Mysql主从复制
1，环境
主服务器master：192.168.10.23
从服务器slave：192.168.10.18
2.安装Mysql
避免安装之后可能出现的各种异常，请清理掉MySQL的历史安装文件，
yum方式安装的MySQL
1.1 终端输入yum list installed mysql*查看历史安装列表；
1.2 使用yum remove [name]命令卸载安装包；
rpm方式安装的MySQL
2.1 终端输入rpm -qa | grep -i mysql命令查看历史安装列表；
2.2 使用rpm -ev [name]命令卸载安装包；
重点
3.1 终端输入 find / -name mysql命令查看各种分散的mysql安装文件或文件夹；
3.2 使用rm -rvf [name]命令删除所有的msyql残余文件；
3.3 输入find / -name my.cnf命令查看残余的mysql配置文件，然后使用rm -rvf [name]删除这些配置文件.
在主从节点服务器上分别安装MySQL，并保证两台服务的时间一致。
# yum -y install mysql mysql-devel mysql-server Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Setting up Install Process Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.cn99.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.cn99.com base | 3.7 kB 00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00 Package mysql-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64 already installed and latest version Package mysql-devel-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64 already installed and latest version Package mysql-server-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64 already installed and latest version Nothing to do # mysql --version mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.73, for redhat-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.1 #
3.配置
配置Master的mysql配置文件，/etc/my.cnf
# cat /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir = /data/mysql #数据库地址目录 socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock user = mysql #mysql 运行用户 #Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links = 0 #0表示禁用符号连接 log-bin = mysql-bin #启用二进制日志 server-id = 1 #服务器ID，可1-之间的任意整数 auto_increment_offset = 1 auto_increment_increment = 2 [mysqld_safe] log-error = /var/log/mysqld.log pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid replicate-do-db = all #同步的数据库 #
创建刚才设置的数据库目录，并赋予mysql用户权限
# mkdir /data/mysql/ -p # chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/ # ll -d /data/mysql/ drwxr-xr-x. 6 mysql mysql 4096 Sep 18 18:42 /data/mysql/ #
关闭防火墙，selinx，不然会mysql启动会报错
[Warning] Can't create test file /data/mysql/server2.lower-test
如果mysql已有旧的数据库，再启动会报错：
Table 'mysql.plugin' doesn't exist
利用mv -r /var/lib/mysql /目的地把已有的/var/lib/mysql下的数据库移动到别的地方，或者直接用rm -rf /var/lib/mysql 删除，然后再重新启动 service mysqld restart 就可以了。
重启mysql服务
# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Stopping mysqld: [ OK ] Starting mysqld: [ OK ] # ps -ef | grep mysql root 15393 7145 0 16:42 pts/1 00:00:00 mysql root 17368 1 0 18:42 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --basedir=/usr --user=mysql mysql 17485 17368 0 18:42 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/data/mysql --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock root 17543 16800 0 18:45 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mysql #
mysql启动后，进入mysql建立帐户并授权slave，查询出master 的file和position参数。
# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.1.73-log Source distribution mysql> mysql> mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'tongbu'@'%' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000008 | 255 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
配置从储服务器slave的mysql的配置
# cat /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir = /data/mysql #数据库地址跟主服务器一致 socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock user = mysql #Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links = 0 log-bin = mysql-bin server-id = 2 #服务器ID，更换一个 auto_increment_offset = 2 auto_increment_increment = 2 [mysqld_safe] log-error = /var/log/mysqld.log pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid master-host = 192.168.10.23 master-user = tongbu master-pass = 123456 master-port = 3306 master-connect-retry = 60 replicate-do-db = all
同样创建刚才设置的数据库目录，并赋予mysql用户权限。
关闭防火墙，selinx，启动mysql
[root@nagios usr]# service mysqld restart
Stopping mysqld: [ OK ]
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
#
进入mysql，设置同步源，启动同步，并查询状态
# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.1.73-log Source distribution mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.10.23',master_user='tongbu',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000008',master_log_pos=255; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) mysql> mysql> slave start; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show slave statusG *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.10.23 Master_User: tongbu Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000008 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 255 Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 251 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000008 Slave_IO_Running: Yes # Slave_SQL_Running: Yes #YES表示已与主服务器数据库连接成功 Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 255 Relay_Log_Space: 407 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
4.测试
在主数据库上新增一个数据库表，查看从数据库有没有同步
mysql> create database test01; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | test | | test01 | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | test | | test01 | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
这样简单的Mysql主从服务就搭建好了。