建立raid1 创建raid1 添加1G热备盘 模拟磁盘故障，自动顶替故障盘 卸载阵列并删除整个阵列 环境：创建分区c1 c2 c3 大小为1G 环境的准备 [root@ZQ ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Device does not contain a recognized partition table Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x05c92672. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdc: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x05c92672 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended Select (default p): p Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048): Using default value 2048 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): +1G Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free) e extended Select (default p): p Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2 First sector (2099200-20971519, default 2099200): Using default value 2099200 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2099200-20971519, default 20971519): +1G Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free) e extended Select (default p): p Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3 First sector (4196352-20971519, default 4196352): Using default value 4196352 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (4196352-20971519, default 20971519): +1G Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdc: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x05c92672 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux /dev/sdc2 2099200 4196351 1048576 83 Linux /dev/sdc3 4196352 6293503 1048576 83 Linux Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. [root@ZQ ~]# ll /dev/sdc* brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 32 Jun 4 06:18 /dev/sdc brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 33 Jun 4 06:18 /dev/sdc1 brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 34 Jun 4 06:18 /dev/sdc2 brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 35 Jun 4 06:18 /dev/sdc3 创建raid1 [root@ZQ ~]# mdadm -C -v /dev/md1 -l 1 -n 2 -x 1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdc3 mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and may not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan to store '/boot' on this device please ensure that your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use --metadata=0.90 mdadm: size set to 1047552K Continue creating array? Continue creating array? (y/n) y mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata mdadm: array /dev/md1 started. [root@ZQ ~]# ll /dev/md1 brw-rw----. 1 root disk 9, 1 Jun 4 06:24 /dev/md1 查看创建阵列信息生成配置文件检查配置文件 [root@ZQ ~]# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] md1 : active raid1 sdc3[2](S) sdc2[1] sdc1[0] #s 备用盘 1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] #状态 md0 : active raid0 sdb2[1] sdb1[0] 2095104 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks unused devices: <none> [root@ZQ ~]# mdadm -Ds > /etc/mdadm.conf [root@ZQ ~]# cat !$ cat /etc/mdadm.conf ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 name=ZQ:0 UUID=00d9284f:6fd6b3b0:afc571c6:c5441608 ARRAY /dev/md1 metadata=1.2 spares=1 name=ZQ:1 UUID=137b8247:e0ced5a2:625805ac:e9b31692 将创建好的raid1磁盘格式化分区，生成系统文件，挂载正常使用 [root@ZQ ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md1p1 mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 65408 inodes, 261632 blocks 13081 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=268435456 8 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8176 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (4096 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done [root@ZQ ~]# mkdir /raid1 [root@ZQ ~]# mount /dev/md1p1 /raid1 [root@ZQ ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 15G 3.6G 12G 24% / devtmpfs 474M 0 474M 0% /dev tmpfs 489M 156K 489M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 489M 7.0M 482M 2% /run tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 197M 131M 67M 67% /boot tmpfs 98M 8.0K 98M 1% /run/user/1000 /dev/sr0 4.1G 4.1G 0 100% /run/media/zq/CentOS 7 x86_64 tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0 /dev/md0p1 2.0G 6.1M 1.9G 1% /raid0 /dev/md1p1 990M 2.6M 921M 1% /raid1 [root@ZQ ~]# cp /etc/passwd /raid1 [root@ZQ ~]# ls !$ ls /raid1 lost+found passwd 模拟故障 raid1中sdc1故障，观察sdc3备用盘能否自动顶替故障盘 将sdc1指定为故障盘，cat/proc/mdstat 查看阵列状态 稍等片刻阵列重新重建成功，发现/sdc3【s】消失了，成功顶替 移除故障盘/sdc1 [root@ZQ ~]# mdadm -f /dev/md1 /dev/sdc1 mdadm: set /dev/sdc1 faulty in /dev/md1 [root@ZQ ~]# watch -n 1 cat /proc/mdstat [root@ZQ ~]# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] md1 : active raid1 sdc3[2] sdc2[1] sdc1[0](F) 1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid0 sdb2[1] sdb1[0] 2095104 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks unused devices: <none> [root@ZQ ~]# mdadm -r /dev/md1 /dev/sdc1 mdadm: hot removed /dev/sdc1 from /dev/md1 [root@ZQ ~]# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] md1 : active raid1 sdc3[2] sdc2[1] 1047552 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid0 sdb2[1] sdb1[0] 2095104 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks unused devices: <none> [root@ZQ ~]# mdadm -Ds > /etc/mdadm.conf [root@ZQ ~]# cat /etc/mdadm.conf ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 name=ZQ:0 UUID=00d9284f:6fd6b3b0:afc571c6:c5441608 ARRAY /dev/md1 metadata=1.2 name=ZQ:1 UUID=137b8247:e0ced5a2:625805ac:e9b31692 [root@ZQ ~]#