信号（源码）
信号，是在flask框架中为我们预留的钩子，让我们可以进行一些自定义操作。
pip3 install blinker
根据flask项目的请求流程来进行设置扩展点
1.中间件
from flask import Flask,render_template
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/index')
def index():
return render_template('index.html')
@app.route('/order')
def order():
return render_template('order.html')
class MyMiddleware(object):
def __init__(self,old_app):
self.wsgi_app = old_app.wsgi_app
def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
print('123')
result = self.wsgi_app(*args, **kwargs)
print('456')
return result
app.wsgi_app = MyMiddleware(app)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
2.当app_ctx被push到local中栈之后，会触发appcontext_pushed信号，之前注册在这个信号中的方法，就会被执行。
from flask import Flask,render_template
from flask import signals
app = Flask(__name__)
@signals.appcontext_pushed.connect
def f1(arg):
print('appcontext_pushed信号f1被触发',arg)
@signals.appcontext_pushed.connect
def f2(arg):
print('appcontext_pushed信号f2被触发',arg)
@app.route('/index')
def index():
return render_template('index.html')
@app.route('/order')
def order():
return render_template('order.html')
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
# app.__call__
3.执行before_first_request扩展
from flask import Flask,render_template
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.before_first_request
def f2():
print('before_first_requestf2被触发')
@app.route('/index')
def index():
return render_template('index.html')
@app.route('/order')
def order():
return render_template('order.html')
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
4.request_started信号
from flask import Flask,render_template
from flask import signals
app = Flask(__name__)
@signals.request_started.connect
def f3(arg):
print('request_started信号被触发',arg)
@app.route('/index')
def index():
return render_template('index.html')
@app.route('/order')
def order():
return render_template('order.html')
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
5.url_value_processor
from flask import Flask,render_template,g
from flask import signals
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.url_value_preprocessor
def f5(endpoint,args):
print('f5')
@app.route('/index/')
def index():
print('index')
return render_template('index.html')
@app.route('/order')
def order():
print('order')
return render_template('order.html')
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
6.before_reuqest
from flask import Flask,render_template,g
from flask import signals
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.before_request
def f6():
g.xx = 123
print('f6')
@app.route('/index/')
def index():
print('index')
return render_template('index.html')
@app.route('/order')
def order():
print('order')
return render_template('order.html')
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
视图函数
7.before_render_template / rendered_template
from flask import Flask,render_template,g
from flask import signals
app = Flask(__name__)
@signals.before_render_template.connect
def f7(app, template, context):
print('f7')
@signals.template_rendered.connect
def f8(app, template, context):
print('f8')
@app.route('/index/')
def index():
return render_template('index.html')
@app.route('/order')
def order():
print('order')
return render_template('order.html')
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
8.after_request
from flask import Flask,render_template,g
from flask import signals
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.after_request
def f9(response):
print('f9')
return response
@app.route('/index/')
def index():
return render_template('index.html')
@app.route('/order')
def order():
print('order')
return render_template('order.html')
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
9.request_finished
from flask import Flask,render_template,g
from flask import signals
app = Flask(__name__)
@signals.request_finished.connect
def f10(app,response):
print('f10')
@app.route('/index/')
def index():
return render_template('index.html')
@app.route('/order')
def order():
print('order')
return render_template('order.html')
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
10.got_request_exception
from flask import Flask,render_template,g
from flask import signals
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.before_first_request
def test():
int('asdf')
@signals.got_request_exception.connect
def f11(app,exception):
print('f11')
@app.route('/index/')
def index():
return render_template('index.html')
@app.route('/order')
def order():
print('order')
return render_template('order.html')
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
11.teardown_request
from flask import Flask,render_template,g
from flask import signals
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.teardown_request
def f12(exc):
print('f12')
@app.route('/index/')
def index():
return render_template('index.html')
@app.route('/order')
def order():
print('order')
return render_template('order.html')
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
12.request_tearing_down
from flask import Flask,render_template,g
from flask import signals
app = Flask(__name__)
@signals.request_tearing_down.connect
def f13(app,exc):
print('f13')
@app.route('/index/')
def index():
return render_template('index.html')
@app.route('/order')
def order():
print('order')
return render_template('order.html')
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
13.appcontext_popped
from flask import Flask,render_template,g
from flask import signals
app = Flask(__name__)
@signals.appcontext_popped.connect
def f14(app):
print('f14')
@app.route('/index/')
def index():
return render_template('index.html')
@app.route('/order')
def order():
print('order')
return render_template('order.html')
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
总结：关于flask内部共有14+个扩展点用于我们对flask框架内部进行定制，其中有：9个是信号。
template_rendered = _signals.signal("template-rendered")
before_render_template = _signals.signal("before-render-template")
request_started = _signals.signal("request-started")
request_finished = _signals.signal("request-finished")
request_tearing_down = _signals.signal("request-tearing-down")
got_request_exception = _signals.signal("got-request-exception")
appcontext_tearing_down = _signals.signal("appcontext-tearing-down")
appcontext_pushed = _signals.signal("appcontext-pushed")
appcontext_popped = _signals.signal("appcontext-popped")
message_flashed = _signals.signal("message-flashed")