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  • Spring学习(十四)----- Spring Auto Scanning Components —— 自动扫描组件

     一、Spring Auto Scanning Components —— 自动扫描组件

    通常你可以在xml配置文件中,声明一个bean或者component,然后Spring容器会检查和注册你的bean或component。实际上,Spring支持自动扫描bean或component,你可以不必再在xml文件中繁琐的声明bean,Spring会自动扫描、检查你指定包的bean或component。

    以下列举一个简单的Spring Project,包含了Customer、Service、DAO层,让我们来看一下手动配置和自动扫描的不同。

    1. Declares Components Manually——手动配置component

    先看一下正常手动配置一个bean

    DAO层,CustomerDAO.java如下:

    package com.lei.customer.dao;
     
    public class CustomerDAO 
    {
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Hello , This is CustomerDAO";
        }    
    }

    Service层,CustomerService.java如下:

    package com.lei.customer.services;
     
    import com.lei.customer.dao.CustomerDAO;
     
    public class CustomerService 
    {
        CustomerDAO customerDAO;
     
        public void setCustomerDAO(CustomerDAO customerDAO) {
            this.customerDAO = customerDAO;
        }
     
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "CustomerService [customerDAO=" + customerDAO + "]";
        }
     
    }

    配置文件,Spring-Customer.xml文件如下:

    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
     
        <bean id="customerService" class="com.lei.customer.services.CustomerService">
            <property name="customerDAO" ref="customerDAO" />
        </bean>
     
        <bean id="customerDAO" class="com.lei.customer.dao.CustomerDAO" />
     
    </beans>

    运行如下代码,App.java如下:

    package com.lei.common;
     
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
     
    import com.lei.customer.services.CustomerService;
     
    public class App 
    {
        public static void main( String[] args )
        {
            ApplicationContext context = 
              new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] {"Spring-Customer.xml"});
     
            CustomerService cust = (CustomerService)context.getBean("customerService");
            System.out.println(cust);
     
        }
    }
    输出结果:CustomerService [customerDAO=Hello , This is CustomerDAO]

    2.Auto Components Scanning——自动扫描组件

    现在,看一下怎样运用Spring的自动扫描。

    用注释@Component来表示这个Class是一个自动扫描组件。

    Customer.java如下:

    package com.lei.customer.dao;
     
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
     
    @Component
    public class CustomerDAO 
    {
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Hello , This is CustomerDAO";
        }    
    }

    CustomerService.java如下:

    package com.lei.customer.services;
     
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
     
    import com.lei.customer.dao.CustomerDAO;
     
    @Component
    public class CustomerService 
    {
        @Autowired
        CustomerDAO customerDAO;
     
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "CustomerService [customerDAO=" + customerDAO + "]";
        }
    }

    配置文件Spring-customer.xml如下

    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
     
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.lei.customer" />
     
    </beans>

    注意:

    以上xml文件中,加入了“context:component-scan”标签,这样就将Spring的自动扫描特性引入,base-package表示你的组件的存放位置,Spring将扫描对应文件夹下的bean(用@Component注释过的),将这些bean注册到容器中。

           最后运行结果与手动配置的结果一致。

    3.Custom auto scan component name——自定义扫描组件名称

    上例中,默认情况下,Spring将把组件Class的第一个字母变成小写,来作为自动扫描组件的名称,例如将“CustomerService”转变为“customerservice”,你可以用“customerService”这个名字调用组件,如下:

    CustomerService cust = (CustomerService)context.getBean("customerService");

    你可以像下边这样,创建自定义的组件名称:

    @Service("AAA")
    public class CustomerService 
    ...

    现在,可以调用自己定义的组件了,如下:

    CustomerService cust = (CustomerService)context.getBean("AAA");

    4.Auto Components Scan Antotation Types——自动扫描组件的注释类型

    有4种注释类型,分别是:

    @Component      ——表示一个自动扫描component

    @Repository              ——表示持久化层的DAO component

    @Service             ——表示业务逻辑层的Service component

    @Controller        ——表示表示层的Controller component

     

    以上4种,在应用时,我们应该用哪一种?让我们先看一下@Repository、@Service、@Controller的源代码

    @Target({ElementType.TYPE})
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Documented
    @Component
    public @interface Repository {
     
        String value() default "";
     
    }

    你还可以看一下@Service、@Controller的源代码,发现它们都用@Component注释过了,所以,在项目中,我们可以将所有自动扫描组件都用@Component注释,Spring将会扫描所有用@Component注释过得组件。

           实际上,@Repository、@Service、@Controller三种注释是为了加强代码的阅读性而创造的,你可以在不同的应用层中,用不同的注释,就像下边这样。

    DAO层:

    package com.lei.customer.dao;
     
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
     
    @Repository
    public class CustomerDAO 
    {
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Hello , This is CustomerDAO";
        }    
    }

    Service层:

    package com.lei.customer.services;
     
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
     
    import com.lei.customer.dao.CustomerDAO;
     
    @Service
    public class CustomerService 
    {
        @Autowired
        CustomerDAO customerDAO;
     
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "CustomerService [customerDAO=" + customerDAO + "]";
        }
     
    }

    二、Spring Filter Components In Auto Scanning —— 在自动扫描中过滤组件

    1.Filter Component——include

    下例演示了用“filter”自动扫描注册组件,这些组件只要匹配定义的“regex”的命名规则,Clasee前就不需要用@Component进行注释。

    DAO层,CustomerDAO.java如下:

    package com.lei.customer.dao;
     
    public class CustomerDAO 
    {
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Hello , This is CustomerDAO";
        }    
    }

    Service层,CustomerService.java如下:

    package com.lei.customer.services;
     
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import com.lei.customer.dao.CustomerDAO;
     
    public class CustomerService 
    {
        @Autowired
        CustomerDAO customerDAO;
     
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "CustomerService [customerDAO=" + customerDAO + "]";
        }
     
    }

    Spring Filtering,xml配置如下:

    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
     
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.lei" >
     
            <context:include-filter type="regex" 
                           expression="com.lei.customer.dao.*DAO.*" />
     
            <context:include-filter type="regex" 
                           expression="com.lei.customer.services.*Service.*" />
     
        </context:component-scan>
     
    </beans>

    注意:

    以上xml文件中,所有文件名字,只要包含DAO和Service(*DAO.*,*Service.*)关键字的,都将被检查注册到Spring容器中。

     

    运行以下代码:

    package com.lei.common;
     
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
     
    import com.lei.customer.services.CustomerService;
     
    public class App 
    {
        public static void main( String[] args )
        {
            ApplicationContext context = 
            new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] {"Spring-AutoScan.xml"});
     
            CustomerService cust = (CustomerService)context.getBean("customerService");
            System.out.println(cust);
     
        }
    }
    运行结果:CustomerService [customerDAO=Hello , This is CustomerDAO]

    2.Filter Component——exclude

    你也可以用exclude,制定组件避免被Spring发现并被注册到容器中。

    以下配置排除用@Service注释过的组件

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.lei.customer" >
            <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" 
                expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Service" />        
    </context:component-scan>

    以下配置排除包含“DAO”关键字的组件

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.lei" >
            <context:exclude-filter type="regex" 
                expression="com.lei.customer.dao.*DAO.*" />        
    </context:component-scan>
    作者:逆舟
    https://www.cnblogs.com/zy-jiayou/
    本博客文章均为作者原创,转载请注明作者和原文链接。
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zy-jiayou/p/7723850.html
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