爬虫大作业

1.自己感兴趣的主题或网站。

http://www.18ladys.com/

 

1).用于数据爬取并生成txt文件的py文件：

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

#获取——————————————————————————————————————————
def catchSoup(url):
    #url=‘http://www.18ladys.com/post/buchong/‘
    res=requests.get(url)
    res.encoding=‘utf-8‘
    soup=BeautifulSoup(res.text,‘html.parser‘)
    return soup

#类型及其网页查找(首页查找)——————————————————————
def kindSearch(soup):
    herbKind=[]
    for new in soup.select(‘li‘):
        if(new.text!=‘首页‘):
            perKind=[]
            perKind.append(new.text)
            perKind.append(new.select(‘a‘)[0].attrs[‘href‘])
            herbKind.append(perKind)
    return herbKind

#药名查找(传入页面)——————————————————————————————————————————————————————
def nameSearch(soup):
    herbName=[]
    for new in soup.select(‘h3‘):
        pername=new.text.split(‘_‘)[0].rstrip(‘图片‘).lstrip(‘xa0‘)
        pername=pername.rstrip(‘的功效与作用‘)
        herbName.append(pername)
    return herbName

#分页及详细地址——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
def perPage(soup):
    kindPage=[]
    add=[]
    for new in soup.select(‘.post.pagebar‘):
        for detail in new.select(‘a‘):
            d=[]
            d.append(detail.text)
            d.append(detail.attrs[‘href‘])
            kindPage.append(d)
    kindPage.remove(kindPage[0])
    kindPage.remove(kindPage[-1])
    return kindPage
#爬取某一类的所有药名:kind是一个数字,照着kindSearch的结果输入。————————————
def herbDetail(kind):
    soup=catchSoup(‘http://www.18ladys.com/post/buchong/‘)#从首页开始
    kindName=kindSearch(soup)[kind][0]       #这一类草药的类名
    adds=kindSearch(soup)[kind][1]           #这一类草药的第一页地址
    totalRecord = []                         #这一类草药的所有名字
    print("正在爬取 "+str(kind)+‘.‘+kindName)
    totalRecord.append(nameSearch(catchSoup(adds)))#第一页的草药
    for add in perPage(catchSoup(adds)):           #第二页以及之后的草药
        pageAdd=add[1]
        totalRecord.append(nameSearch(catchSoup(pageAdd)))
        #print(nameSearch(catchSoup(pageAdd)))
    print(totalRecord)
    return totalRecord

#===========================================================
#                      操作
#===========================================================
if __name__=="__main__":
    #获取类别名字及其网页地址—
    totalKind=kindSearch(catchSoup(‘http://www.18ladys.com/post/buchong/‘)) #首页
    #获取某一类中药的各种药名
    totalRecord=[]
    kind=0
    detailContent = ‘‘
    while(kind<20):
        totalRecord=herbDetail(kind)
        if(kind==0):
            detailContent+=‘目录：
‘
            for i in totalKind:
                detailContent+=str(totalKind.index(i)+1)+‘.‘+i[0]+‘ ‘
            kind+=1
            continue

        else:
            detailContent+=‘
‘+str(totalKind[kind][0])+‘:
‘
        for i in totalRecord:
            detailContent+=str(totalRecord.index(i)+1)+‘.‘+i[0]+‘ ‘
        kind+=1

f = open(‘herbDetail.txt‘, ‘a+‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘)
f.write(detailContent)
f.close()

4.因为爬取的是各个中药的类别及名字，没有爬取更细节的数据，所以显示出来的多是一些中药名词

from wordcloud import WordCloud
import jieba
from os import path
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

comment_text = open(‘D:\herbDetail.txt‘,‘r‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘).read()
cut_text = " ".join(jieba.cut(comment_text))
d = path.dirname(__file__)
cloud = WordCloud(
    font_path="C:\Windows\Fonts\simhei.ttf",
    background_color=‘white‘,
    max_words=2000,
    max_font_size=40
)
word_cloud = cloud.generate(cut_text)
word_cloud.to_file("cloud4herb.jpg")
#显示词云图片===================================
plt.imshow(word_cloud)
plt.axis(‘off‘)
plt.show()

5.

1).数据爬取并生成txt文件的py文件

2).利用python相关的包生成词云相关操作的py文件

遇到的问题以及解决方案

1).wordcloud包的安装配置出现很大的问题，本机系统装载了两个python版本导致装载出现很多额外的问题。

解决：在同学的帮助下安装了whl文件并删除了本机中的另一个python版本。

import requests

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import jieba
for i in range(2,10):
        pages = i;
        nexturl = 'http://www.shicimingju.com/chaxun/zuozhe/1_%s.html' % (pages)
        reslist = requests.get(nexturl)
        reslist.encoding = 'utf-8'
        soup_list = BeautifulSoup(reslist.text, 'html.parser')
        for news in soup_list.find_all('div',class_='summary'):
            print(news.text)
            f = open('123.txt', 'a', encoding='utf-8')
            f.write(news.text)
            f.close()
def changeTitleToDict():
    f = open("123.txt", "r", encoding='utf-8')
    str = f.read()
    stringList = list(jieba.cut(str))
    delWord = {"+", "/", "（", "）", "【", "】", " ", "；", "！", "、"}
    stringSet = set(stringList) - delWord
    title_dict = {}
    for i in stringSet:
        title_dict[i] = stringList.count(i)
    print(title_dict)
    return title_dict
然后就开始生成词云

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from PIL import Image,ImageSequence
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from wordcloud import WordCloud,ImageColorGenerator
# 获取上面保存的字典
title_dict = changeTitleToDict()
graph = np.array(title_dict)
font = r'C:WindowsFontssimhei.ttf'
wc = WordCloud(background_color='white',max_words=500,font_path=font)
wc.generate_from_frequencies(title_dict)
plt.imshow(wc)
plt.axis("off")
plt.show()