Oracle搭建DG

----------------------------主库打开归档模式、打开强制写入日志
 shutdown immediate;
----------------------------修改归档位置
mkdir -p /data/oracle/oradata/zsha/arch/--创建归档目录
startup mount;
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/data/oracle/oradata/zsha/arch/';
alter database archivelog;
alter database open;
----------------------------强制写入日志在open状态也可以执行
alter database force logging;
select log_mode, force_logging from v$database;--查看是否开启强制日志

----------------------------查看日志文件
select * from v$log;
select * from v$logfile;
----------------------------主库添加standby日志文件比redo多一个文件创建的组不要和redo日志组相同 standby日志和redo日志的大小一致
alter database add standby logfile group 14 '/data/oracle/oradata/zshdb/standby14.log' size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile group 15 '/data/oracle/oradata/zshdb/standby15.log' size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile group 16 '/data/oracle/oradata/zshdb/standby16.log' size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile group 17 '/data/oracle/oradata/zshdb/standby17.log' size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile group 18 '/data/oracle/oradata/zshdb/standby18.log' size 50M;
--清除日志组（创建日志有问题时执行）
alter database clear logfile group 1; 
alter database clear logfile group 2; 
alter database clear logfile group 3; 
alter database clear logfile group 14; 
alter database clear logfile group 15; 
alter database clear logfile group 16; 
alter database clear logfile group 17; 
alter database clear logfile group 5; 
alter database clear logfile group 6; 
alter database clear logfile group 11; 
alter database clear logfile group 12; 
alter database clear logfile group 13; 
alter database clear logfile group 24;
alter database clear logfile group 25; 
alter database clear logfile group 26;
alter database clear logfile group 27;
--删除log文件
ALTER DATABASE DROP STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 14;
ALTER DATABASE DROP STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 15;
ALTER DATABASE DROP STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 16;
ALTER DATABASE DROP STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 17;
----------------------------传送密码文件、主库控制文件
--传送到备库需要修改密码文件的名字。备库的服务名（orapwzshdg）
orapwd file=orapwzsh password=(sys用户的密码) force=y
scp initzsh.ora orapwzsh 172.30.242.54:/oracle/dbhome/dbs

--导出当前parameter文件
create pfile='/tmp/a' from spfile;

----------------------------主库parameter文件
*.audit_file_dest='/oracle/admin/zsh/adump'
*.audit_trail='NONE'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/oracle/oradata/zsh/zsh/control01.ctl','/oracle/fast_recovery_area/zsh/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='zsh'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.diagnostic_dest='/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=zshXDB)'
*.fal_server='zshdg'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(zsh,zshdg)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/oracle/oradata/zsh/arch/ valid_for=(all_logfiles, all_roles) db_unique_name=zsh'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=zshdg valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=zshdg'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=367001600
*.processes=200
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=1101004800
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

----------------------------修改主库配置文件之后更改配置
alter system set fal_server='zshdg';
alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(zsh,zshdg)' sid='*'; 
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/data/oracle/oradata/zsh/arch/ valid_for=(all_logfiles, all_roles) db_unique_name=zsh';
alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=zshdg valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=zshdg' sid='*';
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1=ENABLE;
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=ENABLE;
alter system set standby_file_management='AUTO';
----------------------------参数解释
-------主库设置dataguard开关zsh是主库的db_unique_name，zshdg是从库的db_unique_name
alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(zsh,zshdg)' sid='*'; 
-------主库设置远程归档
alter system set log_archive_dest_3='service=zshdg valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=zshdg' sid='*';


----------------------------主库检查（可在都配置结束之后再检查）
set lines 500;
set pages 500;
-------一定要求确保 v$archive_dest 的 status 列为 ‘VALID’，遇到的问题dest2为disable 可能导致archive文件过不来
select status from v$archive_dest where destination is not null;
-------如果返回结果 ‘APPLIED’的列 都是 ‘YES’ 或者只有最后一个是 'NO’的话，说明全部归档日志全部已经归档完了
select name,sequence#,archived,applied from v$archived_log order by sequence#;

----------------------------备库配置文件
*.audit_file_dest='/oracle/admin/zsh/adump'
*.audit_trail='NONE'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/oracle/oradata/zsh/zsh/control01.ctl','/oracle/fast_recovery_area/zsh/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='zsh'
*.db_unique_name='zshdg'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.diagnostic_dest='/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=zshXDB)'
*.fal_server='zsh'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(zsh,zshdg)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/oracle/oradata/zsh/arch/ valid_for=(all_logfiles, all_roles) db_unique_name=zshdg'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=zsh valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=zsh'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/oracle/oradata/zsh/zsh/','/oracle/oradata/zsh/zsh/'
*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/oracle/oradata/zsh/zsh/','/oracle/oradata/zsh/zsh/'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=367001600
*.processes=200
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=1101004800
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'



----------------------------创建主库parameter文件中所有的路径
mkdir -p /oracle/admin/zsh/adump
mkdir -p /oracle/oradata/zsh/zsh/
mkdir -p /oracle/fast_recovery_area/zsh/ 
mkdir -p /oracle/oradata/zsh/arch/
mkdir -p /oracle/oradata/zsh/zsh/

----------------------------启动从库实例，创建spfile文件，并启动在nomount状态
cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/
vi initzshdg.ora   --把备库ora文件粘贴进去
startup pfile='/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1/dbs/initzshdg.ora' nomount;


----------------------------设置listenr.ora文件

-------主库配置
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.8.10.102)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
        (SID_LIST =
                (SID_DESC =
                (ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/product/11.2.0.4)
                (SID_NAME = zsh)
                (GLOBAL_DBNAME = zsh)
        )
        )
-------从库配置
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.8.10.103)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER=
        (SID_LIST=
                (SID_DESC=
                (ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/product/11.2.0.4)
                (SID_NAME=zshdg)
                (GLOBAL_DBNAME=zshdg)
        )
        )

----------------------------设置tnsnames.ora文件

-------主库配置(文档中ZSH这个服务也不需要配置)
ZSH =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.8.10.102)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = zsh)
    )
  )
ZSHDG =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.8.10.103)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
     (SERVER = DEDICATED)
     (SERVICE_NAME = zshdg)
    )
  )
  
-------从库配置
 
ZSH =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.8.10.102)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = zsh)
    )
  )
ZSHDG =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.8.10.103)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
     (SERVER = DEDICATED)
     (SERVICE_NAME = zshdg)
    )
  )

----------------------------在主库测试连接
sqlplus sys/welcome@zshadg as sysdba



----------------------------在从库上恢复conctrolfile文件(把主库的control文件移动至备库主机)
rman target /
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/tmp/control.ctl'; --主库控制文件

----------------------------在主库启动rman复制从库
rman target / auxiliary sys/welcome@zshadg

RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck;

----------------------------从库打开应用日志
alter database mount
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
----------------------------主库切换归档
SQL>  alter system switch logfile;
----------------------------打开从库，关闭应用日志
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel; --等一段时间之后在执行此语句

----------------------------打开从库，开启动态应用日志
SQL> alter database open;
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

查看角色
select open_mode,PROTECTION_MODE, database_role, switchover_status from gv$database;

主库
select DEST_NAME,error from  v$archive_dest where error is not null;

备库
select THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,applied,FIRST_TIME,NEXT_TIME  from v$archived_log order by 2 ;

查看备库状态
set linesize 200 
column name format a22 
column value format a16 
column unit format a28 
column time_computed format a25 
select * from v$dataguard_stats; 

解决问题
一、ORA-16058
（1）在主库执行
set lines 500;
set pages 500;
select * from v$archive_dest where destination is not null;
出现 ORA-16058: standby database instance is not mounted报错
（2）在从库执行
手动把数据库到mount状态
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;