先用韦老师的图:
注: 新版本内核的i2c驱动框架采用了 i2c_client -------> i2c_bus_type <-------- i2c_driver 框架
如何构建i2c_client的4种方法
1.定义一个 i2c_board_info,用 i2c_register_board_info 注册,再生成i2c_client
struct i2c_board_info { char type[I2C_NAME_SIZE]; //名字, unsigned short flags; unsigned short addr; //设备地址 void *platform_data; struct dev_archdata *archdata; struct device_node *of_node; // dts中匹配的设备节点 struct fwnode_handle *fwnode; int irq; }; i2c_register_board_info(busnum, //使用哪个总线 i2c_board_info , // i2c_board_info 中的哪个 I2C_BOARD_INFO len) // i2c_board_info 中有多少 I2C_BOARD_INFO 把它们放入__i2c_board_list链表 list_add_tail(&devinfo->list, &__i2c_board_list); 链表何时使用: i2c_register_adapter > i2c_scan_static_board_info > i2c_new_device 使用限制:必须在 i2c_register_adapter 之前 i2c_register_board_info 所以:不适合我们动态加载insmod
2,用 i2c_new_device 或 i2c_new_probed_device 直接注册i2c_client
static struct i2c_board_info at24cxx_info = { I2C_BOARD_INFO("at24c08", 0x50), }; // 地址信息 + 名字信息 1, struct i2c_client * // 如果匹配 ,返回一个生成的i2c_client i2c_new_device( i2c_adapter // 确定i2c设备存在,直接创建 i2c_board_info ): // 定义好的板载i2c设备的名字,地址 short addr_list[] = { 0x60, 0x50, I2C_CLIENT_END }; // 地址信息 static struct i2c_board_info at24cxx_info = { I2C_BOARD_INFO("at24c08"), }; // 名字信息 2, struct i2c_client * // 如果有匹配的地址列表 ,返回一个生成的i2c_client i2c_new_probed_device(i2c_adapter , i2c_board_info , // 定义好的板载i2c设备的名字 addr_list, // 所有的支持的i2c设备地址 int (*probe)(struct i2c_adapter *, unsigned short addr)):对于"已经识别出来的设备"(probed_device),才会创建("new") 调用传递参数的probe---> probe(adap, addr_list[i]) // 确定设备是否真实存在 info->addr = addr_list[i]; i2c_new_device(adap, info);
at24xx_dev.c源码
static struct i2c_board_info at24cxx_info = { I2C_BOARD_INFO("at24c08", 0x50), }; static struct i2c_client *at24cxx_client; static int at24cxx_dev_init(void) { struct i2c_adapter *i2c_adap; i2c_adap = i2c_get_adapter(0); at24cxx_client = i2c_new_device(i2c_adap, &at24cxx_info); i2c_put_adapter(i2c_adap); return 0; } static void at24cxx_dev_exit(void) { i2c_unregister_device(at24cxx_client); } module_init(at24cxx_dev_init); module_exit(at24cxx_dev_exit); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
static struct i2c_client *at24cxx_client; static const unsigned short addr_list[] = { 0x60, 0x50, I2C_CLIENT_END }; static int at24cxx_dev_init(void) { struct i2c_adapter *i2c_adap; struct i2c_board_info at24cxx_info; memset(&at24cxx_info, 0, sizeof(struct i2c_board_info)); strlcpy(at24cxx_info.type, "at24c08", I2C_NAME_SIZE); i2c_adap = i2c_get_adapter(0); at24cxx_client = i2c_new_probed_device(i2c_adap, &at24cxx_info, addr_list, NULL); i2c_put_adapter(i2c_adap); if (at24cxx_client) return 0; else return -ENODEV; } static void at24cxx_dev_exit(void) { i2c_unregister_device(at24cxx_client); } module_init(at24cxx_dev_init); module_exit(at24cxx_dev_exit); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
3, 从用户空间创建设备i2c_client
创建设备 echo at24c08 0x50 > /sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-0/new_device 导致i2c_new_device被调用 删除设备 echo 0x50 > /sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-0/delete_device 导致i2c_unregister_device
4.用i2c_deriver->detect函数,探测生成i2c_client
前面的3种方法都要事先确定适配器(I2C总线,I2C控制器) 如果我事先并不知道这个I2C设备在哪个适配器上,怎么办?去class表示的所有的适配器上查找 有上一些I2C设备的地址是一样,怎么继续分配它是哪一款?用detect函数 static struct i2c_driver at24cxx_driver = { .class = I2C_CLASS_HWMON, /* 表示去哪些适配器上找设备 */ .driver = { .name = "100ask", .owner = THIS_MODULE, }, .probe = at24cxx_probe, .remove = __devexit_p(at24cxx_remove), .id_table = at24cxx_id_table, .detect = at24cxx_detect, /* 用这个函数来检测设备确实存在 */ .address_list = addr_list, /* 这些设备的地址 */ }; 去"class表示的这一类"I2C适配器,用"detect函数"来确定能否找到"address_list里的设备", 如果能找到就调用i2c_new_device来注册i2c_client, 这会和i2c_driver的id_table比较,如果匹配,调用probe
at24cxx_drv.c源码:
static int __devinit at24cxx_probe(struct i2c_client *client, const struct i2c_device_id *id) { printk("%s %s %d ", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__); return 0; } static int __devexit at24cxx_remove(struct i2c_client *client) { printk("%s %s %d ", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__); return 0; } static const struct i2c_device_id at24cxx_id_table[] = { { "at24c08", 0 }, {} }; static int at24cxx_detect(struct i2c_client *client, struct i2c_board_info *info) { /* 能运行到这里, 表示该addr的设备是存在的 * 但是有些设备单凭地址无法分辨(A芯片的地址是0x50, B芯片的地址也是0x50) * 还需要进一步读写I2C设备来分辨是哪款芯片 * detect就是用来进一步分辨这个芯片是哪一款,并且设置info->type */ printk("at24cxx_detect : addr = 0x%x ", client->addr); /* 进一步判断是哪一款 */ strlcpy(info->type, "at24c08", I2C_NAME_SIZE); return 0; } static const unsigned short addr_list[] = { 0x60, 0x50, I2C_CLIENT_END }; /* 1. 分配/设置i2c_driver */ static struct i2c_driver at24cxx_driver = { .class = I2C_CLASS_HWMON, /* 表示去哪些适配器上找设备 */ .driver = { .name = "100ask", .owner = THIS_MODULE, }, .probe = at24cxx_probe, .remove = __devexit_p(at24cxx_remove), .id_table = at24cxx_id_table, .detect = at24cxx_detect, /* 用这个函数来检测设备确实存在 */ .address_list = addr_list, /* 这些设备的地址 */ }; static int at24cxx_drv_init(void) { /* 2. 注册i2c_driver */ i2c_add_driver(&at24cxx_driver); return 0; } static void at24cxx_drv_exit(void) { i2c_del_driver(&at24cxx_driver); } module_init(at24cxx_drv_init); module_exit(at24cxx_drv_exit); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
注册i2c_driver内部流程
i2c_add_driver i2c_register_driver a. at24cxx_driver放入i2c_bus_type的drv链表 并且从dev链表里取出i2c_client,用i2c_driver->id_table->{"at24c08"}与i2c_client->name比较,
成功则调用i2c_client->probe函数
在probe函数中创建字符设备节点 i2c_client->name 来自 i2c_board_info->I2C_BOARD_INFO("at24c08", 0x50) b. 对于每一个适配器,调用__process_new_driver 对于每一个适配器,调用它的函数确定address_list里的设备是否存在 如果存在,再调用detect进一步确定、设置,然后i2c_new_device /* Walk the adapters that are already present */ i2c_for_each_dev(driver, __process_new_driver); __process_new_driver i2c_do_add_adapter /* Detect supported devices on that bus, and instantiate them */ i2c_detect(adap, driver); for (i = 0; address_list[i] != I2C_CLIENT_END; i += 1) { err = i2c_detect_address(temp_client, driver); /* 判断这个设备是否存在:简单的发出S信号确定有ACK */ if (!i2c_default_probe(adapter, addr)) return 0; memset(&info, 0, sizeof(struct i2c_board_info)); info.addr = addr; // 设置info.type err = driver->detect(temp_client, &info); i2c_new_device
如何创建注册i2c_adapter
static int s3c2440_i2c_xfer(struct i2c_adapter *adap, struct i2c_msg *msgs, int num) { } static u32 s3c2440_i2c_func(struct i2c_adapter *adap) { return I2C_FUNC_I2C | I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_EMUL | I2C_FUNC_PROTOCOL_MANGLING; } static const struct i2c_algorithm s3c2440_i2c_algo = { // .smbus_xfer = , .master_xfer = s3c2440_i2c_xfer, .functionality = s3c2440_i2c_func, }; /* 1. 分配/设置i2c_adapter */ static struct i2c_adapter s3c2440_i2c_adapter = { .name = "s3c2440_100ask", .algo = &s3c2440_i2c_algo, .owner = THIS_MODULE, }; static int i2c_bus_s3c2440_init(void) { /* 2. 注册i2c_adapter */ i2c_add_adapter(&s3c2440_i2c_adapter); return 0; } static void i2c_bus_s3c2440_exit(void) { i2c_del_adapter(&s3c2440_i2c_adapter); } module_init(i2c_bus_s3c2440_init); module_exit(i2c_bus_s3c2440_init); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
如何创建i2c_driver
static int __devinit at24cxx_probe(struct i2c_client *client, const struct i2c_device_id *id) { printk("%s %s %d ", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__); return 0; } static int __devexit at24cxx_remove(struct i2c_client *client) { printk("%s %s %d ", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__); return 0; } static const struct i2c_device_id at24cxx_id_table[] = { { "at24c08", 0 }, {} }; /* 1. 分配/设置i2c_driver */ static struct i2c_driver at24cxx_driver = { .driver = { .name = "100ask", .owner = THIS_MODULE, }, .probe = at24cxx_probe, .remove = __devexit_p(at24cxx_remove), .id_table = at24cxx_id_table, }; static int at24cxx_drv_init(void) { /* 2. 注册i2c_driver */ i2c_add_driver(&at24cxx_driver); return 0; } static void at24cxx_drv_exit(void) { i2c_del_driver(&at24cxx_driver); } module_init(at24cxx_drv_init); module_exit(at24cxx_drv_exit); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");