数据文件管理
1. datafile add 2. datafile delete 3. datafile resize 4. datafile rename
1. datafile add
添加表空间，从而添加datafile
SQL> create tablespace tbs_skate 2 datafile '+datagroup' size 20m;
Tablespace created
SQL> select tablespace_name,status,extent_management,segment_space_management from dba_tablespaces 2 ;
TABLESPACE_NAME STATUS EXTENT_MANAGEMENT SEGMENT_SPACE_MANAGEMENT ------------------------------ --------- ----------------- ------------------------ SYSTEM ONLINE LOCAL MANUAL UNDOTBS1 ONLINE LOCAL MANUAL SYSAUX ONLINE LOCAL AUTO TEMP ONLINE LOCAL MANUAL USERS ONLINE LOCAL AUTO GPTBS ONLINE LOCAL AUTO TBS_SKATE ONLINE LOCAL AUTO
7 rows selected
SQL> select name,status,bytes from v$datafile;
NAME STATUS BYTES -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- ---------- +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/system.256.714060783 SYSTEM 513802240 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/undotbs1.258.714060783 ONLINE 36700160 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/sysaux.257.714060783 ONLINE 408944640 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/users.259.714060783 ONLINE 5242880 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.270.714914383 ONLINE 104857600 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.271.719943181 ONLINE 10485760 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745 ONLINE 20971520
7 rows selected
SQL>
给表空间新增加datafile
SQL> alter tablespace tbs_skate add 2 datafile '+datagroup' size 20m;
Tablespace altered
SQL> select name,status,bytes from v$datafile;
NAME STATUS BYTES -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- ---------- +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/system.256.714060783 SYSTEM 513802240 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/undotbs1.258.714060783 ONLINE 36700160 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/sysaux.257.714060783 ONLINE 408944640 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/users.259.714060783 ONLINE 5242880 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.270.714914383 ONLINE 104857600 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.271.719943181 ONLINE 10485760 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745 ONLINE 20971520 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.273.719949047 ONLINE 20971520
8 rows selected
SQL>
2. datafile delete
SQL> alter database datafile 8 offline;
alter database datafile 8 offline
ORA-01145: offline immediate disallowed unless media recovery enabled
出现这个错误的原因是因为这个库是noarchivelog模式的不能直接offline，要用offline drop，而如果是archivelog模式，使用哪个那就无所谓了。再用offline drop删除datafile时候，在dba_data_files和v$datafile视图里都存在，只是相应的字段信息已经改变；并且在v$recover_file也有相应的信息，目的是为了恢复。
SQL> alter database datafile 8 offline drop;
Database altered
SQL> select file#,name,status,bytes from v$datafile;
FILE# NAME STATUS BYTES ---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- ---------- 1 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/system.256.714060783 SYSTEM 513802240 2 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/undotbs1.258.714060783 ONLINE 36700160 3 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/sysaux.257.714060783 ONLINE 408944640 4 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/users.259.714060783 ONLINE 5242880 5 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.270.714914383 ONLINE 104857600 6 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.271.719943181 ONLINE 10485760 7 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745 ONLINE 20971520 8 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.273.719949047 RECOVER 20971520
8 rows selected
SQL> select * from v$recover_file;
FILE# ONLINE ONLINE_STATUS ERROR CHANGE# TIME ---------- ------- ------------- ------------------ ---------- ----------- 8 OFFLINE OFFLINE 5283160 2010-5-25 1
SQL>
视图v$recover_file里存在记录，说明有需要恢复的文件，需要recover
SQL> alter tablespace tbs_skate drop datafile 8;
alter tablespace tbs_skate drop datafile 8
ORA-03264: cannot drop offline datafile of locally managed tablespace
这个错误提示不能删除本地管理的offline的datafile，那我就把它online
SQL> alter database datafile 8 online;
alter database datafile 8 online
ORA-01113: file 8 needs media recovery ORA-01110: data file 8: '+DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.273.719949047'
结果提示需要恢复文件，那就恢复数据文件8
SQL> recover datafile 8; Media recovery complete. SQL>
恢复完后确定datafile 8的状态，然后online数据文件
SQL> select * from v$recover_file;
FILE# ONLINE ONLINE_STATUS ERROR CHANGE# TIME ---------- ------- ------------- ------------------ ---------- -----------
SQL> select file#,name,status,bytes from v$datafile;
FILE# NAME STATUS BYTES ---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- ---------- 1 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/system.256.714060783 SYSTEM 513802240 2 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/undotbs1.258.714060783 ONLINE 36700160 3 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/sysaux.257.714060783 ONLINE 408944640 4 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/users.259.714060783 ONLINE 5242880 5 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.270.714914383 ONLINE 104857600 6 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.271.719943181 ONLINE 10485760 7 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745 ONLINE 20971520 8 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.273.719949047 OFFLINE 20971520
8 rows selected
SQL> alter database datafile 8 online;
Database altered
SQL>
这回就可以删除数据文件8了
SQL> alter tablespace tbs_skate drop datafile 8;
Tablespace altered
SQL> select * from v$recover_file;
FILE# ONLINE ONLINE_STATUS ERROR CHANGE# TIME ---------- ------- ------------- ------------------ ---------- -----------
SQL> select file#,name,status,bytes from v$datafile;
FILE# NAME STATUS BYTES ---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- ---------- 1 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/system.256.714060783 SYSTEM 513802240 2 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/undotbs1.258.714060783 ONLINE 36700160 3 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/sysaux.257.714060783 ONLINE 408944640 4 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/users.259.714060783 ONLINE 5242880 5 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.270.714914383 ONLINE 104857600 6 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.271.719943181 ONLINE 10485760 7 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745 ONLINE 20971520
7 rows selected
SQL>
还可以通过数据文件名字直接删除数据文件
SQL> select file#,name,status,bytes from v$datafile;
FILE# NAME STATUS BYTES ---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- ---------- 1 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/system.256.714060783 SYSTEM 513802240 2 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/undotbs1.258.714060783 ONLINE 36700160 3 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/sysaux.257.714060783 ONLINE 408944640 4 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/users.259.714060783 ONLINE 5242880 5 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.270.714914383 ONLINE 104857600 6 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.271.719943181 ONLINE 10485760 7 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745 ONLINE 20971520
7 rows selected
SQL> alter tablespace tbs_skate drop datafile '+DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745';
alter tablespace tbs_skate drop datafile '+DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745'
ORA-03261: the tablespace TBS_SKATE has only one file
这个错误说明表空间里必须要有至少一个数据文件
SQL> alter tablespace tbs_skate add datafile '+datagroup' size 20m;
Tablespace altered
SQL> select file#,name,status,bytes from v$datafile;
FILE# NAME STATUS BYTES ---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- ---------- 1 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/system.256.714060783 SYSTEM 513802240 2 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/undotbs1.258.714060783 ONLINE 36700160 3 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/sysaux.257.714060783 ONLINE 408944640 4 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/users.259.714060783 ONLINE 5242880 5 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.270.714914383 ONLINE 104857600 6 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.271.719943181 ONLINE 10485760 7 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745 ONLINE 20971520 8 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.273.719951265 ONLINE 20971520
8 rows selected
SQL> alter tablespace tbs_skate drop datafile '+DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.273.719951265';
Tablespace altered
SQL>
3. datafile resize
SQL> select file#,name,status,bytes from v$datafile;
FILE# NAME STATUS BYTES ---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- ---------- 1 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/system.256.714060783 SYSTEM 513802240 2 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/undotbs1.258.714060783 ONLINE 36700160 3 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/sysaux.257.714060783 ONLINE 408944640 4 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/users.259.714060783 ONLINE 5242880 5 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.270.714914383 ONLINE 104857600 6 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.271.719943181 ONLINE 10485760 7 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745 ONLINE 20971520
7 rows selected
SQL> alter database datafile '+DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745' resize 40m;
Database altered
SQL> select file#,name,status,bytes from v$datafile;
FILE# NAME STATUS BYTES ---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- ---------- 1 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/system.256.714060783 SYSTEM 513802240 2 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/undotbs1.258.714060783 ONLINE 36700160 3 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/sysaux.257.714060783 ONLINE 408944640 4 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/users.259.714060783 ONLINE 5242880 5 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.270.714914383 ONLINE 104857600 6 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.271.719943181 ONLINE 10485760 7 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745 ONLINE 41943040
7 rows selected
SQL> alter database datafile '+DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745' resize 10m;
Database altered
SQL> select file#,name,status,bytes from v$datafile;
FILE# NAME STATUS BYTES ---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- ---------- 1 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/system.256.714060783 SYSTEM 513802240 2 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/undotbs1.258.714060783 ONLINE 36700160 3 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/sysaux.257.714060783 ONLINE 408944640 4 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/users.259.714060783 ONLINE 5242880 5 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.270.714914383 ONLINE 104857600 6 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.271.719943181 ONLINE 10485760 7 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745 ONLINE 10485760
7 rows selected
SQL>
4. datafile rename
SQL> alter database rename file '/tmp/tbs_skate02' to '/tmp/tbs_skate03';
alter database rename file '/tmp/tbs_skate02' to '/tmp/tbs_skate03'
ORA-01511: error in renaming log/data files ORA-01121: cannot rename database file 8 - file is in use or recovery ORA-01110: data file 8: '/tmp/tbs_skate02'
错误提示文件在使用
SQL> alter tablespace tbs_skate offline;
Tablespace altered
SQL> alter database rename file '/tmp/tbs_skate02' to '/tmp/tbs_skate03';
alter database rename file '/tmp/tbs_skate02' to '/tmp/tbs_skate03'
ORA-01511: error in renaming log/data files ORA-01141: error renaming data file 8 - new file '/tmp/tbs_skate03' not found ORA-01110: data file 8: '/tmp/tbs_skate02' ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory Additional information: 3
要先把文件'/tmp/tbs_skate02' 物理的copy到'/tmp/tbs_skate03' ，然后在继续执行就会ok
SQL> alter database rename file '/tmp/tbs_skate02' to '/tmp/tbs_skate03';
Database altered
SQL> select file#,name,status,bytes from v$datafile;
FILE# NAME STATUS BYTES ---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- ---------- 1 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/system.256.714060783 SYSTEM 513802240 2 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/undotbs1.258.714060783 ONLINE 36700160 3 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/sysaux.257.714060783 ONLINE 408944640 4 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/users.259.714060783 ONLINE 5242880 5 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.270.714914383 ONLINE 104857600 6 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/gptbs.271.719943181 ONLINE 10485760 7 +DATAGROUP/dbgp/datafile/tbs_skate.272.719947745 OFFLINE 0 8 /tmp/tbs_skate03 OFFLINE 0
8 rows selected
SQL> alter tablespace tbs_skate online;
Tablespace altered
SQL>
要是asm文件，除了recover外，我还真不知道如何直接重命名，因为在rename之前，要先物理的把文件cp过去，asm在10g里没有相应的命令 在11g里有了cp命令。