图解流程图
SpringMVC执行流程
- 用户发送请求至前端控制器 DispatcherServlet
- DispatcherServlet 收到请求调用处理器映射器 HandlerMapping。
- 处理器映射器根据请求url找到具体的处理器，生成处理器执行链 HandlerExecutionChain(包括处理器对象和处理器拦截器)一并返回给 DispatcherServlet。
- DispatcherServlet 根据处理器 Handler 获取处理器适配器 HandlerAdapter 执行 HandlerAdapter 处理一系列的操作，如：参数封装，数据格式转换，数据验证等操作
- 执行处理器 Handler(Controller，也叫页面控制器)。
- Handler 执行完成返回 ModelAndView
- HandlerAdapter 将 Handler 执行结果 ModelAndView 返回到 DispatcherServlet
- DispatcherServlet 将 ModelAndView 传给 ViewReslover 视图解析器
- ViewReslover 解析后返回具体View
- DispatcherServlet 对View进行渲染视图（即将模型数据model填充至视图中）。
- DispatcherServle t响应用户。
其他说法
常用的组件
- SpringMVC中的Servlet一共有三个层次，分别是HttpServletBean、FrameworkServlet和 DispatcherServlet。
- HttpServletBean直接继承自java的HttpServlet，其作用是将Servlet中配置的参数设置到相应的属性；
1. HandlerMapping
- 是用来查找Handler的。在SpringMVC中会有很多请求，每个请求都需要一个Handler处理，具体接收到一个请求之后使用哪个Handler进行处理呢？这就是HandlerMapping需要做的事。
2. HandlerAdapter
- 从名字上看，它就是一个适配器。因为SpringMVC中的Handler可以是任意的形式，只要能处理请求就ok，但是Servlet需要的处理方法的结构却是固定的，都是以request和response为参数的方法。如何让固定的Servlet处理方法调用灵活的Handler来进行处理呢？这就是HandlerAdapter要做的事情。
小结：Handler是用来干活的工具；HandlerMapping用于根据需要干的活找到相应的工具；HandlerAdapter是使用工具干活的人。
3. HandlerExceptionResolver
- 其它组件都是用来干活的。在干活的过程中难免会出现问题，出问题后怎么办呢？这就需要有一个专门的角色对异常情况进行处理，在SpringMVC中就是HandlerExceptionResolver。具体来说，此组件的作用是根据异常设置ModelAndView，之后再交给render方法进行渲染。
4. ViewResolver
- ViewResolver用来将String类型的视图名和Locale解析为View类型的视图。View是用来渲染页面的，也就是将程序返回的参数填入模板里，生成html（也可能是其它类型）文件。这里就有两个关键问题：使用哪个模板？用什么技术（规则）填入参数？这其实是ViewResolver主要要做的工作，ViewResolver需要找到渲染所用的模板和所用的技术（也就是视图的类型）进行渲染，具体的渲染过程则交由不同的视图自己完成。
5. RequestToViewNameTranslator
- ViewName是根据ViewName查找View，但有的Handler处理完后并没有设置View也没有设置ViewName，这时就需要从request获取ViewName了，如何从request中获取ViewName就是RequestToViewNameTranslator要做的事情了。RequestToViewNameTranslator在Spring MVC容器里只可以配置一个，所以所有request到ViewName的转换规则都要在一个Translator里面全部实现。
6. LocaleResolver
- 解析视图需要两个参数：一是视图名，另一个是Locale。视图名是处理器返回的，Locale是从哪里来的？这就是LocaleResolver要做的事情。LocaleResolver用于从request解析出Locale，Locale就是zh-cn之类，表示一个区域，有了这个就可以对不同区域的用户显示不同的结果。SpringMVC主要有两个地方用到了Locale：一是ViewResolver视图解析的时候；二是用到国际化资源或者主题的时候。
7. ThemeResolver
- 用于解析主题。SpringMVC中一个主题对应一个properties文件，里面存放着跟当前主题相关的所有资源、如图片、css样式等。SpringMVC的主题也支持国际化，同一个主题不同区域也可以显示不同的风格。SpringMVC中跟主题相关的类有 ThemeResolver、ThemeSource和Theme。主题是通过一系列资源来具体体现的，要得到一个主题的资源，首先要得到资源的名称，这是ThemeResolver的工作。然后通过主题名称找到对应的主题（可以理解为一个配置）文件，这是ThemeSource的工作。最后从主题中获取资源就可以了。
8. MultipartResolver
- 用于处理上传请求。处理方法是将普通的request包装成MultipartHttpServletRequest，后者可以直接调用getFile方法获取File，如果上传多个文件，还可以调用getFileMap得到FileName->File结构的Map。此组件中一共有三个方法，作用分别是判断是不是上传请求，将request包装成MultipartHttpServletRequest、处理完后清理上传过程中产生的临时资源。
9. FlashMapManager
- 用来管理FlashMap的，FlashMap主要用在redirect中传递参数。
SpringMVC执行流程
DispatcherServlet初始化过程
- DispatcherServlet 本质上是一个 Servlet，所以天然的遵循 Servlet 的生命周期。所以宏观上是 Servlet 生命周期来进行调度。
a>初始化WebApplicationContext
- 所在类：org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet
protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() {
WebApplicationContext rootContext =
WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext());
WebApplicationContext wac = null;
if (this.webApplicationContext != null) {
// A context instance was injected at construction time -> use it
wac = this.webApplicationContext;
if (wac instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) wac;
if (!cwac.isActive()) {
// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
// setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent -> set
// the root application context (if any; may be null) as the parent
cwac.setParent(rootContext);
}
configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac);
}
}
}
if (wac == null) {
// No context instance was injected at construction time -> see if one
// has been registered in the servlet context. If one exists, it is assumed
// that the parent context (if any) has already been set and that the
// user has performed any initialization such as setting the context id
wac = findWebApplicationContext();
}
if (wac == null) {
// No context instance is defined for this servlet -> create a local one
// 创建WebApplicationContext
wac = createWebApplicationContext(rootContext);
}
if (!this.refreshEventReceived) {
// Either the context is not a ConfigurableApplicationContext with refresh
// support or the context injected at construction time had already been
// refreshed -> trigger initial onRefresh manually here.
synchronized (this.onRefreshMonitor) {
// 刷新WebApplicationContext
onRefresh(wac);
}
}
if (this.publishContext) {
// Publish the context as a servlet context attribute.
// 将IOC容器在应用域共享
String attrName = getServletContextAttributeName();
getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac);
}
return wac;
}
b> 创建WebApplicationContext
- 所在类：org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet
protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(@Nullable ApplicationContext parent) {
Class<?> contextClass = getContextClass();
if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {
throw new ApplicationContextException(
"Fatal initialization error in servlet with name '" + getServletName() +
"': custom WebApplicationContext class [" + contextClass.getName() +
"] is not of type ConfigurableWebApplicationContext");
}
// 通过反射创建 IOC 容器对象
ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac =
(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
wac.setEnvironment(getEnvironment());
// 设置父容器
wac.setParent(parent);
String configLocation = getContextConfigLocation();
if (configLocation != null) {
wac.setConfigLocation(configLocation);
}
configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(wac);
return wac;
}
c> DispatcherServlet初始化策略
-
FrameworkServlet创建WebApplicationContext后，刷新容器，调用onRefresh(wac)，此方法在DispatcherServlet中进行了重写，调用了initStrategies(context)方法，初始化策略，即初始化DispatcherServlet的各个组件
-
所在类：org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
initMultipartResolver(context);
initLocaleResolver(context);
initThemeResolver(context);
initHandlerMappings(context); //找控制器的
initHandlerAdapters(context); //找到控制器来调用控制器的
initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context); //如果有异常处理异常
initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
initViewResolvers(context); //当我们请求处理完成之后，我们返回的视图名称要被视图解析器解析，然后找到对应的视图渲染
initFlashMapManager(context);
}
DispatcherServlet 调用组件处理请求
a>processRequest()
- FrameworkServlet重写HttpServlet中的service()和doXxx()，这些方法中调用了processRequest(request, response)
- 所在类：org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet
protected final void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
Throwable failureCause = null;
LocaleContext previousLocaleContext = LocaleContextHolder.getLocaleContext();
LocaleContext localeContext = buildLocaleContext(request);
RequestAttributes previousAttributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
ServletRequestAttributes requestAttributes = buildRequestAttributes(request, response, previousAttributes);
WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
asyncManager.registerCallableInterceptor(FrameworkServlet.class.getName(), new RequestBindingInterceptor());
initContextHolders(request, localeContext, requestAttributes);
try {
// 执行服务，doService()是一个抽象方法，在DispatcherServlet中进行了重写
doService(request, response);
}
catch (ServletException | IOException ex) {
failureCause = ex;
throw ex;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
failureCause = ex;
throw new NestedServletException("Request processing failed", ex);
}
finally {
resetContextHolders(request, previousLocaleContext, previousAttributes);
if (requestAttributes != null) {
requestAttributes.requestCompleted();
}
logResult(request, response, failureCause, asyncManager);
publishRequestHandledEvent(request, response, startTime, failureCause);
}
}
b> doService()
@Override
protected void doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
logRequest(request);
// Keep a snapshot of the request attributes in case of an include,
// to be able to restore the original attributes after the include.
Map<String, Object> attributesSnapshot = null;
if (WebUtils.isIncludeRequest(request)) {
attributesSnapshot = new HashMap<>();
Enumeration<?> attrNames = request.getAttributeNames();
while (attrNames.hasMoreElements()) {
String attrName = (String) attrNames.nextElement();
if (this.cleanupAfterInclude || attrName.startsWith(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PREFIX)) {
attributesSnapshot.put(attrName, request.getAttribute(attrName));
}
}
}
// Make framework objects available to handlers and view objects.
request.setAttribute(WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, getWebApplicationContext());
request.setAttribute(LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.localeResolver);
request.setAttribute(THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.themeResolver);
request.setAttribute(THEME_SOURCE_ATTRIBUTE, getThemeSource());
if (this.flashMapManager != null) {
FlashMap inputFlashMap = this.flashMapManager.retrieveAndUpdate(request, response);
if (inputFlashMap != null) {
request.setAttribute(INPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, Collections.unmodifiableMap(inputFlashMap));
}
request.setAttribute(OUTPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, new FlashMap());
request.setAttribute(FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE, this.flashMapManager);
}
RequestPath requestPath = null;
if (this.parseRequestPath && !ServletRequestPathUtils.hasParsedRequestPath(request)) {
requestPath = ServletRequestPathUtils.parseAndCache(request);
}
try {
// 处理请求和响应
doDispatch(request, response);
}
finally {
if (!WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
// Restore the original attribute snapshot, in case of an include.
if (attributesSnapshot != null) {
restoreAttributesAfterInclude(request, attributesSnapshot);
}
}
if (requestPath != null) {
ServletRequestPathUtils.clearParsedRequestPath(request);
}
}
}
c> doDispatche()
- 所在类：org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;
WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
try {
ModelAndView mv = null;
Exception dispatchException = null;
try {
processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);
// Determine handler for the current request.
/*
mappedHandler：调用链
包含handler、interceptorList、interceptorIndex
handler：浏览器发送的请求所匹配的控制器方法
interceptorList：处理控制器方法的所有拦截器集合
interceptorIndex：拦截器索引，控制拦截器afterCompletion()的执行
*/
mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
if (mappedHandler == null) {
noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
return;
}
// Determine handler adapter for the current request.
// 通过控制器方法创建相应的处理器适配器，调用所对应的控制器方法
HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());
// Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler.
String method = request.getMethod();
boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method);
if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) {
long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) {
return;
}
}
// 调用拦截器的preHandle()
if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
return;
}
// Actually invoke the handler.
// 由处理器适配器调用具体的控制器方法，最终获得ModelAndView对象
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
return;
}
applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);
// 调用拦截器的postHandle()
mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
dispatchException = ex;
}
catch (Throwable err) {
// As of 4.3, we're processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well,
// making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and other scenarios.
dispatchException = new NestedServletException("Handler dispatch failed", err);
}
// 后续处理：处理模型数据和渲染视图
processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);
}
catch (Throwable err) {
triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler,
new NestedServletException("Handler processing failed", err));
}
finally {
if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
// Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion
if (mappedHandler != null) {
mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response);
}
}
else {
// Clean up any resources used by a multipart request.
if (multipartRequestParsed) {
cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
}
}
}
}
d> processDispatchResult()
- 所在类：org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
@Nullable HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, @Nullable ModelAndView mv,
@Nullable Exception exception) throws Exception {
boolean errorView = false;
if (exception != null) {
if (exception instanceof ModelAndViewDefiningException) {
logger.debug("ModelAndViewDefiningException encountered", exception);
mv = ((ModelAndViewDefiningException) exception).getModelAndView();
}
else {
Object handler = (mappedHandler != null ? mappedHandler.getHandler() : null);
mv = processHandlerException(request, response, handler, exception);
errorView = (mv != null);
}
}
// Did the handler return a view to render?
if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) {
// 处理模型数据和渲染视图
render(mv, request, response);
if (errorView) {
WebUtils.clearErrorRequestAttributes(request);
}
}
else {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("No view rendering, null ModelAndView returned.");
}
}
if (WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
// Concurrent handling started during a forward
return;
}
if (mappedHandler != null) {
// Exception (if any) is already handled..
// 调用拦截器的afterCompletion()
mappedHandler.triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null);
}
}
其他流程看另外一篇笔记