[游戏模版12] Win32 稳定定时

>_<:The last time,we learned how to use timer to make the picture run and change show,but sometimes the time may have a little change,for example when you move the window or do other things the frequency may be effected.And now we will talk about how to get a stable timer.

>_<:Actually it's not difficult,only need to calculate the difference between successive two times painting.If find the difference bigger than a seted time value,do a new painting.

while (msg.message!=WM_QUIT) //不是窗口结束消息WM_QUIT,则继续循环
{
    if(PeekMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0,PM_REMOVE))//PeekMessage()函数来检测目前是否有消息处理(检测到0，否则1)
    {                                       //------------|不能用GetMassage()换，因为它只有取得WM_QUIT时才返回0，其他返回非0，错误返回-1
        TranslateMessage(&msg);//转换伪码及字符
        DispatchMessage(&msg);//将控制权交给系统，再有系统决定负责处理消息的程序；

    }
    else//当此次循环运行与上次绘图时间相差0.1秒时再进行重绘操作
    {
        tNow=GetTickCount();//取得从开始到现在运行的时间百万分之一秒
        if(tNow-tPre>=100)MyPaint(hdc);    //tPre前次绘图的时间；计算上次绘图到这次循环之间的时间
    }                                   //------------|若相差100个单位进行一次绘图操作，通过这
}                                       //------------|个操作可以调整运行快慢

>_<:code

// stdafx.h : include file for standard system include files,
//  or project specific include files that are used frequently, but
//      are changed infrequently
//

#if !defined(AFX_STDAFX_H__A9DB83DB_A9FD_11D0_BFD1_444553540000__INCLUDED_)
#define AFX_STDAFX_H__A9DB83DB_A9FD_11D0_BFD1_444553540000__INCLUDED_

#if _MSC_VER > 1000
#pragma once
#endif // _MSC_VER > 1000

#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN        // Exclude rarely-used stuff from Windows headers


// Windows Header Files:
#include <windows.h>

// C RunTime Header Files
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <memory.h>
#include <tchar.h>

// Local Header Files

// TODO: reference additional headers your program requires here

//{{AFX_INSERT_LOCATION}}
// Microsoft Visual C++ will insert additional declarations immediately before the previous line.

#endif // !defined(AFX_STDAFX_H__A9DB83DB_A9FD_11D0_BFD1_444553540000__INCLUDED_)

//{{NO_DEPENDENCIES}}
// Microsoft Visual C++ generated include file.
// Used by FE.RC
//
#define IDR_MAINFRAME                    128
#define IDD_FE_DIALOG        102
#define IDD_ABOUTBOX                    103
#define IDS_APP_TITLE                    103
#define IDM_ABOUT                        104
#define IDM_EXIT                        105
#define IDS_HELLO                        106
#define IDI_FE                107
#define IDI_SMALL                        108
#define IDC_FE                109
#define IDC_MYICON                        2
#define IDC_STATIC                        -1
// Next default values for new objects
//
#ifdef APSTUDIO_INVOKED
#ifndef APSTUDIO_READONLY_SYMBOLS

#define _APS_NEXT_RESOURCE_VALUE        129
#define _APS_NEXT_COMMAND_VALUE         32771
#define _APS_NEXT_CONTROL_VALUE         1000
#define _APS_NEXT_SYMED_VALUE           110
#endif
#endif

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "resourse.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "time.h"

#define MAX_LOADSTRING 100

// Global Variables:
HINSTANCE hInst;                                // current instance
TCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING];                                // The title bar text
TCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING];                                // The title bar text
HBITMAP girl[12];
HDC mdc,hdc;
HWND hWnd;
DWORD tPre,tNow,tCheck;//tPre记录上一次绘图的时间,tNow记录此次绘图的时间，tCheck记录每秒开始的时间
int num,frame,fps;//num用来记录图号，frame累加每次画面更新的次数，fps记录每秒画面更新的次数

// Foward declarations of functions included in this code module:
ATOM                MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
BOOL                InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int);
LRESULT CALLBACK    WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
LRESULT CALLBACK    About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
void                MyPaint(HDC hdc);
//========================================================================================
int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
                     HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                     LPSTR     lpCmdLine,
                     int       nCmdShow)
{
     // TODO: Place code here.
    MSG msg;

    MyRegisterClass(hInstance);//调用函数向系统注册窗口类别，输入参数hInstance是目前运行程序的对象代码；

    // 调用InitInstance函数，进行初始化操作；
    if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow))
    {
        return FALSE;
    }

    // 消息循环（通过消息循环来获取信息，
    //进行必要的键盘信息转换而后将控制权交给操作系统，
    //有操作系统决定哪个程序的消息处理函数处理消息
    while (msg.message!=WM_QUIT) //不是窗口结束消息WM_QUIT,则继续循环
    {
        if(PeekMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0,PM_REMOVE))//PeekMessage()函数来检测目前是否有消息处理(检测到0，否则1)
        {                                       //------------|不能用GetMassage()换，因为它只有取得WM_QUIT时才返回0，其他返回非0，错误返回-1
            TranslateMessage(&msg);//转换伪码及字符
            DispatchMessage(&msg);//将控制权交给系统，再有系统决定负责处理消息的程序；

        }
        else//当此次循环运行与上次绘图时间相差0.1秒时再进行重绘操作
        {
            tNow=GetTickCount();//取得从开始到现在运行的时间百万分之一秒
            if(tNow-tPre>=100)MyPaint(hdc);    //tPre前次绘图的时间；计算上次绘图到这次循环之间的时间
        }                                   //------------|若相差100个单位进行一次绘图操作，通过这
    }                                       //------------|个操作可以调整运行快慢

    return msg.wParam;
}
//=====================================================================================



//=============================================================================================
//在建立程序窗口实体之前，必须先定义一个窗口类别，其中包含所要建立窗口的信息，
//并向系统注册，这里的MyRegisterClass函数就是进行定义及注册窗口类别的函数。
//==============================================================================================
ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
    WNDCLASSEX wcex;            //申请一个窗口类别“WNDCLASSEX”和结构”wcex“
                                //--------------------------------------------------------------
                                //定义vcex结构的各项信息，其中设定信息处理函数（lpfnWndProc）
                                //为WNDPROC，类别名称为（lpszClassName）为”fe";
                                //--------------------------------------------------------------
    wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);

    wcex.style            = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wcex.lpfnWndProc    = (WNDPROC)WndProc;
    wcex.cbClsExtra        = 0;
    wcex.cbWndExtra        = 0;
    wcex.hInstance        = hInstance;
    wcex.hIcon            = NULL;
    wcex.hCursor        = NULL;
    wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(NULL,IDC_ARROW);
    wcex.hbrBackground    = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
    wcex.lpszMenuName    = NULL;
    wcex.lpszClassName    = "fe";
    wcex.hIconSm        = NULL;

    return RegisterClassEx(&wcex);//调用RegisterClassEx函数注册类别，返回一个“ATOM"形态的字符串
                                  //此字符串即为类别名称”fe";
}
//============================================================================================


//============================================================================================
//按照前面所定义的窗口类别来建立并显示实际的程序窗口
//============================================================================================
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)
{
   HWND hWnd;
   char filename[20]="";
   int i;
   hInst = hInstance; // 把instance handle 储存在全局变量中；

   hWnd = CreateWindow("fe","绘图窗口",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
      CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);
                      //-----------------------------------------------
                      //调用CreateWindow函数来建立一个窗口对象
                      //第一个参数就是窗口建立依据的类别名称
                      //-----------------------------------------------
   if (!hWnd)
   {
      return FALSE;
   }
   //------------------------------------------------
   //设定窗口的位置及窗口的大小，然后绘制显示在设备上
   //-------------------------------------------------
   MoveWindow(hWnd,10,10,616,440,true);//位置及大小
   ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);//改定窗口显示时的状态
   UpdateWindow(hWnd);//将窗口绘制在显示设备上

   hdc=GetDC(hWnd);
   mdc=CreateCompatibleDC(hdc);

   for(i=0;i<12;i++)
   {
       sprintf(filename,"map%d.bmp",i);
       girl[i]=(HBITMAP)LoadImage(NULL,filename,IMAGE_BITMAP,50,50,LR_LOADFROMFILE);
   }

   num=0;
   SetTimer(hWnd,1,100,NULL);
   srand((unsigned)time(NULL));

   MyPaint(hdc);

   return TRUE;
}
//============================================================================================


//============================================================================================
//计算与显示每秒画面更新次数
//按照图号顺序进行窗口贴图
//============================================================================================
void MyPaint(HDC hdc)
{
    char str[40]="";

    frame++;//每次调用这个函数将更新次数加1
    if(tNow-tCheck>=100)//判断此次绘图时间由前一秒算起是否已经达到1秒钟的时间间隔
    {
        fps=frame;//若是，将目前的frame付值给fps(这段时间内更新次数）
        frame=0;//归零
        tCheck=tNow;//并重设下一次起始时间
    }
    sprintf(str,"%d ",fps);
    TextOut(mdc,40,0,str,strlen(str));
    for(int j=0;j<96;j++)
    {
        SelectObject(mdc,girl[ rand()%12]);
        BitBlt(hdc,50*(j%12),j/12*50,650,450,mdc,0,0,SRCCOPY);
    }

    tPre=GetTickCount();//记录此次绘图的时间
}
//============================================================================================


//============================================================================================
//在前面定义类别的时候把WndProc定义为消息处理函数（当某些外部消息发生时，会按消息的类型
//来决定该如何进行处理。此外该函数也是一个回叫函数（CALLBACK)（windows系统函数）每一个
//程序都会接收信息，选择性接受、处理；
//============================================================================================
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    int i;

    switch (message)                   //判断消息类型,不是WM_QUIT，则循环结束，否则则进行循环
    {
        case WM_TIMER:                //时间消息
            MyPaint(hdc);
            break;
        case WM_DESTROY:              //处理窗口结束消息
            DeleteDC(mdc);
            ReleaseDC(hWnd,hdc);
            for(i=0;i<12;i++)
                DeleteObject(girl[i]);
            KillTimer(hWnd,1);
            PostQuitMessage(0);
            break;
        default:
            return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
   }
   return 0;
}
//============================================================================================