数据库 基础学习8— 横标与纵表转换

一、纵表转横表：

create table  Student--学生表
(
    Sno char(3) primary key not null,--学号（主键）
    Sname char(8) not null,--学生姓名
    Ssex char(2) not null,--学生性别
    Sbirthday datetime,--学生出生年月
    Class char(5)--学生所在班级
)
go
create table Teacher--教师表
(
    Tno char(3) not null primary key,--教工编号（主码）
    Tname    Char(4)    not null,--教工姓名
    Tsex    Char(2)    not null,--教工性别
    Tbirthday    datetime check(Tbirthday>'1900-1-1'),--教工出生年月    
    Prof    Char(6),--职称
    Depart    Varchar(10)    not null--教工所在部门
)
go
create table Course--课程表
(
    Cno char(5) primary key not null,--课程号（主键）
    Cname varchar(10) not null,--课程名称
    Tno char(3) not null references Teacher(Tno)--教工编号（外键）
)
go
create table Score--成绩表
(
    primary key (Sno,Cno),
    Sno char(3) not null references Student(Sno),--学号（外键）
    Cno char(5) not null references Course(Cno),--课程号（外键）
    Degree decimal(4,1)--成绩
)
insert into Student values('108','曾华','男','1977-09-01','95033')
insert into Student values('105','匡明','男','1975-10-02','95031')
insert into Student values('107','王丽','女','1976-01-23','95033')
insert into Student values('101','李军','男','1976-02-20','95033')
insert into Student values('109','王芳','女','1975-02-10','95031')
insert into Student values('103','陆君','男','1974-06-03','95031')

update Student set Class='95031' where Sno='103'
update Student set Class='95033' where Sno='108'
update Student set Class='95031' where Sno='109'
update Student set Class='95031' where Sno='105'


select *from Student

insert into Teacher values('804',    '李诚',    '男',    '1958-12-02',    '副教授',    '计算机系')  
insert into Teacher values('856',    '张旭',    '男',    '1969-03-12',    '讲师',    '电子工程系')  
insert into Teacher values('825',    '王萍',    '女',    '1972-05-05',    '助教',    '计算机系')  
insert into Teacher values('831',    '刘冰',    '女',    '1977-08-14',    '助教',    '电子工程系')  

select *from  Teacher 

insert into Course values('3-105','计算机导论','825')  
insert into Course values('3-245','操作系统','804') 
insert into Course values('6-166','数字电路','856') 
insert into Course values('9-888','高等数学','831') 

select *from Course

insert into Score values('103',    '3-245',    86) 
insert into Score values('105',    '3-245',    75) 
insert into Score values('109',    '3-245',    68) 
insert into Score values('103',    '3-105',    92) 
insert into Score values('105',    '3-105',    88) 
insert into Score values('109',    '3-105',    76) 
insert into Score values('101',    '3-105',    64) 
insert into Score values('107',    '3-105',    91) 
insert into Score values('108',    '3-105',    78) 
insert into Score values('101',    '6-166',    85) 
insert into Score values('107',    '6-166',    79) 
insert into Score values('108',    '6-166',    81) 

insert into Score values('103',    '6-166',    81) 
insert into Score values('105',    '6-166',    81) 
insert into Score values('109',    '6-166',    81) 

delete from Score where Sno=109 and cno='6-166'


select  COUNT(*) from Score

select *from Score
update Score set degree='64' where Sno=101 and cno='3-105'
update Score set degree='85' where Sno=101 and cno='6-166'
delete from Score where Sno=107 and cno='6-166'

select * from Score 

纵表结构

sno    cno   degree

101  3-105   64.0
101  6-166   85.0
103  3-105   92.0
103  3-245   86.0
105  3-105   88.0
105  3-245   75.0
107  3-105   91.0
107  6-166   79.0
108  3-105   78.0
108  6-166   81.0
109  3-105   76.0
109  3-245   68.0

转换为 横表

方法 

select sno 学号 ，

sum(case cno when '3-105'  then degree else 0 end) as 计算机导论，

sum(case cno when '6-166'  then degree else 0 end) as 数字电路，

sum(case cno when '3-245'  then degree else 0 end) as 操作系统

from score group by sno

横表结构

学号    计算机导论  数字电路  操作系统

101       64.0         85.0       0.0
103       92.0         0.0         86.0
105       88.0         0.0         75.0
107       91.0         79.0       0.0
108       78.0         81.0       0.0
109       76.0         0.0         68.0

 

横表转纵表 方法

 

SELECT sno,'3-105' AS cno,计算机导论 AS degree FROM Score UNION ALL
SELECT sno,'6-166' AS cno,数字电路   AS degree FROM Score UNION ALL
SELECT sno,'3-245' AS cno,操作系统   AS degree FROM Score
ORDER BY Sno,Cno DESC;