centos7 rpm安装mysql（自定义datadir）

之前写过一个linux安装centos7过程，感觉写的不太完善，现在更新一个新版本的

安装条件

centos7 rpm安装mysql

参考资料

https://blog.csdn.net/wudinaniya/article/details/81094578

https://www.cnblogs.com/zxporz/p/5796730.html

下载地址

https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

安装过程

请严格按照步骤执行，否则可能入坑

解压

cd /opt/
tar xvf mysql-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

清除已安装版本

rpm -qa|grep mysql
sudo yum remove mysql-libs
rpm -qa|grep mariadb
sudo yum remove mariadb-libs

按照以下顺序安装

sudo rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
sudo rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
sudo rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
sudo rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

做如下改动才能更换datadir

chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql
#临时关闭SELinux
setenforce 0
#永久关闭SELinux
vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=enforcing改为disabled

准备目录以及配置文件

cd /var/lib
rm -rf mysql
ln -s /opt/mysql/data ./mysql
cd ./mysql
# 清空data目录
rm -f *

mkdir /opt/mysql
mkdir /opt/mysql/data
mkdir /opt/mysql/logs
mkdir /opt/mysql_bak
vi /etc/my.cnf

配置文件以及对应解释如下

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
# 不要改位置，建立软连接也算改位置需要关闭SELinux
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
# Mysql有两种连接方式：
#（1）TCP/IP
#（2）socket
# 对mysql.sock来说，其作用是 程序与mysqlserver处于同一台机器，发起本地连接时可用。
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
max_connections=10000
max_connect_errors=10000
default-time-zone = '+8:00'
# 错误日志，不要改位置，否则很麻烦
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
# MySQL pid 文件记录的是当前 mysqld 进程的 pid，pid 亦即 Process ID
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
character-set-server=utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
[client]
default-character-set=utf8  

启动mysql命令（root用户）

# 启动mysql
sudo  systemctl start mysqld.service    
# 查看mysql状态
sudo  systemctl status mysqld.service  
# 关闭mysql
sudo  systemctl stop mysqld.service   
# 重启mysql
sudo  service  mysqld  restart

设置root密码

[root@crpt-db data]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2020-12-23T07:41:24.636462Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: i*Ll(hjuw9Ho
2020-12-23T07:43:14.334119Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: qKaLo<duo7l;
2020-12-23T07:46:52.810917Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: :IFry3u<:IXr
2020-12-23T08:11:27.584015Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: *Z.U#ojok9wt
2020-12-23T08:39:16.967025Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: h-N8+Smgsj+f

h-N8+Smgsj+f为密码

mysql -uroot -p
输入密码即可登录
alter user root@localhost identified by 'yourpwd';
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'yourpwd';
flush privileges;