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  • 熔断器Hystrix及服务监控Dashboard

    目标

    1、服务雪崩效应
    2、服务熔断服务降级
    3、Hystrix默认超时时间设置
    4、Hystrix服务监控Dashboard

    服务雪崩效应

    当一个请求依赖多个服务的时候:

    正常情况下的访问 

     

    但是,当请求的服务中出现无法访问、异常、超时等问题时(图中的I),那么用户的请求将会被阻塞。

     

    Hystrix的引入,可以通过服务熔断和服务降级来解决这个问题。

    服务熔断服务降级

    Hystrix断路器简介

    hystrix对应的中文名字是“豪猪”,豪猪周身长满了刺,能保护自己不受天敌的伤害,代表了一种防御机制,这与hystrix本身的功能不谋而合,因此Netflix团队将该框架命名为Hystrix,并使用了对应的卡通形象做作为logo。

     

    在一个分布式系统里,许多依赖不可避免的会调用失败,比如超时、异常等,如何能够保证在一个依赖出问题的情况下,不会导致整体服务失败,这个就是Hystrix需要做的事情。Hystrix提供了熔断、隔离、Fallback、cache、监控等功能,能够在一个、或多个依赖同时出现问题时保证系统依然可用。

    Hystrix服务熔断服务降级@HystrixCommand fallbackMethod

    熔断机制是应对雪崩效应的一种微服务链路保护机制。

    当某个服务不可用或者响应时间超时,会进行服务降级,进而熔断该节点的服务调用,快速返回自定义的错误影响页面信息。

    我们写个项目来测试下;

    我们写一个新的带服务熔断的服务提供者项目 microservice-student-provider-hystrix-1004

    配置和 代码 都复制一份到这个项目里;

    然后修改;

    1,pom.xml加下 hystrix支持

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <parent>
            <groupId>com.jt</groupId>
            <artifactId>microservice</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
        <artifactId>microservice-student-provider-hystrix-1004</artifactId>
    
        <properties>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <!--  修改后立即生效,热部署  -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.jt</groupId>
                <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
                <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
                <scope>compile</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
                <version>1.4.5.RELEASE</version>
                <scope>compile</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--添加注册中心Eureka相关配置-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <!--Hystrix相关依赖-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <!-- actuator监控引入 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.jt</groupId>
                <artifactId>microservice-student-provider</artifactId>
                <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
                <scope>compile</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
    
    </project>

    2,application.yml修改下端口和实例名称

    server:
      port: 1004
      context-path: /
    spring:
      datasource:
        type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
        driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
        url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/xm1?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
        username: root
        password: 123
      jpa:
        hibernate:
          ddl-auto: update
        show-sql: true
      application:
        name: microservice-student
      profiles: provider-hystrix-1004
    
    eureka:
      instance:
        hostname: localhost
        appname: microservice-student
        instance-id: microservice-student:1004
        prefer-ip-address: true
      client:
        service-url:
          defaultZone: http://eureka2001.jt.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.jt.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.jt.com:2003/eureka/
    
    info:
      groupId: com.jt.testSpringcloud
      artifactId: microservice-student-provider-hystrix-1004
      version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
      userName: http://jt.com
      phone: 123456

    3,启动类StudentProviderHystrixApplication_1004加下注解支持 @EnableCircuitBreaker

    package com.jt.microservicestudentproviderhystrix1004;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan;
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
    
    @EnableCircuitBreaker
    @EntityScan("com.jt.*.*")
    @EnableEurekaClient
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class MicroserviceStudentProviderHystrix1004Application {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentProviderHystrix1004Application.class, args);
        }
    
    }

    4,服务提供者1004中controller新增

    package com.jt.microservicestudentproviderhystrix1004.controller;
    
    import com.jt.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
    import com.jt.microservicestudentproviderhystrix1004.service.StudentService;
    import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
    
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    @RestController
    @RequestMapping("/student")
    public class StudentProviderController {
     
        @Autowired
        private StudentService studentService;
    
        @Value("${server.port}")
        private String port;
    
        @PostMapping(value="/save")
        public boolean save(Student student){
            try{
                studentService.save(student);  
                return true;
            }catch(Exception e){
                return false;
            }
        }
         
        @GetMapping(value="/list")
        public List<Student> list(){
            return studentService.list();
        }
         
        @GetMapping(value="/get/{id}")
        public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
            return studentService.findById(id);
        }
         
        @GetMapping(value="/delete/{id}")
        public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
            try{
                studentService.delete(id);
                return true;
            }catch(Exception e){
                return false;
            }
        }
        @RequestMapping("/ribbon")
        public String ribbon(){
            return "工号【"+port+"】正在为您服务";
        }
        /**
         * 测试Hystrix服务降级
         * @return
         * @throws InterruptedException
         */
        @ResponseBody
        @GetMapping(value="/hystrix")
        @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod="hystrixFallback")
        public Map<String,Object> hystrix() throws InterruptedException{
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<String,Object>();
            map.put("code", 200);
            map.put("info","工号【"+port+"】正在为您服务");
            return map;
        }
    
        public Map<String,Object> hystrixFallback() throws InterruptedException{
            Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<String,Object>();
            map.put("code", 500);
            map.put("info", "系统【"+port+"】繁忙,稍后重试");
            return map;
        }
    }

    这里我正常访问 返回的是 200  业务数据xxxxx 

    但是我们这里Thread.sleep(2000) 模拟超时;

    这里的话 我们加上@HystrixCommand注解 以及 fallbackMethod

    表明这个方法我们再 没有异常以及没有超时(hystrix默认1秒算超时)的情况,才返回正常的业务数据;

    否则,进入我们fallback指定的本地方法,我们搞的是500  系统出错,稍后重试,有效的解决雪崩效应,以及返回给用户界面

    很好的报错提示信息;

    microservice-student-consumer-80项目也要对应的加个方法

    package com.jt.microservicestudentconsumer80.controller;
    
    import com.jt.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    @RestController
    @RequestMapping("/student")
    public class StudentConsumerController {
    
        private final static String SERVER_IP_PORT = "http://MICROSERVICE-STUDENT";
     
         @Autowired
         private RestTemplate restTemplate;
          
         @PostMapping(value="/save")
         private boolean save(Student student){
             return restTemplate.postForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/save", student, Boolean.class);
         }
          
        @GetMapping(value="/list")
        public List<Student> list(){
            return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/list", List.class);
        }
         
        @GetMapping(value="/get/{id}")
        public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
            return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/get/"+id, Student.class);
        }
         
        @GetMapping(value="/delete/{id}")
        public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
            try{
                restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/delete/"+id, Boolean.class);
                return true;
            }catch(Exception e){
                return false;
            }
    
        }
        @RequestMapping("/ribbon")
        public String ribbon() {
            return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT + "/student/ribbon", String.class);
        }
        /**
         * 测试Hystrix服务降级
         * @return
         */
        @GetMapping(value="/hystrix")
        @ResponseBody
        public Map<String,Object> hystrix(){
            return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/hystrix/", Map.class);
        }
    }

    5,然后我们来测试下

    先启动三个eureka,再启动带hystrix的provider,最后启动普通的consumer;

     

    Hystrix默认超时时间设置

    Hystrix默认超时时间是1秒,我们可以通过hystrix源码看到,

    找到 hystrix-core.jar com.netflix.hystrix包下的HystrixCommandProperties类

    default_executionTimeoutInMilliseconds属性局势默认的超时时间

    我们系统里假如要自定义设置hystrix的默认时间的话;

    application.yml配置文件加上

    hystrix:
      command:
        default:
          execution:
            isolation:
              thread:
                timeoutInMilliseconds: 3000

     

     

    Hystrix服务监控Dashboard

    Hystrix服务监控Dashboard仪表盘

    Hystrix提供了 准实时的服务调用监控项目Dashboard,能够实时记录通过Hystrix发起的请求执行情况,

    可以通过图表的形式展现给用户看。

    我们新建项目:microservice-student-consumer-hystrix-dashboard-90

    加依赖:

    <!--Hystrix服务监控Dashboard依赖-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    application.yml配置

    server:
      port: 90
      servlet:
        context-path: /

    新建启动类:StudentConsumerDashBoardApplication_90

    加注解:@EnableHystrixDashboard

    package com.jt.microservicestudentconsumerhystrixdashboard90;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.dashboard.EnableHystrixDashboard;
    
    @SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
    @EnableHystrixDashboard
    public class MicroserviceStudentConsumerHystrixDashboard90Application {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentConsumerHystrixDashboard90Application.class, args);
        }
    
    }

    这样就完事了。

     

    我们启动这个项目;

    然后浏览器输入:http://localhost:90/hystrix

     

     

     

     

    指标含义:

     

    各种情况:

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ztbk/p/12008010.html
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