Oracle11g-linux安装

1、检查交换空间

用fdisk命令（例：# fdisk /dev/sdb）对磁盘进行分区，添加swap分区，新建分区，在fdisk中用“t”命令将新添的分区id改为82（Linux swap类型），最后用w将操作实际写入硬盘（没用w之前的操作是无效的）。

 # mkswap /dev/xvde2 #格式化swap分区，这里的sdb2要看您加完后p命令显示的实际分区设备名

 # swapon /dev/xvde2 #启动新的swap分区

 为了让系统启动时能自动启用这个交换分区，可以编辑/etc/fstab,加入下面一行

/dev/xvde2               swap                   swap    defaults        0 00

mkfs.ext4 /dev/tianyiyun/etfs

磁盘挂载： 磁盘使用fdisk 命令分区之后，选择需要使用的分区 通过 mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvde1    来格式化该分区,

然后使用命令 blkid   查看分区后的UUID

复制对应的UUID使用vim  /etc/fstab 命令编辑  /etc/fstab   来加入下行设置磁盘的永久挂载点（本例挂载到 /app 目录）

UUID=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  /app  ext4 defaults  00

2、修改主机名禁用防火墙

  vim /etc/sysconfig/network

  vim /etc/hosts

  sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config  

  setenforce 0

  chkconfig iptables off

  service iptables stop

  service iptables status

3、检查依赖包

rpm -q --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE}(%{ARCH}) ' binutils

elfutils-libelf

elfutils-libelf-devel

gcc

gcc-c++

glibc

glibc-common

glibc-devel

glibc-headers

libaio

libaio-devel

libgcc

libstdc++

libstdc++-devel

make

sysstat

unixODBC

unixODBC-devel

4、根据缺少的安装依赖包

----其中pdksh依赖包无法通过yum 在线安装，需要下载它的rpm 包 使用 rpm方式安装

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf

elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-common glibc-devel

libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel

unixODBC unixODBC-devel

rpm -e ksh-20120801-35.el6_9.x86_64

rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm

yum -y install glibc*.i686*

yum -y install compat-libstdc++*x86*64*

yum -y install elfutils-libelf-devel

yum -y install libaio-devel

yum -y install  elfutils-libelf-devel

yum -y install libaio-devel

yum -y install unixODBC

yum -y install unixODBC-devel

5、设置操作系统参数

vim /etc/sysctl.conf

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 9000 65500  

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576  

fs.file-max = 6815744  

kernel.shmall = 10523004  

kernel.shmmax = 6465333657  

kernel.shmmni = 4096  

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128  

net.core.rmem_default=262144  

net.core.wmem_default=262144  

net.core.rmem_max=4194304  

net.core.wmem_max=1048576

sysctl -p                        ---检查配置是否有报错

/sbin/sysctl -a   确认所有值已修改好

6、设置操作系统资源限制配置

vim /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle soft nproc 2047  

oracle hard nproc 16384  

oracle soft nofile 4096  

oracle hard nofile 65536  

grid soft nproc 2047  

grid hard nproc 16384  

grid soft nofile 1024  

grid hard nofile 65536

7、在namespace 下面加入这三行

vim /etc/pam.d/login

session    required    /lib64/security/pam_limits.so

session    required    /lib/security/pam_limits.so

session    required    pam_limits.so

8、添加oracle用户分配用户组

 groupadd oinstall

 groupadd dba

 groupadd oper

 useradd -u600 -g oinstall oracle

 usermod -G dba,oper oracle

 id oracle

 passwd oracle

9、创建oracle主目录，分配给oracle用户相应权限

 mkdir /oracle/u01

 mkdir /oracle/u02

 chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle/u01

 chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle/u02

 su oracle

 mkdir -p /oracle/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

 mkdir -p /oracle/u02/oradata

 mkdir -p /oracle/u02/oradata/oracledb

10、以oracle用户登录：设置环境变量

vim ~/.bash_profile

ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/u01/app/oracle;

export ORACLE_BASE  

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1;

export ORACLE_HOME  

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib;

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH  

ORACLE_SID=oracledb; export ORACLE_SID  

ORA_NLS33=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/admin/data;

export ORA_NLS33  

NLS_LANG=american_america.zhs16gbk;

export NLS_LANG  

PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH;

export PATH

source ~/.bash_profile             ----使刚配置的环境变量生效

11、安装桌面

runlevel

yum grouplist | more

yum -y groupinstall "desktop" "X Window System"

/etc/inittab文件，修改启级别为5，如下图，然后重新启动就可以进入桌面环境了。因为我这是远程环境的，只是运用了命令行，可以使用VNC进行桌面环境的远程。

将    id:3:initdefault:    改为     id:5:initdefault:

12、安装vnc

yum install tigervnc-server -y

chkconfig vncserver on

vim /etc/sysconfig/vncservers        

su oracle

vncpasswd oracle

vncserver &

13、PLSQL连接数据库时

    首选项配置oci.dll

    机器添加两个环境变量，名为TNS_ADMIN，值为tnsnames.ora文件所在路径。比如我的本机为：D:/instantclient_11_2/

    NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

14、数据库基础配置：

SELECT * FROM dba_profiles s WHERE s.profile='DEFAULT' AND resource_name='PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME';

ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME UNLIMITED;

alter system set processes = 5000 scope = spfile;

--限制sys用户不能以普通身份登录，这个是处于安全审计才需要调整的 你可以不调

alter system set O7_DICTIONARY_ACCESSIBILITY=false scope=spfile;

alter system set remote_login_passwordfile=NONE scope=spfile;

shutdown immediate;

startup;

lsnrctl status

15、创建表空间

alter tablespace P_OA

 add datafile 'P_OA1' size 20480M

 autoextend on next 200M maxsize 30720M

 ----添加表空间P_OA 添加数据文件P_OA1 初始大小20G 每次扩展200M最大扩展到30G

16、创建用户：

-- Create the user

create user t_pt

  identified by "8888"

  default tablespace P_OA;

-- Grant/Revoke role privileges

grant dba to t_pt with admin option;

grant resource to t_pt with admin option;

grant connect to t_pt with admin option;

-- Create the user

create user t_mflow

  identified by "8888"

  default tablespace P_OA;

-- Grant/Revoke role privileges

grant dba to t_mflow with admin option;

grant resource to t_mflow with admin option;

grant connect to t_mflow with admin option;

-- Create the user

create user t_du

  identified by "8888"

  default tablespace P_OA;

-- Grant/Revoke role privileges

grant dba to t_du with admin option;

grant resource to t_du with admin option;

grant connect to t_du with admin option;

-- Create the user

create user t_ca

  identified by "8888"

  default tablespace P_OA;

-- Grant/Revoke role privileges

grant dba to t_ca with admin option;

grant resource to t_ca with admin option;

grant connect to t_ca with admin option;

-- Create the user

create user t_sys

  identified by "8888"

  default tablespace P_OA;

-- Grant/Revoke role privileges

grant dba to t_sys with admin option;

grant resource to t_sys with admin option;

grant connect to t_sys with admin option;