celery入门

认识

这里有几个概念，task、worker、broker。
顾名思义，task 就是老板交给你的各种任务，worker 就是你手下干活的人员。

那什么是 Broker 呢？

老板给你下发任务时，你需要 把它记下来， 这个它 可以是你随身携带的本子，也可以是 电脑里地记事本或者excel，或者是你的 任何时间管理工具。

Broker  则是 Celery 记录task的地方。
作为一个任务管理者的你，将老板（前端程序）发给你的 安排的工作（Task） 记录到你的本子（Broker）里。接下来，你就安排你手下的IT程序猿们（Worker），都到你的本子(Broker)里来取走工作（Task）

 

1. broker为rabbitmq

#tasks.py

from celery import Celery

app = Celery('tasks', broker='amqp://admin:admin@localhost:5672')

@app.task
def add(x, y):
    return x + y

启动

celery -A tasks worker --loglevel=info

运行

>>> from tasks import add
>>> add(1, 3)
4
>>> add.delay(1,3)
<AsyncResult: 07614cef-f314-4c7b-a33f-92c080cadb83>
>>> 

注：delay是使用异步的方式，会压入到消息队列。否则，不会使用消息队列。

文件名为tasks.py，则其中代码app = Celery('tasks', broker=)，Celery第一个参数为文件名，启动时也是celery -A tasks worker --loglevel=info

2. 以python+文件名的方式启动

例1：

#test.py

from celery import Celery
import time
app = Celery('test', backend='amqp', broker='amqp://admin:admin@localhost:5672')

@app.task
def add(x, y):
    print "------>"
    time.sleep(5)
    print "<--------------"
    return x + y

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.start()

启动

python test.py worker 

celery默认启动的worker数为内核个数，如果指定启动个数，用参数-c，例

python test.py worker -c 2

例2：

#test.py

from celery import Celery
import time
app = Celery('test', backend='amqp', broker='amqp://admin:admin@localhost:5672')

@app.task
def add(x, y):
    print "------>"
    time.sleep(2)
    print "<--------------"
    return x + y

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.start()

#eg.py

from test import *
import time

rev = []
for i in range(3):
    rev.append(add.delay(1,3))

print "len rev:", len(rev)
while 1:
    tag = 1
    for key in rev:
        if not key.ready():
            tag = 0
            time.sleep(1)
            print "sleep 1"
    if tag:
        break
print "_____________________>"

3. broker为redis

#test_redis.py

from celery import Celery
import time
#app = Celery('test_redis', backend='amqp', broker='redis://100.69.201.116:7000')
app = Celery('test_redis', backend='redis', broker='redis://100.69.201.116:7000')

@app.task
def add(x, y):
    print "------>"
    time.sleep(5)
    print "<--------------"
    return x + y

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.start()

启动

python test_redis.py worker -c 2

测试

from celery import group
from test_redis import *
g = group(add.s(2, 3)).apply_async()
g = group(add.s(2, 3)).apply_async()
g = group(add.s(2, 3)).apply_async()
g = group(add.s(2, 3)).apply_async()
g = group(add.s(2, 3)).apply_async()
for ret in g.get():
    print ret
print "end-----------------------------------"

结果

5
end-----------------------------------

 

4. 两个队列(redis)

#test_redis.py

from celery import Celery
import time
#app = Celery('test_redis', backend='amqp', broker='redis://100.69.201.116:7000')
app = Celery('test_redis', backend='redis', broker='redis://100.69.201.116:7000')

@app.task
def add(x, y):
    print "------>"
    time.sleep(5)
    print "<--------------"
    return x + y

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.start()

#test_redis_2.py

from celery import Celery
import time
#app = Celery('test_redis', backend='amqp', broker='redis://100.69.201.116:7000')
app = Celery('test_redis_2', backend='redis', broker='redis://100.69.201.116:7001')

@app.task
def add_2(x, y):
    print "=======>"
    time.sleep(5)
    print "<================="
    return x + y

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.start()

测试

from celery import group
from test_redis import *
from test_redis_2 import *
ll = [(1,2), (3,4), (5,6)]
g = group(add.s(key[0], key[1]) for key in ll).apply_async()
for ret in g.get():
    print ret
print "end redis_1 -----------------------------------"

ll = [(1,2), (3,4), (5,6)]
g = group(add_2.s(key[0], key[1]) for key in ll).apply_async()
for ret in g.get():
    print ":", ret
print "end redis_2 -----------------------------------"

结果

3
7
11
end redis_1 -----------------------------------
: 3
: 7
: 11
end redis_2 -----------------------------------

 

5. 两个队列（同一个rabbitmq）

注释：需要提前设置下队列

##例1

#test.py

from celery import Celery
import time
app = Celery('test', backend='amqp', broker='amqp://admin:admin@localhost:5672//')

@app.task
def add(x, y):
    print "------>"
    time.sleep(5)
    print "<--------------"
    return x + y

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.start()

#test_2.py

from celery import Celery
import time
app = Celery('test_2', backend='amqp', broker='amqp://admin:admin@localhost:5672//hwzh')

@app.task
def add_2(x, y):
    print "=====>"
    time.sleep(5)
    print "<=========="
    return x + y

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.start()

测试

from celery import group
from test import *
from test_2 import *

ll = [(1,2), (3,4), (7,8)]
g = group(add.s(key[0], key[1]) for key in ll).apply_async()
for ret in g.get():
    print ret

ll = [(1,2), (3,4), (7,8)]
g = group(add_2.s(key[0], key[1]) for key in ll).apply_async()
for ret in g.get():
    print ret

结果

3
7
15
3
7
15

##例2

#test.py

from celery import Celery
import time
app = Celery('test', backend='amqp', broker='amqp://admin:admin@localhost:5672//mq4')

@app.task
def add(x, y):
    print "------>"
    time.sleep(2)
    print "<--------------"
    return x + y

@app.task
def sum(x, y):
    print "------>"
    time.sleep(2)
    print "<--------------"
    return x + y

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.start()

#eg2.py

from test import *
import time

rev = []
for i in range(3):
    rev.append(add.delay(1,3))

for i in range(3):
    rev.append(sum.delay(1,3))

print "len rev:", len(rev)
while 1:
    tag = 1
    for key in rev:
        if not key.ready():
            tag = 0
            time.sleep(1)
            print "sleep 1"
    if tag:
        break
print "_____________________>"

 

6. 保存结果

from celery import Celery

app = Celery('tasks', backend='amqp', broker='amqp://admin:admin@localhost')

@app.task
def add(x, y): 
    return x + y

启动

celery -A tasks_1 worker --loglevel=info

与前例不同：

- ** ---------- [config]
- ** ---------- .> app: tasks:0x7f8057931810
- ** ---------- .> transport: amqp://admin:**@localhost:5672//
- ** ---------- .> results: amqp

运行

>>> from tasks_1 import add
>>> result = add.delay(1, 3)
>>> result.ready()
True
>>> result.get()
4

回到顶部

7. 多个队列

from celery import Celery
from kombu import Exchange, Queue
BROKER_URL = 'amqp://admin:admin@localhost//'
app = Celery('tasks', backend='amqp',broker=BROKER_URL)
app.conf.update(
     CELERY_ROUTES={
          "add1":{"queue":"queue_add1"},
          "add2":{"queue":"queue_add2"},
          "add3":{"queue":"queue_add3"},
          "add4":{"queue":"queue_add4"},
        },
)
@app.task
def add1(x, y):
     return x + y

@app.task
def add2(x, y):
     return x + y

@app.task
def add3(x, y):
     return x + y

@app.task
def add4(x, y):
     return x + y