C# 获取并判断操作系统版本，解决Win10、 Windows Server 2012 R2 读取失败的方案

Windows 8.1， Win10之后，通过GetVersion and GetVersionEx 方法获取WIndows操作系统版本号的功能需要添加manifest文件后才能查找到，不然的话会查找错误，比如win10系统返给一个win8系统等。

具体的做法就是在项目文件里添加一个<***.exe>.manifest文件，文件的命名规则必须是exe文件的全名+.manifest.

这里直接上C#的代码了，C++代码相似，将在另外一篇文章里讲述:http://www.cnblogs.com/zhengshuangliang/p/5258504.html

微软技术文档参考网址：https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms724834(v=vs.85).aspx

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2008, TopCoder, Inc. All rights reserved.
 */

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.IO;

namespace TopCoder.Installation.Util.Prerequisite.Impl
{
    /// <summary>
    /// <para>
    /// This utility is used by <see cref="PrerequisiteSoftwareValidation"/> to detect the Microsoft Windows
    /// version currently running on the machine.
    /// </para>
    /// <para>
    /// This class uses Win API function GetVersionEx() from kernel32 library to retrieve additional parameters
    /// about the installed Windows version.
    /// </para>
    /// </summary>
    ///
    /// <threadsafety>
    /// <para>
    /// This class is immutable and thread safe.
    /// </para>
    /// </threadsafety>
    ///
    /// <author>saarixx</author>
    /// <author>TCSDEVELOPER</author>
    /// <version>1.0</version>
    /// <copyright>Copyright (c) 2008, TopCoder, Inc. All rights reserved.</copyright>
    public static class WindowsVersionDetector
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Represents Windows 95.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        private const string Windows95 = "Windows 95";

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Represents Windows 98.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        private const string Windows98 = "Windows 98";

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Represents Windows ME.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        private const string WindowsME = "Windows ME";

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Represents Windows Vista.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        private const string WindowsVista = "Windows Vista";

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Represents Windows Server 2008.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        private const string WindowsServer2008 = "Windows Server 2008";
        private const string WindowsServer2008R2 = "Windows Server 2008 R2";

        /// <summary>
        /// Represents windows 10, windows server 2016 technical preview
        /// </summary>
        private const string Windows10 = "Windows 10";
        private const string WindowsServer2016TP = "Windows Server 2016 Technical Preview";

        #region Represents Windows8,8.1,server 2012,server 2012 R2 #CJF 11/06/2013
        /// <summary>
        /// Represents windows 8,8.1
        /// </summary>
        private const string Windows8 = "Windows 8";
        private const string Windows8_1 = "Windows 8.1";

        /// <summary>
        /// Represents windows server 2012
        /// </summary>
        private const string WindowsServer2012 = "Windows Server 2012";
        private const string WindowsServer2012R2 = "Windows Server 2012 R2";
        #endregion

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Represents Windows 7.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        private const string Windows7 = "Windows 7";
        
        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Represents Windows Server 2003, Storage.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        private const string WindowsServer2003Storage = "Windows Server 2003, Storage";

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Represents Windows Server 2003, Compute Cluster Edition.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        private const string WindowsServer2003ComputeClusterEdition = "Windows Server 2003, Compute Cluster Edition";

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Represents Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        private const string WindowsServer2003DatacenterEdition = "Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition";

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Represents Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        private const string WindowsServer2003EnterpriseEdition = "Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition";

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Represents Windows Server 2003, Web Edition.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        private const string WindowsServer2003WebEdition = "Windows Server 2003, Web Edition";

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Represents Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        private const string WindowsServer2003StandardEdition = "Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition";

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Represents Windows XP Home Edition.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        private const string WindowsXPHomeEdition = "Windows XP Home Edition";

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Represents Windows XP Professional.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        private const string WindowsXPProfessional = "Windows XP Professional";

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Represents Windows 2000 Professional.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        private const string Windows2000Professional = "Windows 2000 Professional";

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Represents Windows 2000 Datacenter Server.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        private const string Windows2000DatacenterServer = "Windows 2000 Datacenter Server";

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Represents Windows 2000 Advanced Server.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        private const string Windows2000AdvancedServer = "Windows 2000 Advanced Server";

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Represents Windows 2000 Server.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        private const string Windows2000Server = "Windows 2000 Server";

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Represents Windows NT 4.0.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        private const string WindowsNT40 = "Windows NT 4.0";

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Represents Windows CE.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        private const string WindowsCE = "Windows CE";

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Represents Unknown.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        private const string Unknown = "Unknown";

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Represents VER_NT_WORKSTATION from kernel32 library.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        private const byte VER_NT_WORKSTATION = 0x01;

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Represents VER_SUITE_ENTERPRISE from kernel32 library.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        private const short VER_SUITE_ENTERPRISE = 0x0002;

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Represents VER_SUITE_DATACENTER from kernel32 library.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        private const short VER_SUITE_DATACENTER = 0x0080;

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Represents VER_SUITE_PERSONAL from kernel32 library.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        private const short VER_SUITE_PERSONAL = 0x0200;

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Represents VER_SUITE_BLADE from kernel32 library.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        private const short VER_SUITE_BLADE = 0x0400;

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Represents VER_SUITE_STORAGE_SERVER from kernel32 library.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        private const short VER_SUITE_STORAGE_SERVER = 0x2000;

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Represents VER_SUITE_COMPUTE_SERVER from kernel32 library.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        private const short VER_SUITE_COMPUTE_SERVER = 0x4000;

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Contains operating system version information. The information includes major and minor version
        /// numbers, a build number, a platform identifier, and information about product suites and the
        /// latest Service Pack installed on the system.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        ///
        /// <remarks>
        /// <para>
        /// Please refer to WIN API document for more detailed information.
        /// </para>
        /// </remarks>
        ///
        /// <author>saarixx</author>
        /// <author>TCSDEVELOPER</author>
        /// <version>1.0</version>
        /// <copyright>Copyright (c) 2008, TopCoder, Inc. All rights reserved.</copyright>
        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
        private struct OSVersionInfoEx
        {
            /// <summary>
            /// <para>
            /// The size of this data structure, in bytes.
            /// </para>
            /// </summary>
            public int dwOSVersionInfoSize;

            /// <summary>
            /// <para>
            /// The major version number of the operating system.
            /// </para>
            /// </summary>
            public int dwMajorVersion;

            /// <summary>
            /// <para>
            /// The minor version number of the operating system.
            /// </para>
            /// </summary>
            public int dwMinorVersion;

            /// <summary>
            /// <para>
            /// The build number of the operating system.
            /// </para>
            /// </summary>
            public int dwBuildNumber;

            /// <summary>
            /// <para>
            /// The operating system platform.
            /// </para>
            /// </summary>
            public int dwPlatformId;

            /// <summary>
            /// <para>
            /// A null-terminated string, such as "Service Pack 3", that indicates the latest Service Pack
            /// installed on the system. If no Service Pack has been installed, the string is empty.
            /// </para>
            /// </summary>
            [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 128)]
            public string szCSDVersion;

            /// <summary>
            /// <para>
            /// The major version number of the latest Service Pack installed on the system. For example,
            /// for Service Pack 3, the major version number is 3. If no Service Pack has been installed, the
            /// value is zero.
            /// </para>
            /// </summary>
            public short wServicePackMajor;

            /// <summary>
            /// <para>
            /// The minor version number of the latest Service Pack installed on the system. For example,
            /// for Service Pack 3, the minor version number is 0.
            /// </para>
            /// </summary>
            public short wServicePackMinor;

            /// <summary>
            /// <para>
            /// A bit mask that identifies the product suites available on the system.
            /// </para>
            /// </summary>
            public short wSuiteMask;

            /// <summary>
            /// <para>
            /// Any additional information about the system.
            /// </para>
            /// </summary>
            public byte wProductType;

            /// <summary>
            /// <para>
            /// Reserved for future use.
            /// </para>
            /// </summary>
            public byte wReserved;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Retrieves information about the current operating system.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        ///
        /// <remarks>
        /// <para>
        /// Please refer to WIN API document for more detailed information.
        /// </para>
        /// </remarks>
        ///
        /// <param name="osVersionInfoEx">
        /// A structure that receives the operating system information.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// If the function succeeds, the return value is a nonzero value. If the function fails, the
        /// return value is zero.
        /// </returns>
        [DllImport("kernel32.Dll")]
        private static extern short GetVersionEx(ref OSVersionInfoEx osVersionInfoEx);

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Retrieves the Windows version name.
        /// </para>
        /// <para>
        /// Currently the result can be one of:
        /// <list type="bullet">
        /// <item>Windows 95</item>
        /// <item>Windows 98</item>
        /// <item>Windows ME</item>
        /// <item>Windows Vista</item>
        /// <item>Windows Server 2008</item>
        /// <item>Windows 7</item>
        /// <item>Windows Server 2003, Storage</item>
        /// <item>Windows Server 2003, Compute Cluster Edition</item>
        /// <item>Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition</item>
        /// <item>Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition</item>
        /// <item>Windows Server 2003, Web Edition</item>
        /// <item>Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition</item>
        /// <item>Windows XP Home Edition</item>
        /// <item>Windows XP Professional</item>
        /// <item>Windows 2000 Professional</item>
        /// <item>Windows 2000 Datacenter Server</item>
        /// <item>Windows 2000 Advanced Server</item>
        /// <item>Windows 2000 Server</item>
        /// <item>Windows NT 4.0</item>
        /// <item>Windows CE</item>
        /// <item>Unknown</item>
        /// </list>
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        ///
        /// <returns>
        /// The Windows version name (e.g. "Windows Vista"), can not be null or empty.
        /// </returns>
        ///
        /// <exception cref="PrerequisiteSoftwareValidationException">
        /// If an error occurred while getting the version.
        /// </exception>
        public static string GetVersion()
        {
            try
            {
                // Get platform
                PlatformID platform = Environment.OSVersion.Platform;

                // Get Windows major version
                int majorVersion = Environment.OSVersion.Version.Major;

                // Get Windows minor version
                int minorVersion = Environment.OSVersion.Version.Minor;

                // Get OS Version Info
                OSVersionInfoEx os = new OSVersionInfoEx();

                if (platform == PlatformID.Win32NT)
                {
                    os.dwOSVersionInfoSize = Marshal.SizeOf(os);

                    // Call GetVersionEx
                    if (GetVersionEx(ref os) == 0)
                    {
                        throw new PrerequisiteSoftwareValidationException("GetVersionEx API failed.");
                    }
                }

                // Default is Unknown
                string versionName = Unknown;

                // Handle Win95, 98, ME
                if ((platform == PlatformID.Win32Windows) && (majorVersion == 4))
                {
                    switch (minorVersion)
                    {
                        case 0:
                            versionName = Windows95;
                            break;
                        case 10:
                            versionName = Windows98;
                            break;
                        case 90:
                            versionName = WindowsME;
                            break;
                    }
                }
                else if (platform == PlatformID.Win32NT)
                {
                    switch (majorVersion)
                    {
                        //Handle Windows 10, 
                        //add below support Win10 info to IPSClient.exe->IPS.manifest
                        //http://www.itdadao.com/article/227158/
                        //https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn481241(v=vs.85).aspx
                        //<supportedOS Id="{8e0f7a12-bfb3-4fe8-b9a5-48fd50a15a9a}"/>
                        case 10:
                            if (minorVersion == 0)
                            {
                                if (os.wProductType == VER_NT_WORKSTATION)
                                {
                                    versionName = Windows10;
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    versionName = WindowsServer2016TP;
                                }
                            }
                            break;

                        // Handle Vista, Win2008,Windows 7,Windows 8/8.1, windows server 2012/2012R2
                        //https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms724832(v=vs.85).aspx
                        
                        case 6:
                            #region Handle Windows8, 8.1, server 2012, server 2012 R2  #CJF 11/06/2013
                            if (minorVersion == 2)
                            {
                                if (os.wProductType == VER_NT_WORKSTATION)
                                {
                                    versionName = Windows8;
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    versionName = WindowsServer2012;
                                }
                            }

                            if (minorVersion == 3)
                            {
                                if (os.wProductType == VER_NT_WORKSTATION)
                                {
                                    versionName = Windows8_1;
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    versionName = WindowsServer2012R2;
                                }
                            }
                            #endregion

                            if (minorVersion == 1)
                            {  // Windows 7 or windows Server 2008 R2

                                if (os.wProductType == VER_NT_WORKSTATION)
                                {
                                    versionName = Windows7;
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    versionName = WindowsServer2008R2;
                                }
                            }
                            else
                            if (minorVersion == 0)
                            {   // Vista or windows server 2008 
                                if (os.wProductType == VER_NT_WORKSTATION)
                                {
                                    versionName = WindowsVista;
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    versionName = WindowsServer2008;
                                }
                            }
                            
                            break;
                        // Handle Win2003, XP, Win2000
                        case 5:
                            switch (minorVersion)
                            {
                                case 2:
                                    if ((os.wSuiteMask & VER_SUITE_STORAGE_SERVER) == VER_SUITE_STORAGE_SERVER)
                                    {
                                        versionName = WindowsServer2003Storage;
                                    }
                                    else if ((os.wSuiteMask & VER_SUITE_COMPUTE_SERVER) == VER_SUITE_COMPUTE_SERVER)
                                    {
                                        versionName = WindowsServer2003ComputeClusterEdition;
                                    }
                                    else if ((os.wSuiteMask & VER_SUITE_DATACENTER) == VER_SUITE_DATACENTER)
                                    {
                                        versionName = WindowsServer2003DatacenterEdition;
                                    }
                                    else if ((os.wSuiteMask & VER_SUITE_ENTERPRISE) == VER_SUITE_ENTERPRISE)
                                    {
                                        versionName = WindowsServer2003EnterpriseEdition;
                                    }
                                    else if ((os.wSuiteMask & VER_SUITE_BLADE) == VER_SUITE_BLADE)
                                    {
                                        versionName = WindowsServer2003WebEdition;
                                    }
                                    else
                                    {
                                        versionName = WindowsServer2003StandardEdition;
                                    }
                                    break;
                                case 1:
                                    if ((os.wSuiteMask & VER_SUITE_PERSONAL) == VER_SUITE_PERSONAL)
                                    {
                                        versionName = WindowsXPHomeEdition;
                                    }
                                    else
                                    {
                                        versionName = WindowsXPProfessional;
                                    }
                                    break;
                                case 0:
                                    if ((os.wProductType & VER_NT_WORKSTATION) == VER_NT_WORKSTATION)
                                    {
                                        versionName = Windows2000Professional;
                                    }
                                    else if ((os.wSuiteMask & VER_SUITE_DATACENTER) == VER_SUITE_DATACENTER)
                                    {
                                        versionName = Windows2000DatacenterServer;
                                    }
                                    else if ((os.wSuiteMask & VER_SUITE_ENTERPRISE) == VER_SUITE_ENTERPRISE)
                                    {
                                        versionName = Windows2000AdvancedServer;
                                    }
                                    else
                                    {
                                        versionName = Windows2000Server;
                                    }
                                    break;
                            }
                            break;
                        // Handle WinNT
                        case 4:
                            if (majorVersion == 0)
                            {
                                versionName = WindowsNT40;
                            }
                            break;
                    }
                }
                // Handle WinCE
                else if (platform == PlatformID.WinCE)
                {
                    versionName = WindowsCE;
                }

                return versionName;
            }
            catch(PrerequisiteSoftwareValidationException)
            {
                throw;
            }
            catch(Exception ex)
            {
                // Wrap the exception into PrerequisiteSoftwareValidationException
                throw new PrerequisiteSoftwareValidationException(
                    "An error occurred while getting the version.", ex);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// <para>
        /// Retrieves the Windows service pack.
        /// </para>
        /// </summary>
        ///
        /// <returns>
        /// The Windows service pack (can not be null, empty if no service packs are installed)
        /// </returns>
        ///
        /// <exception cref="PrerequisiteSoftwareValidationException">
        /// If an error occurred while getting the version of the service pack.
        /// </exception>
        public static string GetServicePack()
        {
            try
            {
                return Environment.OSVersion.ServicePack;
            }
            catch(Exception ex)
            {
                // Wrap the exception into PrerequisiteSoftwareValidationException
                throw new PrerequisiteSoftwareValidationException(
                    "An error occurred while getting the version of the service pack.", ex);
            }
        }
    }
}

Manifest 文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion="1.0">
  <trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
    <security>
      <requestedPrivileges>
        <requestedExecutionLevel level="requireAdministrator"/>
      </requestedPrivileges>
    </security>
  </trustInfo>
  <compatibility xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:compatibility.v1">
    <application>
      <!-- Windows 10 
      http://www.itdadao.com/article/227158/
      https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn481241(v=vs.85).aspx
      -->
      <supportedOS Id="{8e0f7a12-bfb3-4fe8-b9a5-48fd50a15a9a}"/>
      <!--This Id value indicates the application supports Windows 8.1 functionality-->
      <supportedOS Id="{1f676c76-80e1-4239-95bb-83d0f6d0da78}"/>
      <!-- Windows Vista -->
      <supportedOS Id="{e2011457-1546-43c5-a5fe-008deee3d3f0}"/>
      <!-- Windows 7 -->
      <supportedOS Id="{35138b9a-5d96-4fbd-8e2d-a2440225f93a}"/>
      <!-- Windows 8 -->
      <supportedOS Id="{4a2f28e3-53b9-4441-ba9c-d69d4a4a6e38}"/>
    </application>
  </compatibility>
  <assemblyIdentity type="win32"
                      name="SampleCode.GetWindowsVersionInfo"
                      version="1.0.0.0"
                      processorArchitecture="x86"
                      publicKeyToken="0000000000000000"
  />
</assembly>

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