The Fourth Week Lucklyzpp
（我的博客：www.lucklyzheng.top）
先安装epel源包，跑个小火车，成为老司机。
[13:53:38 root@lucklyzpp8 ~]#yum -y install epel-release [16:52:37 root@lucklyzpp8 ~]#yum -y install sl [16:53:57 root@lucklyzpp8 ~]#rpm -ql sl /usr/bin/sl /usr/lib/.build-id /usr/lib/.build-id/cb /usr/lib/.build-id/cb/664a85114a0cb25cf0460ada9ed86a7b128658 ..... [16:54:28 root@lucklyzpp8 ~]#sl -a
1、自建yum仓库，分别为网络源和本地源
yum源配置文件主要有2个。
/etc/yum.conf：为所有仓库提供公共配置
/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo 这里面的*.repo文件。为仓库的指向提供配置
一 置本地yum源
1、确保虚拟机的光盘已经挂在了相应版本的系统光盘
[06:09:53 root@lucklyzpp7 ~]#df -Th /mnt/ 文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点 /dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 16G 2.2G 14G 14% / [06:10:27 root@lucklyzpp7 ~]#mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/ mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载 [06:10:55 root@lucklyzpp7 ~]#df -Th /mnt/ 文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点 /dev/sr0 iso9660 4.2G 4.2G 0 100% /mnt [06:11:00 root@lucklyzpp7 ~]#mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/Centos [06:11:33 root@lucklyzpp7 ~]#mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/Centos Centos/ Centos-7.repo [06:11:33 root@lucklyzpp7 ~]#mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/Centos/ [06:13:20 root@lucklyzpp7 ~]#cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ [06:13:29 root@lucklyzpp7 yum.repos.d]#ls Centos repo_bak [06:13:31 root@lucklyzpp7 yum.repos.d]#cat > local.repo << EOF > [base] > name=local repo > baseurl=file:///mnt > enabled=1 > gpgcheck=0 > EOF [06:15:13 root@lucklyzpp7 yum.repos.d]#ls Centos local.repo repo_bak [06:15:17 root@lucklyzpp7 yum.repos.d]#yum repolist 已加载插件：fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors 源标识 源名称 状态 !base local repo 10,072
二，配置网络源（EPEL源）
EPEL的yum源
#阿里云
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/$releasever/x86_64
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/$releasever/$basearch/
技巧：在配置阿里云的epel源的时候可以使用变量的方式不容易出错
[06:15:52 root@lucklyzpp7 yum.repos.d]#cat > epel.repo << EOF > [epel] > name=aliyun epel > baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/$releasever/$basearch/ > enabled=1 > gpgcheck=0 > EOF [06:35:42 root@lucklyzpp7 yum.repos.d]#ls Centos epel.repo local.repo repo_bak
[06:40:26 root@lucklyzpp7 yum.repos.d]#yum repolist 已加载插件：fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00 (1/5): base/primary_db | 3.1 MB 00:00:00 (2/5): base/group_gz | 166 kB 00:00:00 (3/5): epel/7/x86_64/group_gz | 96 kB 00:00:01 (4/5): epel/7/x86_64/updateinfo | 1.0 MB 00:00:19 (5/5): epel/7/x86_64/primary_db | 7.0 MB 00:00:55 源标识 源名称 状态 base local repo 3,971 epel/7/x86_64 aliyun epel 13,665 repolist: 17,636
三 本地服务搭建网络源
[07:03:01 root@lucklyzpp7 yum.repos.d]#yum -y install httpd
[07:04:01 root@lucklyzpp7 yum.repos.d]#systemctl start httpd [07:04:28 root@lucklyzpp7 yum.repos.d]#systemctl enable httpd Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service. [07:04:36 root@lucklyzpp7 yum.repos.d]#mkdir -p /var/www/html/centos/7 [07:05:10 root@lucklyzpp7 yum.repos.d]#mount /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/centos/7/ mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载 [07:05:47 root@lucklyzpp7 yum.repos.d]#ls /var/www/html/centos/7/ CentOS_BuildTag EULA images LiveOS repodata RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7 EFI GPL isolinux Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 TRANS.TBL
[07:13:47 root@lucklyzpp7 yum.repos.d]#elinks http://192.168.33.128/centos/7 --dump
Index of /centos/7
[1][ICO] [2]Name [3]Last [4]Size [5]Description
modified
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[6][PARENTDIR] [7]Parent Directory -
[8][ ] [9]CentOS_BuildTag 2018-05-02 14
19:28
[10][DIR] [11]EFI/ 2018-05-04 -
04:34
[12][TXT] [13]EULA 2017-08-30 227
22:33
[14][TXT] [15]GPL 2015-12-10 18K
06:35
[16][DIR] [17]LiveOS/ 2018-05-04 -
04:34
[18][DIR] [19]Packages/ 2018-05-04 -
04:52
[20][ ] [21]RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 2015-12-10 1.7K
06:35
[22][ ] [23]RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-T..> 2015-12-10 1.7K
06:35
[24][ ] [25]TRANS.TBL 2018-05-04 2.8K
04:55
[26][DIR] [27]images/ 2018-05-04 -
04:44
[28][DIR] [29]isolinux/ 2018-05-04 -
04:34
[30][DIR] [31]repodata/ 2018-05-04 -
04:54
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2、编译安装http2.4，实现可以正常访问，并将编译步骤和结果提交。
[23:47:40 root@lucklyzpp8 ~]#wget 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache//httpd/httpd-2.4.48.tar.bz2' [23:47:40 root@lucklyzpp8 ~]#tar -xvf httpd-2.4.48.tar.bz2 [23:47:40 root@lucklyzpp8 ~]#ls anaconda-ks.cfg cmatrix httpd-2.4.48 httpd-2.4.48.tar.bz2 webmin-1.981 [23:48:28 root@lucklyzpp8 ~]#cd httpd-2.4.48/ [23:48:32 root@lucklyzpp8 httpd-2.4.48]#ls ABOUT_APACHE BuildAll.dsp configure httpd.spec libhttpd.mak os srclib acinclude.m4 BuildBin.dsp configure.in include LICENSE README support Apache-apr2.dsw buildconf docs INSTALL Makefile.in README.CHANGES test Apache.dsw CHANGES emacs-style InstallBin.dsp Makefile.win README.cmake VERSIONING apache_probes.d changes-entries httpd.dep LAYOUT modules README.platforms ap.d CMakeLists.txt httpd.dsp libhttpd.dep NOTICE ROADMAP build config.layout httpd.mak libhttpd.dsp NWGNUmakefile server [23:48:32 root@lucklyzpp8 httpd-2.4.48]#./configure --prefix=/apps/httpd24 --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 --enable-ssl [23:56:54 root@lucklyzpp8 httpd-2.4.48]#make && make install 23:56:54 root@lucklyzpp8 httpd-2.4.48]#echo 'PATH=/apps/httpd24/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd24.sh [23:59:59 root@lucklyzpp8 httpd-2.4.48]#. /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh [00:02:03 root@lucklyzpp8 httpd-2.4.48]#useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -d /var/www -c Apache -u 58 apache2 [00:02:30 root@lucklyzpp8 httpd-2.4.48]#id apache2 uid=58(apache2) gid=58(apache2) 组=58(apache2) [00:02:39 root@lucklyzpp8 httpd-2.4.48]#vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf [00:03:43 root@lucklyzpp8 httpd-2.4.48]#apachectl AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using fe80::30e1:66e5:d982:6200. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message httpd (pid 1152) already running [00:04:51 root@lucklyzpp8 httpd-2.4.48]#ps aux | grep httpd root 30985 0.1 1.5 281472 11376 ? Ss 9月13 0:02 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND apache 30986 0.0 1.1 294208 8440 ? S 9月13 0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND apache 30987 0.0 2.0 1483000 14352 ? Sl 9月13 0:01 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND apache 31007 0.0 1.4 1352000 10380 ? Sl 9月13 0:01 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND apache 31039 0.0 1.4 1352000 10376 ? Sl 9月13 0:01 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND apache 31204 0.0 1.6 1352000 12104 ? Sl 9月13 0:01 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND root 57781 0.0 0.1 221924 1136 pts/0 S+ 00:05 0:00 grep --color=auto httpd
3、利用sed 取出ifconfig命令中本机的IPv4地址
[22:33:37 root@lucklyzpp8 ~]#ifconfig|sed -rn '2s/^[^0-9]+([0-9.]+) .*$/1/p' 192.168.33.131
4、删除/etc/fstab文件中所有以#开头，后面至少跟一个空白字符的行的行首的#和空白字符
[22:39:05 root@lucklyzpp8 ~]#sed -ri.bak '/^#s+/s/^#s+//' /data/fstab [22:40:17 root@lucklyzpp8 ~]#cat /data/fstab # /etc/fstab Created by anaconda on Sat Aug 28 16:16:41 2021 # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'. See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info. # After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd units generated from this file. # /dev/mapper/cl-root / xfs defaults 0 0 UUID=33947e41-cdf9-43a5-958a-27ef955fe7f6 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/cl-home /home xfs defaults 0 0 /dev/mapper/cl-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
5、处理/etc/fstab路径,使用sed命令取出其目录名和基名
[22:40:24 root@lucklyzpp8 ~]#echo /etc/fstab|sed -r 's@^(/.*/)(.*)@path:1 basename:2@' path:/etc/ basename:fstab
6、列出ubuntu软件管理工具apt的一些用法(自由总结)
dpkg 包管理器
帮助参看：man dpkg
dpkg 常见用法
#安装包
dpkg -i package.deb
#删除包，不建议，不自动卸载依赖于它的包
dpkg -r package
#删除包（包括配置文件）
dpkg -P package
#列出当前已安装的包，类似rpm -qa
dpkg -l
#显示该包的简要说明
dpkg -l package
#列出该包的状态，包括详细信息，类似rpm –qi
dpkg -s package
#列出该包中所包含的文件，类似rpm –ql
dpkg -L package
#搜索包含pattern的包，类似rpm –qf
dpkg -S <pattern>
#配置包，-a 使用，配置所有没有配置的软件包
dpkg --configure package
#列出 deb 包的内容，类似rpm –qpl
dpkg -c package.deb
#解开 deb 包的内容
dpkg --unpack package.deb
[16:34:55 root@ubuntu1804 ~]#dpkg -l |head -n2 Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold | Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend [16:35:03 root@ubuntu1804 ~]#dpkg -L bash|head -2 /. /bin [16:35:36 root@ubuntu1804 ~]#dpkg -S /bin/bash bash: /bin/bash
2 apt
apt 特有的命令
apt list 列出包含条件的包（已安装，可升级等）
apt edit-sources 编辑源列表
APT包索引配置文件
/etc/apt/sources.list
/etc/apt/sources.list.d
apt命令操作（如安装和删除软件包）日志文件
/var/log/dpkg.log
#安装包： apt install tree zip #安装图形桌面 apt install ubuntu-desktop #删除包： apt remove tree zip #说明：apt remove中添加--purge选项会删除包配置文件，谨慎使用 #更新包索引，相当于yum clean all;yum makecache apt update #升级包：要升级系统，请首先更新软件包索引，再升级 apt upgrade #apt列出仓库软件包，等于yum list apt list #搜索安装包 apt search nginx #查看某个安装包的详细信息 apt show apache2 #在线安装软件包 apt install apache2 #卸载单个软件包但是保留配置⽂件 apt remove apache2 #删除安装包并解决依赖关系 apt autoremove apache2 #更新本地软件包列表索引，修改了apt仓库后必须执⾏ apt update
#编辑source源⽂件
apt edit-sources
#查看仓库中软件包有哪些版本可以安装
apt-cache madison nginx
#安装软件包的时候指定安装具体的版本
apt install nginx=1.14.0-0ubuntu1.6
#查看文件来自于哪个包,类似redhat中的yum provides <filename>
apt-file search 'string' #默认是包含此字符串的文件
apt-file search -x '正则表达式'
apt-file search -F /path/file
ubuntu建议安装的常用包
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#apt purge ufw lxd lxd-client lxcfs liblxc-common
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#apt install iproute2 ntpdate tcpdump telnet traceroute nfskernel-server nfs-common lrzsz tree openssl libssl-dev libpcre3 libpcre3-dev zlib1g-dev gcc openssh-server iotop unzip zip