cpu时间 / cpu利用率计算

CPU时间即反映CPU全速工作时完成该进程所花费的时间

cpu时间计算CPU TIME = （# of CPU Clock Cycles） x Clock Period     // “#” 表示消耗的CPU时钟周期个数

= (# of CPU Clock Cycles)/(Clock Frequency)

 

cpu时间计算 = （#个cpu时钟周期） X 电子脉冲时钟周期  （类似于晶振产生的脉冲，而频率就是单位时间产生脉冲数量 = 1/单个脉冲时钟周期占用时间）

                 =  （#个cpu时钟周期） / 电子脉冲时钟频率

 

时间片-概述    

举个多线程程序的例子，说明时间片是怎样工作的（java）
如上：

由此可见：两个线程是交替执行的（数字的变化），从宏观上（同时输出）。

以下是搜的资料：
1，什么是时间片轮转：
时间片轮转调度是一种最古老，最简单，最公平且使用最广的算法是时间片调度。每个进程被分配一个时间段，称作它的时间片，即该进程允许运行的时间。如果在 时间片结束时进程还在运行，则CPU将被剥夺并分配给另一个进程。如果进程在时间片结束前阻塞或结束，则CPU当即进行切换。调度程序所要做的就是维护一 张就绪进程列表，，当进程用完它的时间片后，它被移到队列的末尾。

时间片轮转调度中唯一有趣的一点是时间片的长度。从一个进程切换到另一个进程是需要一定时间的--保存和装入寄存器值及内存映像，更新各种表格和队列等。 假如进程切换(process switch) - 有时称为上下文切换(context switch)，需要5毫秒，再假设时间片设为20毫秒，则在 做完20毫秒有用的工作之后，CPU将花费5毫秒来进行进程切换。CPU时间的20%被浪费在了管理开销上。

为了提高CPU效率，我们可以将时间片设为500毫秒。这时浪费的时间只有1%。但考虑在一个分时系统中，如果有十个交互用户几乎同时按下回车键，将发生 什么情况？假设所有其他进程都用足它们的时间片的话，最后一个不幸的进程不得不等待5秒钟才获得运行机会。多数用户无法忍受一条简短命令要5秒钟才能做出 响应。同样的问题在一台支持多道程序的个人计算机上也会发生。

结论可以归结如下：时间片设得太短会导致过多的进程切换，降低了CPU效率；而设得太长又可能引起对短的交互请求的响应变差。将时间片设为100毫秒通常是一个比较合理的折衷。

  

 

CPU使用率：（Jconsole  MBean  java.lang.OperatingSystem.ProcessCpuTime ）

如何取得jvm实例的cpu占用

本文会贴很多代码，代码遵循Google的java代码格式。

获取数据篇

１、jmx连接的创建是一个比较重的操作，我们使用apache的common pool2创建连接工厂。

public class JmxConnectionFactory implements KeyedPooledObjectFactory<JmxServer, JMXConnector> {

  @Override
  public PooledObject<JMXConnector> makeObject(JmxServer server) throws Exception {
    JMXServiceURL
        serviceURL =
        new JMXServiceURL(String.format(
            "service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/rmi://%s:%s/jmxrmi", server.getHost(), server.getPort()));
    Map<String, Object> environment = Maps.newHashMap();
    String username = server.getUsername();
    String password = server.getPassword();
    if ((username != null) && (password != null)) {
      String[] credentials = new String[2];
      credentials[0] = username;
      credentials[1] = password;
      environment.put(JMXConnector.CREDENTIALS, credentials);
    }
    environment.put("sun.rmi.transport.proxy.connectTimeout", 1000);
    environment.put("sun.rmi.transport.tcp.responseTimeout", 3000);
    JMXConnector connect = JMXConnectorFactory.connect(serviceURL, environment);
    return new DefaultPooledObject<JMXConnector>(connect);


  }

  @Override
  public void destroyObject(JmxServer key, PooledObject<JMXConnector> object) throws Exception {
    object.getObject().close();
  }

  @Override
  public boolean validateObject(JmxServer key, PooledObject<JMXConnector> object) {
    JMXConnector connector = object.getObject();
    try {
      connector.getConnectionId();
      return true;
    } catch (IOException exception) {
      // ignore
    }
    return false;
  }

  @Override
  public void activateObject(JmxServer key, PooledObject<JMXConnector> p) throws Exception {
  }

  @Override
  public void passivateObject(JmxServer key, PooledObject<JMXConnector> p) throws Exception {
  }
}

２、从连接池中获取JMX连接

private static GenericKeyedObjectPool<JmxServer, JMXConnector> POOL;
  private static AtomicInteger actives = new AtomicInteger(0);
  //....
try {
      JMXConnector connector = POOL.borrowObject(server);
      try {
        MBeanServerConnection mbsc = connector.getMBeanServerConnection();
        // 在这个地方使用连接获取JVM的监控数据
        // ......
      } finally {
        POOL.returnObject(server, connector);
      }

3、计算cpu占用的逻辑是:
获取：ProcessCpuTime，Uptime，AvailableProcessors，然后结合上一次获取到的数据得出，算式为：

Math.min(99F, (ProcessCpuTime-PreProcessCpuTime) / ((Uptime-PreUptime) * 10000F * AvailableProcessors));

方式一：通过获取相应的Bean，然后通过Bean去获取数据

private long prevUpTime, prevProcessCpuTime;
// ......
      RuntimeMXBean runtimeMBean =
          newPlatformMXBeanProxy(mbsc, RUNTIME_MXBEAN_NAME, RuntimeMXBean.class);
      OperatingSystemMXBean
          operatingSystemMBean =
          newPlatformMXBeanProxy(mbsc, OPERATING_SYSTEM_MXBEAN_NAME,
                                 com.sun.management.OperatingSystemMXBean.class);
      int nCPUs = operatingSystemMBean.getAvailableProcessors();
      if (runtimeMBean != null && operatingSystemMBean != null) {
        long uptime = runtimeMBean.getUptime();
        long processCpuTime = operatingSystemMBean.getProcessCpuTime();
        if (prevUpTime != 0 && prevProcessCpuTime != 0) {
          long elapsedCpu = processCpuTime - prevProcessCpuTime;
          long elaspedTime = uptime - prevUpTime;
          float cpuUsage = Math.min(99F, elapsedCpu / (elaspedTime * 10000F * nCPUs));
          prevUpTime = uptime;
          prevProcessCpuTime = processCpuTime;
          //
          JsonObject value = new JsonObject();
          String key = "CpuUsage";
          LOGGER.debug("received value '{}%' for item '{}'", cpuUsage, key);
          value.addProperty(MonitorConst.JSON_TAG_VALUE, cpuUsage);
          value.addProperty(MonitorConst.JSON_TAG_NAME, key);
          return value;
        } else {
          prevUpTime = uptime;
          prevProcessCpuTime = processCpuTime;
        }
      }
// ......

方式二、通过key来直接获取，代码通用些，比较长，代码参考zabbix gateway实现

// 通用获取方法
protected String getStringValue(MBeanServerConnection mbsc, String key) throws Exception {
    MonitorItem item = new MonitorItem(key);

    if (item.getKeyId().equals("jmx")) {
      if (2 != item.getArgumentCount()) {
        throw new MonitorException(
            "required key format: jmx[<object name>,<attribute name>]");
      }

      ObjectName objectName = new ObjectName(item.getArgument(1));
      String attributeName = item.getArgument(2);
      String realAttributeName;
      String fieldNames = "";
      int sep;

      //
      // Attribute name and composite data field names are separated by dots. On the other hand the
      // name may contain a dot too. In this case user needs to escape it with a backslash. Also the
      // backslash symbols in the name must be escaped. So a real separator is unescaped dot and
      // separatorIndex() is used to locate it.
      //

      sep = HelperFunctionChest.separatorIndex(attributeName);

      if (-1 != sep) {
        LOGGER.trace("'{}' contains composite data", attributeName);

        realAttributeName = attributeName.substring(0, sep);
        fieldNames = attributeName.substring(sep + 1);
      } else {
        realAttributeName = attributeName;
      }

      // unescape possible dots or backslashes that were escaped by user
      realAttributeName = HelperFunctionChest.unescapeUserInput(realAttributeName);

      LOGGER.trace("attributeName:'{}'", realAttributeName);
      LOGGER.trace("fieldNames:'{}'", fieldNames);

      return getPrimitiveAttributeValue(mbsc.getAttribute(objectName, realAttributeName),
                                        fieldNames);
    } else if (item.getKeyId().equals("jmx.discovery")) {
      if (0 != item.getArgumentCount()) {
        throw new MonitorException("required key format: jmx.discovery");
      }

      JsonArray counters = new JsonArray();

      for (ObjectName name : mbsc.queryNames(null, null)) {
        LOGGER.trace("discovered object '{}'", name);

        for (MBeanAttributeInfo attrInfo : mbsc.getMBeanInfo(name).getAttributes()) {
          LOGGER.trace("discovered attribute '{}'", attrInfo.getName());

          if (!attrInfo.isReadable()) {
            LOGGER.trace("attribute not readable, skipping");
            continue;
          }

          try {
            LOGGER.trace("looking for attributes of primitive types");
            String
                descr =
                (attrInfo.getName().equals(attrInfo.getDescription()) ? null
                                                                      : attrInfo
                     .getDescription());
            findPrimitiveAttributes(counters, name, descr, attrInfo.getName(),
                                    mbsc.getAttribute(name, attrInfo.getName()));
          } catch (Exception e) {
            Object[] logInfo = {name, attrInfo.getName(), e};
            LOGGER.trace("processing '{},{}' failed", logInfo);
          }
        }
      }

      JsonObject mapping = new JsonObject();
      mapping.add(MonitorConst.JSON_TAG_DATA, counters);
      return mapping.toString();
    } else {
      throw new MonitorException("key ID '%s' is not supported", item.getKeyId());
    }
  }

  private String getPrimitiveAttributeValue(Object dataObject, String fieldNames) throws
                                                                                  MonitorException {
    LOGGER
        .trace("drilling down with data object '{}' and field names '{}'", dataObject,
               fieldNames);

    if (null == dataObject) {
      throw new MonitorException("data object is null");
    }

    if (fieldNames.equals("")) {
      if (isPrimitiveAttributeType(dataObject.getClass())) {
        return dataObject.toString();
      } else {
        throw new MonitorException(
            "data object type is not primitive: %s" + dataObject.getClass());
      }
    }

    if (dataObject instanceof CompositeData) {
      LOGGER.trace("'{}' contains composite data", dataObject);

      CompositeData comp = (CompositeData) dataObject;

      String dataObjectName;
      String newFieldNames = "";

      int sep = HelperFunctionChest.separatorIndex(fieldNames);

      if (-1 != sep) {
        dataObjectName = fieldNames.substring(0, sep);
        newFieldNames = fieldNames.substring(sep + 1);
      } else {
        dataObjectName = fieldNames;
      }

      // unescape possible dots or backslashes that were escaped by user
      dataObjectName = HelperFunctionChest.unescapeUserInput(dataObjectName);

      return getPrimitiveAttributeValue(comp.get(dataObjectName), newFieldNames);
    } else {
      throw new MonitorException("unsupported data object type along the path: %s",
                                 dataObject.getClass());
    }
  }

  private void findPrimitiveAttributes(JsonArray counters, ObjectName name, String descr,
                                       String attrPath, Object attribute) {
    LOGGER.trace("drilling down with attribute path '{}'", attrPath);

    if (isPrimitiveAttributeType(attribute.getClass())) {
      LOGGER.trace("found attribute of a primitive type: {}", attribute.getClass());

      JsonObject counter = new JsonObject();

      counter.addProperty("{#JMXDESC}", null == descr ? name + "," + attrPath : descr);
      counter.addProperty("{#JMXOBJ}", name.toString());
      counter.addProperty("{#JMXATTR}", attrPath);
      counter.addProperty("{#JMXTYPE}", attribute.getClass().getName());
      counter.addProperty("{#JMXVALUE}", attribute.toString());

      counters.add(counter);
    } else if (attribute instanceof CompositeData) {
      LOGGER.trace("found attribute of a composite type: {}", attribute.getClass());

      CompositeData comp = (CompositeData) attribute;

      for (String key : comp.getCompositeType().keySet()) {
        findPrimitiveAttributes(counters, name, descr, attrPath + "." + key, comp.get(key));
      }
    } else if (attribute instanceof TabularDataSupport || attribute.getClass().isArray()) {
      LOGGER.trace("found attribute of a known, unsupported type: {}", attribute.getClass());
    } else {
      LOGGER
          .trace("found attribute of an unknown, unsupported type: {}", attribute.getClass());
    }
  }

  private boolean isPrimitiveAttributeType(Class<?> clazz) {
    Class<?>[]
        clazzez =
        {Boolean.class, Character.class, Byte.class, Short.class, Integer.class, Long.class,
         Float.class, Double.class, String.class, java.math.BigDecimal.class,
         java.math.BigInteger.class,
         java.util.Date.class, ObjectName.class};

    return HelperFunctionChest.arrayContains(clazzez, clazz);
  }
// 使用示例
获取：ProcessCpuTime，Uptime，AvailableProcessors，然后结合上一次获取到的数据得出，算式为：
String processCpuTime=getStringValue(mbsc, "jmx["java.lang:type=OperatingSystem",ProcessCpuTime]")
String uptime=getStringValue(mbsc, "jmx["java.lang:type=Runtime",Uptime]", #1)-last("jmx["java.lang:type=Runtime",Uptime]")
String availableProcessors=getStringValue(mbsc, "jmx["java.lang:type=OperatingSystem",AvailableProcessors]")

方式三、zabbix
１、clone一个Template JMX Generic，修改添加相应的item的配置，添加的Template JMX Consumer

<template>
            <template>Template JMX Consumer</template>
            <name>Template JMX Consumer</name>
            <groups>
                <group>
                    <name>Templates</name>
                </group>
            </groups>
            <applications/>
            <items>
                <item>
                    <name>AvailableProcessors</name>
                    <type>16</type>
                    <snmp_community/>
                    <multiplier>0</multiplier>
                    <snmp_oid/>
                    <key>jmx["java.lang:type=OperatingSystem",AvailableProcessors]</key>
                    <delay>60</delay>
                    <history>7</history>
                    <trends>365</trends>
                    <status>0</status>
                    <value_type>3</value_type>
                    <allowed_hosts/>
                    <units/>
                    <delta>0</delta>
                    <snmpv3_contextname/>
                    <snmpv3_securityname/>
                    <snmpv3_securitylevel>0</snmpv3_securitylevel>
                    <snmpv3_authprotocol>0</snmpv3_authprotocol>
                    <snmpv3_authpassphrase/>
                    <snmpv3_privprotocol>0</snmpv3_privprotocol>
                    <snmpv3_privpassphrase/>
                    <formula>1</formula>
                    <delay_flex/>
                    <params/>
                    <ipmi_sensor/>
                    <data_type>0</data_type>
                    <authtype>0</authtype>
                    <username/>
                    <password/>
                    <publickey/>
                    <privatekey/>
                    <port/>
                    <description/>
                    <inventory_link>0</inventory_link>
                    <applications>
                        <application>
                            <name>Operating System</name>
                        </application>
                    </applications>
                    <valuemap/>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <name>Cpu Usage</name>
                    <type>15</type>
                    <snmp_community/>
                    <multiplier>0</multiplier>
                    <snmp_oid/>
                    <key>CpuUsage</key>
                    <delay>30</delay>
                    <history>7</history>
                    <trends>365</trends>
                    <status>0</status>
                    <value_type>0</value_type>
                    <allowed_hosts/>
                    <units>%</units>
                    <delta>0</delta>
                    <snmpv3_contextname/>
                    <snmpv3_securityname/>
                    <snmpv3_securitylevel>0</snmpv3_securitylevel>
                    <snmpv3_authprotocol>0</snmpv3_authprotocol>
                    <snmpv3_authpassphrase/>
                    <snmpv3_privprotocol>0</snmpv3_privprotocol>
                    <snmpv3_privpassphrase/>
                    <formula>1</formula>
                    <delay_flex/>
                    <params>(last("jmx["java.lang:type=OperatingSystem",ProcessCpuTime]", #1)-last("jmx["java.lang:type=OperatingSystem",ProcessCpuTime]", #2))/((last("jmx["java.lang:type=Runtime",Uptime]", #1)-last("jmx["java.lang:type=Runtime",Uptime]", #2))*10000*last("jmx["java.lang:type=OperatingSystem",AvailableProcessors]", 0))</params>
                    <ipmi_sensor/>
                    <data_type>0</data_type>
                    <authtype>0</authtype>
                    <username/>
                    <password/>
                    <publickey/>
                    <privatekey/>
                    <port/>
                    <description/>
                    <inventory_link>0</inventory_link>
                    <applications>
                        <application>
                            <name>Runtime</name>
                        </application>
                    </applications>
                    <valuemap/>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <name>ProcessCpuTime</name>
                    <type>16</type>
                    <snmp_community/>
                    <multiplier>0</multiplier>
                    <snmp_oid/>
                    <key>jmx["java.lang:type=OperatingSystem",ProcessCpuTime]</key>
                    <delay>60</delay>
                    <history>7</history>
                    <trends>365</trends>
                    <status>0</status>
                    <value_type>3</value_type>
                    <allowed_hosts/>
                    <units/>
                    <delta>0</delta>
                    <snmpv3_contextname/>
                    <snmpv3_securityname/>
                    <snmpv3_securitylevel>0</snmpv3_securitylevel>
                    <snmpv3_authprotocol>0</snmpv3_authprotocol>
                    <snmpv3_authpassphrase/>
                    <snmpv3_privprotocol>0</snmpv3_privprotocol>
                    <snmpv3_privpassphrase/>
                    <formula>1</formula>
                    <delay_flex/>
                    <params/>
                    <ipmi_sensor/>
                    <data_type>0</data_type>
                    <authtype>0</authtype>
                    <username/>
                    <password/>
                    <publickey/>
                    <privatekey/>
                    <port/>
                    <description/>
                    <inventory_link>0</inventory_link>
                    <applications>
                        <application>
                            <name>Operating System</name>
                        </application>
                    </applications>
                    <valuemap/>
                </item>
            </items>
            <discovery_rules/>
            <macros/>
            <templates>
                <template>
                    <name>Template JMX Generic</name>
                </template>
            </templates>
            <screens/>
        </template>
// 修改原来的模板
<item>
                    <name>jvm Uptime</name>
                    <type>15</type>
                    <snmp_community/>
                    <multiplier>1</multiplier>
                    <snmp_oid/>
                    <key>jmxUptime</key>
                    <delay>60</delay>
                    <history>7</history>
                    <trends>365</trends>
                    <status>0</status>
                    <value_type>3</value_type>
                    <allowed_hosts/>
                    <units>uptime</units>
                    <delta>0</delta>
                    <snmpv3_contextname/>
                    <snmpv3_securityname/>
                    <snmpv3_securitylevel>0</snmpv3_securitylevel>
                    <snmpv3_authprotocol>0</snmpv3_authprotocol>
                    <snmpv3_authpassphrase/>
                    <snmpv3_privprotocol>0</snmpv3_privprotocol>
                    <snmpv3_privpassphrase/>
                    <formula>0.001</formula>
                    <delay_flex/>
                    <params>jmx["java.lang:type=Runtime",Uptime]</params>
                    <ipmi_sensor/>
                    <data_type>0</data_type>
                    <authtype>0</authtype>
                    <username/>
                    <password/>
                    <publickey/>
                    <privatekey/>
                    <port/>
                    <description/>
                    <inventory_link>0</inventory_link>
                    <applications>
                        <application>
                            <name>Runtime</name>
                        </application>
                    </applications>
                    <valuemap/>
                </item>
                <item>
                    <name>jvm Uptime Microsecond</name>
                    <type>16</type>
                    <snmp_community/>
                    <multiplier>0</multiplier>
                    <snmp_oid/>
                    <key>jmx["java.lang:type=Runtime",Uptime]</key>
                    <delay>60</delay>
                    <history>7</history>
                    <trends>365</trends>
                    <status>0</status>
                    <value_type>3</value_type>
                    <allowed_hosts/>
                    <units>uptime</units>
                    <delta>0</delta>
                    <snmpv3_contextname/>
                    <snmpv3_securityname/>
                    <snmpv3_securitylevel>0</snmpv3_securitylevel>
                    <snmpv3_authprotocol>0</snmpv3_authprotocol>
                    <snmpv3_authpassphrase/>
                    <snmpv3_privprotocol>0</snmpv3_privprotocol>
                    <snmpv3_privpassphrase/>
                    <formula>1</formula>
                    <delay_flex/>
                    <params/>
                    <ipmi_sensor/>
                    <data_type>0</data_type>
                    <authtype>0</authtype>
                    <username/>
                    <password/>
                    <publickey/>
                    <privatekey/>
                    <port/>
                    <description/>
                    <inventory_link>0</inventory_link>
                    <applications>
                        <application>
                            <name>Runtime</name>
                        </application>
                    </applications>
                    <valuemap/>
                </item>