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  • [Luogu3455][POI2007]ZAP-Queries

    BZOJ(权限题)
    Luogu
    题目描述
    Byteasar the Cryptographer works on breaking the code of BSA (Byteotian Security Agency). He has alreadyfound out that whilst deciphering a message he will have to answer multiple queries of the form"for givenintegers aaa, bbb and ddd, find the number of integer pairs (x,y) satisfying the following conditions:
    1≤x≤a,1≤y≤b,gcd(x,y)=d, where gcd(x,y)is the greatest common divisor of x and y".
    Byteasar would like to automate his work, so he has asked for your help.
    TaskWrite a programme which:
    reads from the standard input a list of queries, which the Byteasar has to give answer to, calculates answers to the queries, writes the outcome to the standard output.
    FGD正在破解一段密码,他需要回答很多类似的问题:对于给定的整数a,b和d,有多少正整数对x,y,满足x<=a,y<=b,并且gcd(x,y)=d。作为FGD的同学,FGD希望得到你的帮助。
    输入输出格式
    输入格式:
    The first line of the standard input contains one integer nnn (1≤n≤50 000),denoting the number of queries.
    The following nnn lines contain three integers each: aaa, bbb and ddd(1≤d≤a,b≤50 000), separated by single spaces.
    Each triplet denotes a single query.
    输出格式:
    Your programme should write nnn lines to the standard output. The iii'th line should contain a single integer: theanswer to the iii'th query from the standard input.
    输入输出样例
    输入样例#1:
    2
    4 5 2
    6 4 3
    输出样例#1:
    3
    2

    sol

    参见莫比乌斯反演总结中的举个栗子骚操作以及奇技淫巧部分
    这个题我们要求$$sum_{i=1}^{a}sum_{j-1}^{b}[gcd(i,j)==d]$$
    首先使用骚操作把式子化成

    [sum_{i=1}^{a/d}sum_{j=1}^{b/d}[gcd(i,j)==1] ]

    以下令(a/d=n)(b/d=m),且(nle m)
    接着设两个函数(f(x))(F(x)),其中

    [f(x)=sum_{i=1}^{n}sum_{j-1}^{m}[gcd(i,j)==x] ]

    [F(x)=sum_{x|d}^{n}f(d) ]

    那么我们可以手动脑补出这个关系

    [F(x)=lfloorfrac nx floorlfloorfrac mx floor ]

    所以(F(x))是可以(O(1))算的,处理出全部的(F(x)),总时间复杂度是(O(n))
    又根据莫比乌斯反演可得

    [f(x)=sum_{x|d}^{n}mu(frac dx)F(d) ]

    因为我们需要求的是(f(1))所以把(x=1)代入得

    [f(1)=sum_{d=1}^{n}mu(d)F(d) ]

    所以我们只要搞出所有的(F(x))跟所有的(mu(x))就可以了
    但是每组数据都这么搞一遍,(O(Tn))的时间复杂度承受不了啊怎么办。
    这里就运用到奇技淫巧中提到的数论分块
    可以证明,(F(x))([1,n])上只有(O(sqrt n))种取值。
    我们维护一个(mu(x))的前缀和,然后把(F(x))值相同的放在一起算贡献。
    总复杂度变为(O(Tsqrt n))
    具体实现参见代码。

    code

    #include<cstdio>
    #include<algorithm>
    using namespace std;
    #define ll long long
    const int N = 50005;
    const int n = 50000;
    int gi()
    {
    	int x=0,w=1;char ch=getchar();
    	while ((ch<'0'||ch>'9')&&ch!='-') ch=getchar();
    	if (ch=='-') w=0,ch=getchar();
    	while (ch>='0'&&ch<='9') x=(x<<3)+(x<<1)+ch-'0',ch=getchar();
    	return w?x:-x;
    }
    int mu[N],pri[N],tot,s[N];
    bool zhi[N];
    void Mobius()
    {
    	zhi[1]=true;mu[1]=1;
    	for (int i=2;i<=n;i++)
    	{
    		if (!zhi[i]) pri[++tot]=i,mu[i]=-1;
    		for (int j=1;j<=tot&&i*pri[j]<=n;j++)
    		{
    			zhi[i*pri[j]]=true;
    			if (i%pri[j]) mu[i*pri[j]]=-mu[i];
    			else {mu[i*pri[j]]=0;break;}
    		}
    	}
    	for (int i=1;i<=n;i++) s[i]=s[i-1]+mu[i];
    }
    ll calc(int a,int b,int k)
    {
    	a/=k;b/=k;
    	if (a>b) swap(a,b);
    	int i=1,j;ll ans=0;
    	while (i<=a)
    	{
    		j=min(a/(a/i),b/(b/i));
    		ans+=1ll*(s[j]-s[i-1])*(a/i)*(b/i);
    		i=j+1;
    	}
    	return ans;
    }
    int main()
    {
    	int T=gi();
    	Mobius();
    	while (T--)
    	{
    		int a=gi(),b=gi(),k=gi();
    		printf("%lld
    ",calc(a,b,k));
    	}
    	return 0;
    }
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhoushuyu/p/8191339.html
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