CentOS 中安装 mysql 5.7+

 参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/jimboi/p/6405560.html

1.下载rpm文件

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el6-9.noarch.rpm

[root@hadoop110 /]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el6-9.noarch.rpm--2019-01-02 18:11:58--  https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el6-9.noarch.rpm
正在解析主机 dev.mysql.com... 137.254.60.11
正在连接 dev.mysql.com|137.254.60.11|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 302 Found
位置：https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el6-9.noarch.rpm [跟随至新的 URL]
--2019-01-02 18:12:03--  https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el6-9.noarch.rpm
正在解析主机 repo.mysql.com... 23.76.232.185
正在连接 repo.mysql.com|23.76.232.185|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：9216 (9.0K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
正在保存至: “mysql57-community-release-el6-9.noarch.rpm”

100%[===================================================>] 9,216       --.-K/s   in 0s      

2019-01-02 18:12:04 (52.9 MB/s) - 已保存 “mysql57-community-release-el6-9.noarch.rpm” [9216/9216])

2.安装rpm包

rpm -Uvh mysql57-community-release-el6-9.noarch.rpm 

[root@hadoop110 /]# rpm -Uvh mysql57-community-release-el6-9.noarch.rpm 
warning: mysql57-community-release-el6-9.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:mysql57-community-relea########################################### [100%]

安装成功后，会在/etc/yum.repos.d/下面多几个mysql的包

[root@hadoop110 /]#  cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@hadoop110 yum.repos.d]# ll
总用量 40
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1991 5月  19 2016 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  647 5月  19 2016 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  289 5月  19 2016 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  630 5月  19 2016 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6259 5月  19 2016 CentOS-Vault.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  957 11月  5 2012 epel.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1056 11月  5 2012 epel-testing.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1414 9月  12 2016 mysql-community.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1440 9月  12 2016 mysql-community-source.repo

3.安装mysql (此过程需要时间)

yum install mysql-community-server

[root@hadoop110 /]# yum install mysql-community-server
已加载插件：fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
设置安装进程
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
epel/metalink                                                         | 7.5 kB     00:00     
 * base: mirrors.cqu.edu.cn
 * epel: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
base                                                                  | 3.7 kB     00:00     
epel                                                                  | 3.2 kB     00:00     
epel/primary                                                          | 3.2 MB     00:02     
epel                                                                             12507/12507
extras                                                                | 3.4 kB     00:00     
mysql-connectors-community                                            | 2.5 kB     00:00     
mysql-connectors-community/primary_db                                 |  27 kB     00:00     
mysql-tools-community                                                 | 2.5 kB     00:00     
mysql-tools-community/primary_db                                      |  45 kB     00:00     
mysql57-community                                                     | 2.5 kB     00:00     
mysql57-community/primary_db                                          | 164 kB     00:00     
updates                                                               | 3.4 kB     00:00     
解决依赖关系
--> 执行事务检查
---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.24-1.el6 will be 安装
--> 处理依赖关系 mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.24-1.el6，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-5.7.24-1.el6.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-5.7.24-1.el6.x86_64 需要
--> 执行事务检查
---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.24-1.el6 will be 安装
--> 处理依赖关系 mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.7.9，它被软件包 mysql-community-client-5.7.24-1.el6.x86_64 需要
---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.24-1.el6 will be 安装
--> 执行事务检查
---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.24-1.el6 will be obsoleting
---> Package mysql-libs.x86_64 0:5.1.73-7.el6 will be 取代
--> 处理依赖关系 libmysqlclient.so.16()(64bit)，它被软件包 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.x86_64 需要
--> 处理依赖关系 libmysqlclient.so.16(libmysqlclient_16)(64bit)，它被软件包 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.x86_64 需要
--> 执行事务检查
---> Package mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.24-1.el6 will be obsoleting
---> Package postfix.x86_64 2:2.6.6-6.el6_7.1 will be 升级
---> Package postfix.x86_64 2:2.6.6-8.el6 will be an update
--> 完成依赖关系计算

依赖关系解决

=============================================================================================
 软件包                          架构       版本                 仓库                   大小
=============================================================================================
正在安装:
 mysql-community-libs            x86_64     5.7.24-1.el6         mysql57-community     2.1 M
     replacing  mysql-libs.x86_64 5.1.73-7.el6
 mysql-community-libs-compat     x86_64     5.7.24-1.el6         mysql57-community     1.6 M
     replacing  mysql-libs.x86_64 5.1.73-7.el6
 mysql-community-server          x86_64     5.7.24-1.el6         mysql57-community     153 M
为依赖而安装:
 mysql-community-client          x86_64     5.7.24-1.el6         mysql57-community      23 M
 mysql-community-common          x86_64     5.7.24-1.el6         mysql57-community     332 k
为依赖而更新:
 postfix                         x86_64     2:2.6.6-8.el6        base                  2.0 M

事务概要
=============================================================================================
Install       5 Package(s)
Upgrade       1 Package(s)

总下载量：182 M
确定吗？[y/N]：y
下载软件包：
(1/6): mysql-community-client-5.7.24-1.el6.x86_64.rpm                 |  23 MB     00:42     
(2/6): mysql-community-common-5.7.24-1.el6.x86_64.rpm                 | 332 kB     00:00     
(3/6): mysql-community-libs-5.7.24-1.el6.x86_64.rpm                   | 2.1 MB     00:03     
(4/6): mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.24-1.el6.x86_64.rpm            | 1.6 MB     00:02     
(5/6): mysql-community-server-5.7.24-1.el6.x86_64.rpm                 | 153 MB     04:41     
(6/6): postfix-2.6.6-8.el6.x86_64.rpm                                 | 2.0 MB     00:01     
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计                                                         559 kB/s | 182 MB     05:33     
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
 Userid : MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>
 Package: mysql57-community-release-el6-9.noarch (installed)
 From   : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
确定吗？[y/N]：y
运行 rpm_check_debug 
执行事务测试
事务测试成功
执行事务
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
  正在安装   : mysql-community-common-5.7.24-1.el6.x86_64                                1/8 
  正在安装   : mysql-community-libs-5.7.24-1.el6.x86_64                                  2/8 
  正在安装   : mysql-community-client-5.7.24-1.el6.x86_64                                3/8 
  正在安装   : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.24-1.el6.x86_64                           4/8 
  正在升级   : 2:postfix-2.6.6-8.el6.x86_64                                              5/8 
  正在安装   : mysql-community-server-5.7.24-1.el6.x86_64                                6/8 
  清理       : 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.x86_64                                          7/8 
  正在删除   : mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64                                            8/8 
  Verifying  : 2:postfix-2.6.6-8.el6.x86_64                                              1/8 
  Verifying  : mysql-community-common-5.7.24-1.el6.x86_64                                2/8 
  Verifying  : mysql-community-server-5.7.24-1.el6.x86_64                                3/8 
  Verifying  : mysql-community-client-5.7.24-1.el6.x86_64                                4/8 
  Verifying  : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.24-1.el6.x86_64                           5/8 
  Verifying  : mysql-community-libs-5.7.24-1.el6.x86_64                                  6/8 
  Verifying  : mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64                                            7/8 
  Verifying  : 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.x86_64                                          8/8 

已安装:
  mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.24-1.el6                                                 
  mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.24-1.el6                                          
  mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.24-1.el6                                               

作为依赖被安装:
  mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.24-1.el6  mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.24-1.el6 

作为依赖被升级:
  postfix.x86_64 2:2.6.6-8.el6                                                               

替代:
  mysql-libs.x86_64 0:5.1.73-7.el6                                                           

完毕！

4.开启mysql服务

[root@hadoop110 /]# service mysqld start
初始化 MySQL 数据库：                                      [失败]
[root@hadoop110 /]# service mysqld start
正在启动 mysqld：                                          [确定] //正常启动

5.mysql安装完成会创建临时默认的超级用户，密码存储在/var/log/mysqld.log，命令查看密码：

grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

[root@hadoop110 /]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2019-01-02T10:37:02.765238Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 7?0?dyl3Uduj       (密码)

6.使用默认用户'root'@'localhost'登录数据库并且修改密码：

[root@hadoop110 /]#  mysql -u root -p 

[root@hadoop110 /]#  mysql -u root -p 
Enter password: （上面的密码）
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.24

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

修改密码：

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

注意：如果出现错误提示：

ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements

这个是因为密码过于简单，密码必须符合长度，包含数字、大写小写字母、特殊字符。

7.开启远程连接
 　　   1）.设置防火墙iptables开放3306接口
　　　　　　在/etc/sysconfig下面有个iptables文件，在倒数第二行添加端口就可以

在控制台输入：
iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

[root@hadoop110 /]# iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

  　　   2）.然后进行保存：

[root@hadoop110 /]# service iptables save
iptables：将防火墙规则保存到 /etc/sysconfig/iptables：     [确定]

　　更新防火墙规则：service iptables restart
　　删除：iptables -D INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

8.修改mysql权限，将localhost修改为%
  1).登录mysql

 mysql -u root -p 

2).登录到 mysql 这个表

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed

  3)..将root的host修改为%

mysql> update user set host = '%' where user ='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

4).重新加载权限

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

5).输入：

mysql> select host,user from user where user='root';
+------+------+
| host | user |
+------+------+
| %    | root |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

9.Navicat 远程连接