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  • 基础03-子查询,分页查询

    #进阶7:子查询
    /*
    含义:
    出现在其他语句中的select语句,称为子查询或内查询
    外部的查询语句,称为主查询或外查询
    
    分类:
    按子查询出现的位置:
        select后面:
            仅仅支持标量子查询
        
        from后面:
            支持表子查询
        where或having后面:★
            标量子查询(单行) √
            列子查询  (多行) √
            
            行子查询
            
        exists后面(相关子查询)
            表子查询
    按结果集的行列数不同:
        标量子查询(结果集只有一行一列)
        列子查询(结果集只有一列多行)
        行子查询(结果集有一行多列)
        表子查询(结果集一般为多行多列)
    
    
    
    */
    
    
    #一、where或having后面
    /*
    1、标量子查询(单行子查询)
    2、列子查询(多行子查询)
    
    3、行子查询(多列多行)
    
    特点:
    ①子查询放在小括号内
    ②子查询一般放在条件的右侧
    ③标量子查询,一般搭配着单行操作符使用
    > < >= <= = <>
    
    列子查询,一般搭配着多行操作符使用
    in、any/some、all
    
    ④子查询的执行优先于主查询执行,主查询的条件用到了子查询的结果
    
    */
    #1.标量子查询★
    
    #案例1:谁的工资比 Abel 高?
    
    #①查询Abel的工资
    SELECT salary
    FROM employees
    WHERE last_name = 'Abel'
    
    #②查询员工的信息,满足 salary>①结果
    SELECT *
    FROM employees
    WHERE salary>(
    
        SELECT salary
        FROM employees
        WHERE last_name = 'Abel'
    
    );
    
    #案例2:返回job_id与141号员工相同,salary比143号员工多的员工 姓名,job_id 和工资
    
    #①查询141号员工的job_id
    SELECT job_id
    FROM employees
    WHERE employee_id = 141
    
    #②查询143号员工的salary
    SELECT salary
    FROM employees
    WHERE employee_id = 143
    
    #③查询员工的姓名,job_id 和工资,要求job_id=①并且salary>SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
    FROM employees
    WHERE job_id = (
        SELECT job_id
        FROM employees
        WHERE employee_id = 141
    ) AND salary>(
        SELECT salary
        FROM employees
        WHERE employee_id = 143
    
    );
    
    
    #案例3:返回公司工资最少的员工的last_name,job_id和salary
    
    #①查询公司的 最低工资
    SELECT MIN(salary)
    FROM employees
    
    #②查询last_name,job_id和salary,要求salary=SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
    FROM employees
    WHERE salary=(
        SELECT MIN(salary)
        FROM employees
    );
    
    
    #案例4:查询最低工资大于50号部门最低工资的部门id和其最低工资
    
    #①查询50号部门的最低工资
    SELECT  MIN(salary)
    FROM employees
    WHERE department_id = 50
    
    #②查询每个部门的最低工资
    
    SELECT MIN(salary),department_id
    FROM employees
    GROUP BY department_id
    
    #③ 在②基础上筛选,满足min(salary)>SELECT MIN(salary),department_id
    FROM employees
    GROUP BY department_id
    HAVING MIN(salary)>(
        SELECT  MIN(salary)
        FROM employees
        WHERE department_id = 50
    
    
    );
    
    #非法使用标量子查询
    
    SELECT MIN(salary),department_id
    FROM employees
    GROUP BY department_id
    HAVING MIN(salary)>(
        SELECT  salary
        FROM employees
        WHERE department_id = 250
    
    
    );
    
    
    
    #2.列子查询(多行子查询)★
    #案例1:返回location_id是1400或1700的部门中的所有员工姓名
    
    #①查询location_id是1400或1700的部门编号
    SELECT DISTINCT department_id
    FROM departments
    WHERE location_id IN(1400,1700)
    
    #②查询员工姓名,要求部门号是①列表中的某一个
    -- <>all和not in 下面答案求的是反的。
    SELECT last_name
    FROM employees
    WHERE department_id  <>ALL(
        SELECT DISTINCT department_id
        FROM departments
        WHERE location_id IN(1400,1700)
    
    
    );
    
    
    #案例2:返回其它工种中比job_id为‘IT_PROG’工种任一工资低的员工的员工号、姓名、job_id 以及salary
    
    #①查询job_id为‘IT_PROG’部门任一工资
    
    SELECT DISTINCT salary
    FROM employees
    WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
    
    #②查询员工号、姓名、job_id 以及salary,salary<(①)的任意一个
    SELECT last_name,employee_id,job_id,salary
    FROM employees
    WHERE salary<ANY(
        SELECT DISTINCT salary
        FROM employees
        WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
    
    ) AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';
    
    #或
    SELECT last_name,employee_id,job_id,salary
    FROM employees
    WHERE salary<(
        SELECT MAX(salary)
        FROM employees
        WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
    
    ) AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';
    
    
    #案例3:返回其它部门中比job_id为‘IT_PROG’部门所有工资都低的员工   的员工号、姓名、job_id 以及salary
    
    SELECT last_name,employee_id,job_id,salary
    FROM employees
    WHERE salary<ALL(
        SELECT DISTINCT salary
        FROM employees
        WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
    
    ) AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';
    
    #或
    
    SELECT last_name,employee_id,job_id,salary
    FROM employees
    WHERE salary<(
        SELECT MIN( salary)
        FROM employees
        WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
    
    ) AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';
    
    
    
    #3、行子查询(结果集一行多列或多行多列)
    
    #案例:查询员工编号最小并且工资最高的员工信息
    
    
    
    SELECT * 
    FROM employees
    WHERE (employee_id,salary)=(
        SELECT MIN(employee_id),MAX(salary)
        FROM employees
    );
    
    #①查询最小的员工编号
    SELECT MIN(employee_id)
    FROM employees
    
    
    #②查询最高工资
    SELECT MAX(salary)
    FROM employees
    
    
    #③查询员工信息
    SELECT *
    FROM employees
    WHERE employee_id=(
        SELECT MIN(employee_id)
        FROM employees
    
    
    )AND salary=(
        SELECT MAX(salary)
        FROM employees
    
    );
    
    
    #二、select后面
    /*
    仅仅支持标量子查询
    */
    
    #案例:查询每个部门的员工个数
    
    
    SELECT d.*,(
    
        SELECT COUNT(*)
        FROM employees e
        WHERE e.department_id = d.`department_id`
     ) 个数
     FROM departments d;
     
     
     #案例2:查询员工号=102的部门名
     
    SELECT (
        SELECT department_name,e.department_id
        FROM departments d
        INNER JOIN employees e
        ON d.department_id=e.department_id
        WHERE e.employee_id=102
        
    ) 部门名;
    
    
    
    #三、from后面
    /*
    将子查询结果充当一张表,要求必须起别名
    */
    
    #案例:查询每个部门的平均工资的工资等级
    #①查询每个部门的平均工资
    SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
    FROM employees
    GROUP BY department_id
    
    
    SELECT * FROM job_grades;
    
    
    #②连接①的结果集和job_grades表,筛选条件平均工资 between lowest_sal and highest_sal
    
    SELECT  ag_dep.*,g.`grade_level`
    FROM (
        SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
        FROM employees
        GROUP BY department_id
    ) ag_dep
    INNER JOIN job_grades g
    ON ag_dep.ag BETWEEN lowest_sal AND highest_sal;
    
    
    
    #四、exists后面(相关子查询)
    
    /*
    语法:
    exists(完整的查询语句)
    结果:
    1或0
    
    
    
    */
    
    SELECT EXISTS(SELECT employee_id FROM employees WHERE salary=300000);
    
    #案例1:查询有员工的部门名
    
    #in
    SELECT department_name
    FROM departments d
    WHERE d.`department_id` IN(
        SELECT department_id
        FROM employees
    
    )
    
    #exists
    
    SELECT department_name
    FROM departments d
    WHERE EXISTS(
        SELECT *
        FROM employees e
        WHERE d.`department_id`=e.`department_id`
    
    
    );
    
    
    #案例2:查询没有女朋友的男神信息
    
    #in
    
    SELECT bo.*
    FROM boys bo
    WHERE bo.id NOT IN(
        SELECT boyfriend_id
        FROM beauty
    )
    
    #exists
    SELECT bo.*
    FROM boys bo
    WHERE NOT EXISTS(
        SELECT boyfriend_id
        FROM beauty b
        WHERE bo.`id`=b.`boyfriend_id`
    
    );
    进阶7:子查询
    #进阶8:分页查询 ★
    /*
    
    应用场景:当要显示的数据,一页显示不全,需要分页提交sql请求
    语法:
        select 查询列表
        from 表
        【join type join 表2
        on 连接条件
        where 筛选条件
        group by 分组字段
        having 分组后的筛选
        order by 排序的字段】
        limit 【offset,】size;
        
        offset要显示条目的起始索引(起始索引从0开始)
        size 要显示的条目个数
    特点:
        ①limit语句放在查询语句的最后
        ②公式
        要显示的页数 page,每页的条目数size
        
        select 查询列表
        from 表
        limit (page-1)*size,size;
        
        size=10
        page  
        1    0
        2      10
        3    20
        
    */
    #案例1:查询前五条员工信息
    
    
    SELECT * FROM  employees LIMIT 0,5;
    SELECT * FROM  employees LIMIT 5;
    
    
    #案例2:查询第11条——第25条
    SELECT * FROM  employees LIMIT 10,15;
    
    
    #案例3:有奖金的员工信息,并且工资较高的前10名显示出来
    SELECT 
        * 
    FROM
        employees 
    WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL 
    ORDER BY salary DESC 
    LIMIT 10 ;
    进阶8:分页查询
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhuxiang1029/p/12806152.html
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