微信服务号消息推送

一，登陆微信公众测试平台

　　https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandbox?t=sandbox/login

　　a.拿到测试账号信息

　　

　　b.扫描关注测试账号

　   　

　　c.设置回调地址，需要有服务器资源才可以接收到消息

　　

二，创建Django项目进行测试

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from api import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^login/$', views.login),
    url(r'^bind/$', views.bind),
    url(r'^bind_qcode/$', views.bind_qcode),
    url(r'^callback/$', views.callback),
    url(r'^sendmsg/$', views.sendmsg),
]

import json
import functools
import requests
from django.conf import settings
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, HttpResponse
from django.http import JsonResponse
from api import models


# 沙箱环境地质：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandbox?t=sandbox/login
def index(request):
    obj = models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=1)
    return render(request, 'index.html', {'obj': obj})


def auth(func):
    @functools.wraps(func)
    def inner(request, *args, **kwargs):
        user_info = request.session.get('user_info')
        if not user_info:
            return redirect('/login/')
        return func(request, *args, **kwargs)

    return inner


def login(request):
    """
    用户登录
    :param request:
    :return:
    """
    # models.UserInfo.objects.create(username='luffy',password=123)

    if request.method == "POST":
        user = request.POST.get('user')
        pwd = request.POST.get('pwd')
        obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=user, password=pwd).first()
        if obj:
            request.session['user_info'] = {'id': obj.id, 'name': obj.username, 'uid': obj.uid}
            return redirect('/bind/')
    else:
        return render(request, 'login.html')


@auth
def bind(request):
    """
    用户登录后，关注公众号，并绑定个人微信（用于以后消息推送）
    :param request:
    :return:
    """
    return render(request, 'bind.html')


@auth
def bind_qcode(request):
    """
    生成二维码
    :param request:
    :return:
    """
    ret = {'code': 1000}
    try:
        access_url = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid={appid}&redirect_uri={redirect_uri}&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_userinfo&state={state}#wechat_redirect"
        access_url = access_url.format(
            appid=settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["app_id"],  # 'wx8c2fa5dcf5d92873',
            redirect_uri=settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["redirect_uri"],  # 'http://127.0.0.1/callback/',
            state=request.session['user_info']['uid']  # 为当前用户生成MD5值
        )
        ret['data'] = access_url
    except Exception as e:
        ret['code'] = 1001
        ret['msg'] = str(e)

    return JsonResponse(ret)


def callback(request):
    """
    用户在手机微信上扫码后，微信自动调用该方法。
    用于获取扫码用户的唯一ID，以后用于给他推送消息。
    :param request:
    :return:
    """
    code = request.GET.get("code")

    # 用户md5值
    state = request.GET.get("state")

    # 获取该用户openId(用户唯一，用于给用户发送消息)
    res = requests.get(
        url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token",
        params={
            "appid": 'wx89085e915d351cae',
            "secret": '64f87abfc664f1d4f11d0ac98b24c42d',
            "code": code,
            "grant_type": 'authorization_code',
        }
    ).json()
    # 获取的到openid表示用户授权成功
    openid = res.get("openid")
    if openid:
        models.UserInfo.objects.filter(uid=state).update(wx_id=openid)
        response = "<h1>授权成功 %s </h1>" % openid
    else:
        response = "<h1>用户扫码之后，手机上的提示</h1>"
    return HttpResponse(response)


def sendmsg(request):
    def get_access_token():
        """
        获取微信全局接口的凭证(默认有效期俩个小时)
        如果不每天请求次数过多, 通过设置缓存即可
        """
        result = requests.get(
            url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token",
            params={
                "grant_type": "client_credential",
                "appid": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['app_id'],
                "secret": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['appsecret'],
            }
        ).json()
        if result.get("access_token"):
            access_token = result.get('access_token')
        else:
            access_token = None
        return access_token

    access_token = get_access_token()

    openid = models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=1).wx_id

    def send_custom_msg():
        """发送普通消息"""
        body = {
            "touser": openid,
            "msgtype": "text",
            "text": {
                "content": 'hello'
            }
        }
        response = requests.post(
            url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/custom/send",
            params={
                'access_token': access_token
            },
            data=bytes(json.dumps(body, ensure_ascii=False), encoding='utf-8')
        )
        # 这里可根据回执code进行判定是否发送成功(也可以根据code根据错误信息)
        result = response.json()
        return result

    def send_template_msg():
        """
        发送模版消息
        """
        res = requests.post(
            url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send",
            params={
                'access_token': access_token
            },
            json={
                "touser": openid,
                "template_id": 'sQHb_6WoMbFSleTEKYhBl1_RQ5w2iq1bz53vFRf_rjk',   # 模版id
                "data": {
                    "first": {
                        "value": "hello",
                        "color": "#173177"
                    },
                    "keyword1": {
                        "value": "美女",
                        "color": "#173177"
                    },
                }
            }
        )
        result = res.json()
        return result

    result = send_template_msg()    # 模板消息
    # result = send_custom_msg()      # 普通消息

    if result.get('errcode') == 0:
        return HttpResponse('发送成功')
    return HttpResponse('发送失败')

import hashlib
from django.db import models


class UserInfo(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField("用户名", max_length=64, unique=True)
    password = models.CharField("密码", max_length=64)
    uid = models.CharField(verbose_name='个人唯一ID', max_length=64, unique=True)
    wx_id = models.CharField(verbose_name="微信ID", max_length=128, blank=True, null=True, db_index=True)

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # 创建用户时，为用户自动生成个人唯一ID
        if not self.pk:
            m = hashlib.md5()
            m.update(self.username.encode(encoding="utf-8"))
            self.uid = m.hexdigest()
        super(UserInfo, self).save(*args, **kwargs)

# ############# 微信 ##############
WECHAT_CONFIG = {
    'app_id': 'wx8c2fa5dcf5d92873',
    'appsecret': 'bd122291fa7bb9411ddb1290aa296821',
    'redirect_uri': 'http://127.0.0.1/callback/',
}

templates文件

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
</head>
<body>
    <h1>{{ obj.username }} -> {{ obj.wx_id }}</h1>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/login/" method="post">
        {% csrf_token %}
        <input type="text" name="user" placeholder="用户名">
        <input type="password" name="pwd" placeholder="密码">
        <input type="submit" value="登录">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

{% load staticfiles %}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div style=" 600px;margin: 0 auto">
    <h1>并绑定个人用户（用于以后的消息提醒）</h1>
    <div>
        <h3>第一步：微信服务测试号</h3>
        <img style="height: 100px; 100px" src="{% static "img/wechat.jpg" %}">
    </div>
    <input type="button" value="下一步【获取绑定二维码】" onclick="getBindUserQcode()">
    <div>
        <h3>第二步：绑定个人账户</h3>
        <div id="qrcode" style=" 250px;height: 250px;background-color: white;margin: 100px auto;"></div>
    </div>
</div>
<script src="{% static "js/jquery.min.js" %}"></script>
<script src="{% static "js/jquery.qrcode.min.js" %}"></script>
<script src="{% static "js/qrcode.js" %}"></script>
<script>
    function getBindUserQcode() {
        $.ajax({
            url: '/bind_qcode/',
            type: 'GET',
            success: function (result) {
                console.log(result);
                $('#qrcode').empty().qrcode({text: result.data});
            }
        });
    }
</script>

</body>
</html>

三，发送模板消息

a.在测试平台添加模板信息

　　

b.配置模板消息　　

    def send_template_msg():
        """
        发送模版消息
        """
        res = requests.post(
            url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send",
            params={
                'access_token': access_token
            },
            json={
                "touser": openid,
                "template_id": 'sQHb_6WoMbFSleTEKYhBl1_RQ5w2iq1bz53vFRf_rjk',   # 模版id
                "data": {
                    "first": {
                        "value": "hello",
                        "color": "#173177"
                    },
                    "keyword1": {
                        "value": "美女",
                        "color": "#173177"
                    },
                }
            }
        )
        result = res.json()
        return result

    result = send_template_msg()    # 模板消息