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  • Linux系统IP地址

    1、IP地址概述

    2、配置IP地址

      查看IP地址

      在网卡上绑定一个IP地址

      同一张网卡上绑定多个IP

      绑定一块网卡设备

      修改或删除IP地址

    IP地址概述

      这里不多赘述,参考《计算机网络》课程。

    配置IP地址

    [root@weekend110 ~]# ifconfig
    eth0       Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:05:1D:AC               网卡的物理地址    
          inet addr:192.168.80.110 Bcast:192.168.80.255 Mask:255.255.255.0    IP地址、广播地址、子网掩码
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe05:1dac/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1          UP表示该网络接口是启动的
          RX packets:33148 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0           该网络接口上的数据包统计信息
          TX packets:12115 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:41678800 (39.7 MiB) TX bytes:2688713 (2.5 MiB)

    lo      Link encap:Local Loopback                           内部网络回环地址
          inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0                      回环IP地址、子网掩码
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
          RX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:720 (720.0 b) TX bytes:720 (720.0 b)

    [root@weekend110 ~]#

    ifconfig -a      显示包括激活和未激活的全部网络接口

    ifconfig -s      只显示网络接口的摘要信息

    [root@weekend110 ~]# ifconfig eth0
    eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:05:1D:AC
    inet addr:192.168.80.110 Bcast:192.168.80.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
    inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe05:1dac/64 Scope:Link
    UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
    RX packets:33308 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
    TX packets:12143 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
    collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
    RX bytes:41693344 (39.7 MiB) TX bytes:2692561 (2.5 MiB)

    [root@weekend110 ~]#

    [root@weekend110 ~]# ifconfig -a
    eth0       Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:05:1D:AC
              inet addr:192.168.80.110 Bcast:192.168.80.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
              inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe05:1dac/64 Scope:Link
              UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
              RX packets:33336 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
              TX packets:12160 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
                 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
              RX bytes:41695906 (39.7 MiB) TX bytes:2694923 (2.5 MiB)

    lo           Link encap:Local Loopback
              inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
                  inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
              UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
              RX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
                 TX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
             collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
              RX bytes:720 (720.0 b) TX bytes:720 (720.0 b)

    [root@weekend110 ~]#

     在网卡上绑定一个IP地址

    [root@weekend110 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
    DEVICE=eth0              网卡设备名称
    HWADDR=00:0C:29:05:1D:AC
    TYPE=Ethernet
    UUID=a36d5f1e-fa69-453f-ba2b-a0952b279936
    ONBOOT=yes
    NM_CONTROLLED=yes
    BOOTPROTO=static

    DEFROUTE=yes
    PEERDNS=yes
    PEERROUTES=yes
    IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes
    IPV6INIT=no
    NAME="System eth0"
    IPADDR=192.168.80.110        绑定的IP地址
    BCAST=192.168.80.255
    GATEWAY=192.168.80.2
    NETMASK=255.255.255.0

    DNS1=144.144.144.144
    DNS2=192.168.80.2
    [root@weekend110 ~]#

    [root@weekend110 network-scripts]# pwd
    /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
    [root@weekend110 network-scripts]# ifdown eth0         关闭网卡eth0

    [root@weekend110 network-scripts]# ifup eth0    打开网卡eth0

    或者

    [root@weekend110 network-scripts]# pwd
    /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
    [root@weekend110 network-scripts]# ./ifdown eth0         关闭网卡eth0

    [root@weekend110 network-scripts]# ./ifup eth0    打开网卡eth0

    或者

    [root@weekend110 ~]# /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown eth0         关闭网卡eth0

    [root@weekend110 ~]# /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup eth0    打开网卡eth0

      

    同一张网卡上绑定多个IP

      在实际工作中,特别是在服务器上,需要在一张网卡上配置大量的IP地址。我们可以通过利用虚拟网卡技术来实现这个需求。

    利用虚拟网卡技术,为此张网卡设置一些别名的配置文件,并利用这些别名的配置文件在这张网卡上绑定多个IP地址。

      如果,需要在一块网卡上绑定多个IP地址,就需要手动设置多个以ifcfg-开头并且后接该网卡名字(逻辑名)的配置文件,其格式如下

      ifcfg-ethX:YYY

      其中,X是第几张网卡设备,YYY是该网卡设备上的第几张网卡。

      如,网卡文件ifcfg-eth0:1中,eth0表示第一张网卡,而其后冒号后的数字,则表示eth0上的的第二张网卡。即ifcfg-eth0:1则表示第一张网卡上的第二块网卡。

        参考:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5f54f0be0101josm.html

                  http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/ea24bc3986dab0da62b331ab.html

    [root@weekend110 network-scripts]# ls
    ifcfg-eth0    ifdown-eth    ifdown-post   ifdown-tunnel    ifup-eth    ifup-plip    ifup-routes    init.ipv6-global
    ifcfg-lo   ifdown-ippp   ifdown-ppp    ifup   ifup-ippp    ifup-plusb    ifup-sit    net.hotplug
    ifdown   ifdown-ipv6   ifdown-routes    ifup-aliases    ifup-ipv6   ifup-post    ifup-tunnel    network-functions
    ifdown-bnep   ifdown-isdn    ifdown-sit    ifup-bnep   ifup-isdn    ifup-ppp   ifup-wireless    network-functions-ipv6
    [root@weekend110 network-scripts]#

       默认,只看到ifcfg-eth0 文件。这里,复制一份,命名为ifcfg-eth0:0 

    [root@weekend110 network-scripts]# ls
    ifcfg-eth0   ifdown-eth    ifdown-post   ifdown-tunnel   ifup-eth   ifup-plip   ifup-routes    init.ipv6-global
    ifcfg-lo   ifdown-ippp   ifdown-ppp    ifup   ifup-ippp    ifup-plusb   ifup-sit net.hotplug
    ifdown   ifdown-ipv6    ifdown-routes    ifup-aliases    ifup-ipv6   ifup-post    ifup-tunnel network-functions
    ifdown-bnep    ifdown-isdn   ifdown-sit   ifup-bnep   ifup-isdn   ifup-ppp   ifup-wireless network-functions-ipv6
    [root@weekend110 network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0:1
    [root@weekend110 network-scripts]# ls
    ifcfg-eth0   ifdown-eth   ifdown-ppp   ifup-aliases    ifup-isdn   ifup-routes net.hotplug
    ifcfg-eth0:1 i  fdown-ippp    ifdown-routes   ifup-bnep    ifup-plip   ifup-sit network-functions
    ifcfg-lo   ifdown-ipv6    ifdown-sit   ifup-eth ifup-plusb    ifup-tunnel network-functions-ipv6
    ifdown   ifdown-isdn    ifdown-tunnel   ifup-ippp    ifup-post    ifup-wireless
    ifdown-bnep    ifdown-post    ifup    ifup-ipv6    ifup-ppp init.ipv6-global
    [root@weekend110 network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-eth0:1

    DEVICE=eth0:1
    HWADDR=00:0C:29:05:1D:AC
    TYPE=Ethernet
    UUID=a36d5f1e-fa69-453f-ba2b-a0952b279936
    ONBOOT=yes
    NM_CONTROLLED=yes
    BOOTPROTO=static

    DEFROUTE=yes
    PEERDNS=yes
    PEERROUTES=yes
    IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes
    IPV6INIT=no
    NAME="System eth0:1"
    IPADDR=192.168.80.111
    BCAST=192.168.80.255
    GATEWAY=192.168.80.2
    NETMASK=255.255.255.0

    DNS1=144.144.144.144
    DNS2=192.168.80.2

     

    [root@weekend110 network-scripts]# service network restart
    Shutting down interface eth0: Device state: 3 (disconnected)
    [ OK ]
    Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ]
    Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ]
    Bringing up interface eth0: Active connection state: activating
    Active connection path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/2
    state: activated
    Connection activated
    [ OK ]
    [root@weekend110 network-scripts]# ip addr show
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:05:1d:ac brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.80.110/24 brd 192.168.80.255 scope global eth0
    inet 192.168.80.111/24 brd 192.168.80.255 scope global secondary eth0:1
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe05:1dac/64 scope link
    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    [root@weekend110 network-scripts]# ifconfig
    eth0   Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:05:1D:AC
        inet addr:192.168.80.110 Bcast:192.168.80.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
        inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe05:1dac/64 Scope:Link
        UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
        RX packets:572 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
        TX packets:355 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
        collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
        RX bytes:53584 (52.3 KiB) TX bytes:42335 (41.3 KiB)

    eth0:1   Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:05:1D:AC
          inet addr:192.168.80.111 Bcast:192.168.80.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

        lo Link encap:Local Loopback
        inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
        inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
        UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
        RX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
        TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
        collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
        RX bytes:240 (240.0 b) TX bytes:240 (240.0 b)

    [root@weekend110 network-scripts]#

      

      测试,网络

     

    Microsoft Windows [版本 6.1.7601]
    版权所有 (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

    C:UsersAdministrator>ping 192.168.80.110

    正在 Ping 192.168.80.110 具有 32 字节的数据:
    来自 192.168.80.110 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
    来自 192.168.80.110 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
    来自 192.168.80.110 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64

    192.168.80.110 的 Ping 统计信息:
    数据包: 已发送 = 3,已接收 = 3,丢失 = 0 (0% 丢失),
    往返行程的估计时间(以毫秒为单位):
    最短 = 0ms,最长 = 0ms,平均 = 0ms
    Control-C
    ^C
    C:UsersAdministrator>ping 192.168.80.111

    正在 Ping 192.168.80.111 具有 32 字节的数据:
    来自 192.168.80.111 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64
    来自 192.168.80.111 的回复: 字节=32 时间<1ms TTL=64

    192.168.80.111 的 Ping 统计信息:
    数据包: 已发送 = 2,已接收 = 2,丢失 = 0 (0% 丢失),
    往返行程的估计时间(以毫秒为单位):
    最短 = 0ms,最长 = 0ms,平均 = 0ms
    Control-C
    ^C
    C:UsersAdministrator>

       删除

      

    [root@weekend110 network-scripts]# ls
    ifcfg-eth0    ifdown-eth    ifdown-ppp    ifup-aliases   ifup-isdn   ifup-routes net.hotplug
    ifcfg-eth0:1   ifdown-ippp    ifdown-routes   ifup-bnep    ifup-plip    ifup-sit network-functions
    ifcfg-lo   ifdown-ipv6    ifdown-sit   ifup-eth   ifup-plusb   ifup-tunnel network-functions-ipv6
    ifdown    ifdown-isdn    ifdown-tunnel    ifup-ippp    ifup-post    ifup-wireless
    ifdown-bnep   ifdown-post    ifup    ifup-ipv6   ifup-ppp init.ipv6-global
    [root@weekend110 network-scripts]# rm -rf ifcfg-eth0:1

      其他的,不多赘述。

      图形界面呢,如何来做到?

      这里不多,赘述。

        修改或删除IP地址

      这里不多,赘述。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zlslch/p/5984144.html
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