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  • 机器博弈中的数据结构与基本方法(二)-----递归及回溯法实例

    1、跳马问题:从左上角开始,按照象棋中马的行走规则(但是不考虑马脚,只需要按日字走),要求每个点走一次且仅一次,并且所有的点走走到,求解所有可行走法。

        

    思路及代码:

     1 #include <cstdio>
     2 int a[9][9];                        //包含边界拓展
     3 int S = 0;                            //总的方案数
     4 void PrintAnswer(){                    //打印行走策略
     5     printf("Answer	%d
    ", S);
     6     for (int i = 2; i < 7; i++){
     7         for (int j = 2; j < 7; j++){
     8             printf("%-4d	", a[i][j]);
     9         }
    10         printf("
    ");
    11     }
    12 }
    13 void Try(int i, int ml, int nl);
    14 void Move(int i, int m, int n){
    15     if (0 == a[m][n]){
    16         a[m][n] = i;
    17         if (i < 25){
    18             Try(i+1, m, n);
    19         } else {
    20             S++;
    21             PrintAnswer();
    22         }
    23         a[m][n] = 0;
    24     }
    25 }
    26 void Try(int i, int ml, int nl){    //i:到达结点编号,ml/nl出发点的位置
    27     int n, m;
    28     m = ml - 2;
    29     n = nl + 1;                        //走法 1
    30     Move(i, m, n);
    31 
    32     m = ml - 2;
    33     n = nl - 1;                        //走法 2
    34     Move(i, m, n);
    35     
    36     m = ml + 2;
    37     n = nl + 1;                        //走法 3
    38     Move(i, m, n);
    39 
    40     m = ml + 2;
    41     n = nl - 1;                        //走法 4
    42     Move(i, m, n);
    43 
    44     m = ml - 1;
    45     n = nl + 2;                        //走法 5
    46     Move(i, m, n);
    47 
    48     m = ml - 1;
    49     n = nl - 2;                        //走法 6
    50     Move(i, m, n);
    51 
    52     m = ml + 1;
    53     n = nl + 2;                        //走法 7
    54     Move(i, m, n);
    55 
    56     m = ml + 1;
    57     n = nl - 2;                        //走法 8
    58     Move(i, m, n);    
    59 }
    60 int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
    61 {
    62     freopen("ans.txt", "w", stdout);
    63     for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++){
    64         for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++){
    65             if (i < 2 || i > 6 || j < 2 || j > 6){
    66                 a[i][j] = -1;
    67             } else {
    68                 a[i][j] = 0;
    69             }
    70         }
    71     }
    72     a[2][2] = 1;
    73     Try(2, 2, 2);
    74     return 0;
    75 }
    ans.cpp

    部分答案

     1 Answer    301
     2 1       6       17      12      25      
     3 16      11      2       7       18      
     4 3       20      5       24      13      
     5 10      15      22      19      8       
     6 21      4       9       14      23      
     7 Answer    302
     8 1       16      7       12      25      
     9 8       13      2       17      6       
    10 3       20      15      24      11      
    11 14      9       22      5       18      
    12 21      4       19      10      23      
    13 Answer    303
    14 1       18      7       12      25      
    15 8       13      2       19      6       
    16 3       20      17      24      11      
    17 14      9       22      5       16      
    18 21      4       15      10      23      
    19 Answer    304
    20 1       8       19      14      25      
    21 18      13      2       9       6       
    22 3       20      7       24      15      
    23 12      17      22      5       10      
    24 21      4       11      16      23 
    25304 种策略
    部分答案

    图示

        

    2、迷宫问题:如下图,求出所有可以到达出口的路径(左上角绿色是入口,右下角是出口,深红色部分是墙,红色是为了编程方便(边界判断)人为加的)。

      代码及思路

     1 #include <cstdio>
     2 int a[8][12];
     3 int s = 0;
     4 void PrintPath(){
     5     printf("Path%d
    ", s);
     6     for (int i = 1; i < 7; i++){
     7         for (int j = 1; j < 11; j++)
     8         {
     9             printf("%4d", a[i][j]);
    10         }
    11         printf("
    ");
    12     }
    13 }
    14 void Try(int i, int ml, int nl);
    15 void Move(int i, int m, int n){
    16     if (0 == a[m][n]){
    17         a[m][n] = i;
    18         if (6 == m && 10 == n){
    19             s++;
    20             PrintPath();
    21         } else {
    22             Try(i+1, m, n);
    23         }
    24         a[m][n] = 0;
    25     }
    26 }
    27 
    28 void Try(int i, int ml, int nl){
    29     int m, n;
    30     m = ml;
    31     n = nl - 1;                //注意只能上下左右与移动
    32     Move(i, m, n);
    33 
    34     m = ml;
    35     n = nl + 1;
    36     Move(i, m, n);
    37 
    38     m = ml - 1;
    39     n = nl;
    40     Move(i, m, n);
    41 
    42     m = ml + 1;
    43     n = nl;
    44     Move(i, m, n);
    45 }
    46 int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
    47 {
    48     freopen("ans.txt", "w", stdout);
    49     for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++){
    50         for (int j = 0; j < 12; j++){
    51             a[i][j] = -1;
    52         }
    53     }
    54     a[1][1] = 0;
    55     for (int i = 1; i <= 8; i++){
    56         if (2!=i && 5!=i){
    57             a[2][i] = 0;
    58         }
    59     }
    60     for (int i = 1; i <= 9; i++){
    61         if (4!=i && 5!=i && 7!=i){
    62             a[3][i] = 0;
    63         }
    64     }
    65     for (int i = 1; i <= 9; i++){
    66         if (2!=i && 3!=i && 7!=i && 8!=i){
    67             a[4][i] = 0;
    68         }
    69     }
    70     for (int i = 1; i <= 9; i++){
    71         if (5!=i){
    72             a[5][i] = 0;
    73         }
    74     }
    75     a[6][9] = a[6][10] = 0;
    76     a[1][1] = 1;
    77     Try(2, 1, 1);
    78     printf("Sum = %d
    ", s);
    79     return 0;
    80 }
    ans.cpp

      输出结果

    Path1
       1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1
       2  -1   0   0  -1  13  14  15  -1  -1
       3   0   0  -1  -1  12  -1  16  17  -1
       4  -1  -1   9  10  11  -1  -1  18  -1
       5   6   7   8  -1   0   0   0  19  -1
      -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  20  21
    Path2
       1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1
       2  -1   0   0  -1   0   0   0  -1  -1
       3   0   0  -1  -1   0  -1   0   0  -1
       4  -1  -1   9  10  11  -1  -1   0  -1
       5   6   7   8  -1  12  13  14  15  -1
      -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  -1  16  17
    Sum = 2
    输出结果

      图示

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhaoyu1995/p/5640676.html
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