handler:绑定到一个线程上,一个线程可以有多个handler
looper:线程跟looper是一一对应的,所以looper不能被调用两次否则会抛出异常
messge:handler利用message来携带消息
messagQueue:用来状态message,一个looper对应一个消息队列
如何来判断一个消息队列对应一个handler呢,在sendmessage中获取到一个消息队列的持有者looper
looper的两个方法:prepare()和loop()
1.
public static final void prepare() { if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) { throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread"); } sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(true)); }
给当前线程一个设定一个looper实例
2.
private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) { mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed); mRun = true; mThread = Thread.currentThread(); }
给这个looper创建一个消息队列(在构造函数中),并返回当前的线程
3.
public static void loop() { final Looper me = myLooper(); if (me == null) { throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread."); } final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue; // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process, // and keep track of what that identity token actually is. Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); for (;;) { Message msg = queue.next(); // might block if (msg == null) { // No message indicates that the message queue is quitting. return; } // This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger Printer logging = me.mLogging; if (logging != null) { logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback + ": " + msg.what); } msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg); if (logging != null) { logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback); } // Make sure that during the course of dispatching the // identity of the thread wasn't corrupted. final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); if (ident != newIdent) { Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x" + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x" + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to " + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " " + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what); } msg.recycle(); } }
public static Looper myLooper() { return sThreadLocal.get(); }
直接拿到该looper实例中的消息队列,然后循环每一个message(进入了无限循环),遍历消息之后会通过这个message的handler进行分发。
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg); 中的target是handler
总结looper的主要作用
1) 与当前线程绑定,保证一个线程只会有一个Looper实例,同时一个Looper实例也只有一个MessageQueue。
2) loop()方法,不断从MessageQueue中去取消息,交给消息的target属性的dispatchMessage去处理。
handler
public Handler() { this(null, false); } public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) { if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) { final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass(); if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) && (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) { Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " + klass.getCanonicalName()); } } mLooper = Looper.myLooper(); if (mLooper == null) { throw new RuntimeException( "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()"); } mQueue = mLooper.mQueue; mCallback = callback; mAsynchronous = async; }
handler绑定到looper上,由于一个looper对一个一个消息队列,这样这个handler就绑定到这个looper上了,也同时绑定到了这个线程上。
handler.sendMessgae()是用来讲Message添加进消息队列的。。dispatchmessage才是用于分发的(如上looper介绍)
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) { if (msg.callback != null) { handleCallback(msg); } else { if (mCallback != null) { if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) { return; } } handleMessage(msg); } }
public void handleMessage(Message msg) { }
handleMessage此时是空的函数,需要我们之后的复写
步骤:
1、首先Looper.prepare()在本线程中保存一个Looper实例,然后该实例中保存一个MessageQueue对象;因为Looper.prepare()在一个线程中只能调用一次,所以MessageQueue在一个线程中只会存在一个。 2、Looper.loop()会让当前线程进入一个无限循环,不端从MessageQueue的实例中读取消息,然后回调msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg)方法。 3、Handler的构造方法,会首先得到当前线程中保存的Looper实例,进而与Looper实例中的MessageQueue想关联。 4、Handler的sendMessage方法,会给msg的target赋值为handler自身,然后加入MessageQueue中。 5、在构造Handler实例时,我们会重写handleMessage方法,也就是msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg)最终调用的方法。 6、handler也可以进行存在于子线程中,为什么我们一般见到的都在主线程中呢?因为一般是针对UI空间更新的操作是不安全的所以handler放在主线程中,如果不存在这样的业务,当然可以用handler