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  • matplotlib--添加图例和注解

    # coding: utf-8
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    import numpy as np
    x1 = np.random.normal(30, 3, 100)
    x2 = np.random.normal(20, 2, 100)
    x3 = np.random.normal(10, 3, 100)

    # 随机正态分布生成x1、x2、x3,并为每个plot指定一个字符串标签
    plt.plot(x1, label="plot")
    plt.plot(x2, label="plot2")
    plt.plot(x3, label="plot3")

    # 设置loc参数确定图例框的位置
    # 设置列数为nloc=3,指定边框的(bbox_to_anchor)的起始位置为(0.0,1.02),设置宽度为1,高度为0.102,注意这些值都是基于归一化坐标系。参数mode可以设置为None或者expand,当为expand时,图例框会水平的扩展至整个坐标轴区域。参数borderaxespad指定了坐标轴和图例边界之间的间距。

    plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(0., 1.02, 1., .102), loc=3,
    ncol=3, mode="expand", borderaxespad=0.)

    # 进行备注
    plt.annotate("Important value", (55,20), xycoords='data',
    xytext=(5, 38),
    arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->'))
    plt.show()

    plt.annotate()函数解析:

    # plt.annotate()函数用于标注文字
    plt.annotate(s='str',
    	xy=(x,y) ,
    	xytext=(l1,l2) ,
    	...
    )
     

    参数解释:

    s 为注释文本内容

    xy 为被注释的坐标点

    xytext 为注释文字的坐标位置

    xycoords 参数如下:

        figure points:图左下角的点
        figure pixels:图左下角的像素
        figure fraction:图的左下部分
        axes points:坐标轴左下角的点
        axes pixels:坐标轴左下角的像素
        axes fraction:左下轴的分数
        data:使用被注释对象的坐标系统(默认)
        polar(theta,r):if not native ‘data’ coordinates t

    weight 设置字体线型

        {‘ultralight’, ‘light’, ‘normal’, ‘regular’, ‘book’, ‘medium’, ‘roman’, ‘semibold’, ‘demibold’, ‘demi’, ‘bold’, ‘heavy’, ‘extra bold’, ‘black’}

    color 设置字体颜色

        {‘b’, ‘g’, ‘r’, ‘c’, ‘m’, ‘y’, ‘k’, ‘w’}
        ‘black’,'red’等

        [0,1]之间的浮点型数据
        RGB或者RGBA, 如: (0.1, 0.2, 0.5)、(0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.3)等

    arrowprops #箭头参数,参数类型为字典dict

        width:箭头的宽度(以点为单位)
        headwidth:箭头底部以点为单位的宽度
        headlength:箭头的长度(以点为单位)
        shrink:总长度的一部分,从两端“收缩”
        facecolor:箭头颜色

    bbox给标题增加外框 ,常用参数如下:

        boxstyle:方框外形
        facecolor:(简写fc)背景颜色
        edgecolor:(简写ec)边框线条颜色
        edgewidth:边框线条大小

    # coding: utf-8
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    import numpy as np
    def test1():
    x = np.arange(0, 50, 5)
    print(x)
    y = x * x
    plt.plot(x, y, marker="o")
    for xy in zip(x,y):
    plt.annotate("(%s,%s)" % xy, xy=xy, xytext=(2, 4), textcoords='offset points')
    plt.show()

    # test1()

    def test2():
    x = np.arange(0,50, 5)
    y = x * x

    plt.plot(x, y, marker='o')
    # weight:增加字体线型
    for xy in zip(x, y):
    plt.annotate("(%s,%s)" % xy, xy=xy, xytext=(-20, 10), textcoords='offset points', weight='heavy')
    plt.show()
    # test2()

    def test3():
    x = np.arange(0,50,5)
    y = x * x
    plt.plot(x, y, marker='o')
    # 增加字体的颜色
    for xy in zip(x, y):
    plt.annotate("(%s,%s)" % xy, xy=xy, xytext=(-20, 10), textcoords='offset points', color='y', weight='heavy')
    plt.show()

    # test3()

    def test4():
    x = np.arange(0, 50, 10)
    y = x * x
    plt.plot(x, y, marker='o')
    # 增加箭头
    for xy in zip(x, y):
    plt.annotate("(%s,%s)" % xy, xy=xy, xytext=(-20, 10), textcoords='offset points', color='y', weight='heavy',
    arrowprops=dict(facecolor="y", headlength=10, headwidth=10, width=20))
    plt.show()

    # test4()

    def test5():
    x = np.arange(0, 50, 10)
    y = x * x
    plt.plot(x, y, marker='o')
    # 增加标题外框
    for xy in zip(x, y):
    plt.annotate("(%s,%s)" % xy, xy=xy, xytext=(-20, 10), textcoords='offset points',color='y', weight='heavy',
    arrowprops=dict(facecolor="y", headlength=10, headwidth=10, width=20),
    bbox=dict(boxstyle='round,pad=0.5', fc='yellow', ec='k', lw=1, alpha=0.5))
    plt.show()

    # test5()

    def test6():
    x = np.arange(0, 50, 10)
    y = x * x
    plt.plot(x, y, marker='o')
    # 增加箭头指示
    for xy in zip(x, y):
    # plt.annotate("(%s,%s)" % xy, xy=xy, xytext=(-20, 10), textcoords='offset points', color='y', weight='heavy',
    # arrowprops=dict(facecolor="y", headlength=10, headwidth=10, width=20),
    # bbox=dict(boxstyle='round,pad=0.5', fc='yellow', ec='k', lw=1, alpha=0.5))
    plt.annotate('local max', xy=(5, 25), xytext=(20, 25), arrowprops=dict(facecolor='red', shrink=0.05))
    plt.show()

    # test6()
    
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhouzetian/p/11611858.html
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