201871010136—赵艳强《面向对象程序设计(java)》第十三周学习总结
博文正文开头格式:(2分)
项目 |
内容 |
《面向对象程序设计(java)》 |
https://www.cnblogs.com/nwnu-daizh/ |
这个作业的要求在哪里 |
https://www.cnblogs.com/nwnu-daizh/p/11888568.html |
作业学习目标 |
(1) 掌握事件处理的基本原理,理解其用途; (2) 掌握AWT事件模型的工作机制; (3) 掌握事件处理的基本编程模型; (4) 了解GUI界面组件观感设置方法; (5) 掌握WindowAdapter类、AbstractAction类的用法; (6) 掌握GUI程序中鼠标事件处理技术。 |
随笔博文正文内容包括:
第一部分:总结第十一章理论知识(35分)
第11章 事件处理
一、 事件处理基础
(a)事件源(event source):能够产生事件的对象都可 以成为事件源,如文本框、按钮等。一个事件源是一个 能够注册监听器并向监听器发送事件对象的对象。
(b) 事件监听器(event listener):事件监听器对象接 收事件源发送的通告(事件对象),并对发生的事件作 出响应。一个监听器对象就是一个实现了专门监听器接 口的类实例,该类必须实现接口中的方法,这些方法当 事件发生时,被自动执行。
(c) 事件对象(event object):Java将事件的相关信息 封装在一个事件对象中,所有的事件对象都最终派生于 java.util.EventObject类。不同的事件源可以产生不 同类别的事件。
(d)监听器对象:是一个实现了特定监听器接口的类实例。
(e)GUI设计:GUI设计中,程序员需要对组件的某种事件进行响应和处理时,必须完成两个步骤:
1) 定义实现某事件监听器接口的事件监听器类,并具体化接口中声明的事件处理抽象方法。
2) 为组件注册实现了规定接口的事件监听器对象;
(f)注册监听器方法:eventSourceObject.addEventListener(eventListenerObject)
(g)监听器接口的实现:监听器类必须实现与事件源相对应的接口,即必须提供接口中方法的实现。
(h)适配器类:当程序用户试图关闭一个框架窗口时,Jframe对象就是WindowEvent的事件源。
适配器类动态地满足了Java中实现监视器类的技术要求。
通过扩展适配器类来实现窗口事件需要的动作。
处理按钮点击事件:对于GUI的应用程序来说,事件处理是必不可少的,因此我们需要熟练地掌握事件处理模型。对于事件我们需要了解两个名词:事件源对象与监听器对象。从字面上我们就可以理解个大概,下面我们系统说明一下:监听器对象是一个实现了特定监听器接口(listener interface)的类的实例,事件源是一个能够注册监听器对象并发送事件对象的对象,事件发生时,事件源将事件对象传递给所有注册的监听器,监听器对象将利用事件对象中的信息决定如何对事件做出相应
二、简洁的指定监听器
监听器对象就是一个实现了特定监听器接口的类的实例,那么监听器接口就是我们所关心的问题了。在监听器接口的最顶层接口是java.util.EventListener,这个接口是所有事件侦听器接口必须扩展的标记接口。感到诧异的是这个接口完全是空的,里面没有任何的抽象方法的定义,查看源代码里面空空如也啊!
事件监听器类(监听器对象所属的类)必须实现事件监听器接口或继承事件监听器适配器类。
事件监听器接口定义了处理事件必须实现的方法。
事件监听器适配器类是对事件监听器接口的简单实现。目的是为了减少编程的工作量。
事件监听器的接口命名方式为:XXListener,而且,在java中,这些接口已经被定义好了。用来被实现,它定义了事件处理器(即事件处理的方法原型,这个方法需要被重新实现)。
例如:ActionListener接口、MouseListener接口、WindowListener接口、KeyListener接口、ItemListener接口、MouseMotionListener接口、FocusListener接口、ComponentListener接口等
三、改变观感
Swing程序默认使用Metal观感,采用两种方式改变观感。
第一种:在Java安装的子目录jre/lib下的文件swing.properties中,将属性swing.defaultlaf设置为所希望的观感类名。
swing.defaultlaf=com.sun.java.swing.plaf.motif.MotifLookAndFeel
第二种:调用静态的UIManager. setLookAndFeel方法,动态地改变观感,提供所想要的观感类名,再调用静态方法SwingUtilities.updateComponentTreeUI来刷新全部的组件集。
四、适配器类
1.当程序用户试图关闭一个框架窗口时,JFrame对象就是WindowEvent的事件源。
捕获窗口事件的监听器:WindowListener listener=...frame.addWindowListener(listener);
窗口监听器必须是实现WindowListener接口的类的一个对象,WindowListener接口中有七个方法,它们的名字是自解释的。
2.鉴于代码简化的要求,对于不止一个方法的AWT监听器接口都有一个实现了它的所有方法,但却不做任何工作的适配器类。例:WindowAdapter类。
适配器类动态地满足了Java中实现监视器类的技术要求。通过扩展适配器类来实现窗口事件需要的动作。
3.扩展WindowAdapter类,继承六个空方法,并覆盖WindowClosing()方法:
class Terminator extends WindowAdapter{
public void windowClosing(WindowEvente){
System.exit(0);}}
4.可将一个Terminator对象注册为事件监听器:WindowListener listener=new Terminator();frame.addWindowListener(listener);
只要框架产生一个窗口事件,该事件就会传递给监听器对象。
创建扩展于WindowAdapter的监听器类是很好的改进,但还可以进一步将上面语句也可简化为:frame.addWindowListener(new Terminator());
五、动作
(a) 激活一个命令可以有多种方式,如用户可以通过 菜单、击键或工具栏上的按钮选择特定的功能。
(b) 在AWT事件模型中,无论是通过哪种方式下达命 令(如:点击按钮、菜单选项、按下键盘),其 操作动作都是一样的。
(c)动作接口及其类:Swing包提供了非常实用的机制来封装命令,并将它们连接到多个事件源,这就是Action接口。
(d)Action是一个接口,而不是一个类,实现这个接口的类必须要实现它的7个方法。
(e)AbstractAction 类 实 现 了 Action 接 口 中 除actionPerformed方法之外的所有方法,这个类存储了所有名/值对,并管理着属性变更监听器。
六、 鼠标事件
(a)鼠标事件 – MouseEvent
(b)鼠标监听器接口 – MouseListener – MouseMotionListener
(c) 鼠标监听器适配器 – MouseAdapter – MouseMotionAdapter
(d)用户点击鼠标按钮时,会调用三个监听器方法:
1.鼠标第一次被按下时调用mousePressed方法;
2.鼠标被释放时调用mouseReleased方法;
3.两个动作完成之后,调用mouseClicked方法。
(e)鼠标在组件上移动时,会调用mouseMoved方法。
(f)鼠标事件返回值:鼠标事件的类型是MouseEvent,当发生鼠标事件时:MouseEvent类自动创建一个事件对象,以及事件发生位置的x和y坐标,作为事件返回值。
(g)监听鼠标点击事件,实现MouseListener接口.
七、AWT事件继承层次
(a) 所有的事件都是由java.util包中的EventObject 类扩展而来。
(b) AWTEevent 是所有AWT 事件类的父类, 也是 EventObject的直接子类。
(c) 有些Swing组件生成其他类型的事件对象,一般直 接 扩 展 于 EventObject, 而不是AWTEvent,位于 javax.swing.event.*。
(d) 事件对象封装了事件源与监听器彼此通信的事件 信息。在必要的时候,可以对传递给监听器对象的 事件对象进行分析。
第二部分:实验部分
实验1:测试程序1(5分)
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package button; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * A frame with a button panel */ public class ButtonFrame extends JFrame { private JPanel buttonPanel; private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300 ; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200 ; public ButtonFrame() { //调整组件的大小,宽度和高度 setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); // 创建了三个按钮对象 JButton yellowButton = new JButton( "Yellow" ); JButton blueButton = new JButton( "Blue" ); JButton redButton = new JButton( "Red" ); buttonPanel = new JPanel(); // 向面板添加按钮 buttonPanel.add(yellowButton); buttonPanel.add(blueButton); buttonPanel.add(redButton); //将面板添加到框架 add(buttonPanel); // 创建按钮对象 ColorAction yellowAction = new ColorAction(Color.YELLOW); ColorAction blueAction = new ColorAction(Color.BLUE); ColorAction redAction = new ColorAction(Color.RED); // 将动作与按钮相关联 yellowButton.addActionListener(yellowAction); blueButton.addActionListener(blueAction); redButton.addActionListener(redAction); } /** * An action listener that sets the panel's background color. */ private class ColorAction implements ActionListener //ColorAction类后面实现了一个监听器接口类ActionListener { private Color backgroundColor; //Color 类用于封装默认 sRGB 颜色空间中的颜色,或者用于封装由 ColorSpace 标识的任意颜色空间中的颜色 public ColorAction(Color c) { backgroundColor = c; } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { buttonPanel.setBackground(backgroundColor); } } } |
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package button; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * @version 1.34 2015-06-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class ButtonTest { public static void main(String[] args) { //lambda表达式 EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame frame = new ButtonFrame(); frame.setTitle( "ButtonTest" ); //setTitle表示将此窗体的标题设置为制定的字符串 frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); //根据参数的值显示或隐藏窗口 frame.setVisible( true ); }); } } |
用lambda表达式简化:
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package button; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * A frame with a button panel */ public class ButtonFrame extends JFrame { private JPanel buttonPanel; private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300 * 2 ; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200 * 2 ; public ButtonFrame() { setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); //用new运算符调用构造器 buttonPanel = new JPanel(); //创建按钮生成了三个按钮对象 makeButton( "黄色" , Color.yellow); makeButton( "蓝色" , Color.blue); makeButton( "红色" , Color.red); add(buttonPanel); } protected void makeButton(String name,Color backgound) { // 创建按钮 JButton button = new JButton(name); // 向面板添加按钮 buttonPanel.add(button); // 创建按钮操作 button.addActionListener( new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { // TODO 自动生成的方法存根 buttonPanel.setBackground(backgound); } }); //通过lambad表达式实现 button.addActionListener((e)->{ buttonPanel.setBackground(backgound); }); } } |
运行结果如下:
测试程序2:
1) 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材449页程序11-2,结合程序运行结果理解程序;
2) 在组件观感设置代码处添加注释;
3) 了解GUI程序中观感的设置方法。
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import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * @version 1.32 2015-06-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class PlafTest { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame frame = new PlafFrame(); frame.setTitle( "PlafTest" ); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible( true ); }); } |
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import javax.swing.JButton; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JPanel; import javax.swing.SwingUtilities; import javax.swing.UIManager; /** * 带有按钮面板的框架,用于更改外观和感觉 */ public class PlafFrame extends JFrame { private JPanel buttonPanel; public PlafFrame() //构造器 { buttonPanel = new JPanel(); UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo[] infos = UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels(); for (UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo info : infos) makeButton(info.getName(), info.getClassName()); add(buttonPanel); pack(); } /** * 创建一个按钮来更改可插入的外观. * @param name the button name * @param className the name of the look-and-feel class */ private void makeButton(String name, String className) { //添加按钮到面板 JButton button = new JButton(name); buttonPanel.add(button); //设置按钮要进行的操作 button.addActionListener(event -> { // 按钮操作结果: 切换到新的外观 try //可能出错的代码放入try子句中 { UIManager.setLookAndFeel(className); SwingUtilities.updateComponentTreeUI( this ); pack(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }); } } |
运行结果:
测试程序3:
1)在elipse IDE中调试运行教材457页-458页程序11-3,结合程序运行结果理解程序;
2)掌握AbstractAction类及其动作对象;
3)掌握GUI程序中按钮、键盘动作映射到动作对象的方法。
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package action; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * @version 1.34 2015-06-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class ActionTest { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { //lamda表达式 var frame = new ActionFrame(); frame.setTitle( "ActionTest" ); //设置标题 frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); //设置关闭操作 frame.setVisible( true ); //设置可见性 }); } } |
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package action; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * A frame with a panel that demonstrates color change actions. */ public class ActionFrame extends JFrame //继承关系,ActionFrame的父类JFrame { private JPanel buttonPanel; private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300 ; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200 ; public ActionFrame() //构造器 { setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); buttonPanel = new JPanel(); // 定义按钮 var yellowAction = new ColorAction( "Yellow" , new ImageIcon( "yellow-ball.gif" ), Color.YELLOW); var blueAction = new ColorAction( "Blue" , new ImageIcon( "blue-ball.gif" ), Color.BLUE); var redAction = new ColorAction( "Red" , new ImageIcon( "red-ball.gif" ), Color.RED); // add buttons for these actions buttonPanel.add( new JButton(yellowAction)); buttonPanel.add( new JButton(blueAction)); buttonPanel.add( new JButton(redAction)); // add panel to frame add(buttonPanel); // 将Y、B和R键与名称关联起来 InputMap inputMap = buttonPanel.getInputMap(JComponent.WHEN_ANCESTOR_OF_FOCUSED_COMPONENT); inputMap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke( "ctrl Y" ), "panel.yellow" ); inputMap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke( "ctrl B" ), "panel.blue" ); inputMap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke( "ctrl R" ), "panel.red" ); // associate the names with actions ActionMap actionMap = buttonPanel.getActionMap(); actionMap.put( "panel.yellow" , yellowAction); actionMap.put( "panel.blue" , blueAction); actionMap.put( "panel.red" , redAction); } public class ColorAction extends AbstractAction { /** * Constructs a color action. * @param name the name to show on the button * @param icon the icon to display on the button * @param c the background color */ public ColorAction(String name, Icon icon, Color c) { putValue(Action.NAME, name); putValue(Action.SMALL_ICON, icon); putValue(Action.SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Set panel color to " + name.toLowerCase()); putValue( "color" , c); } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { var color = (Color) getValue( "color" ); buttonPanel.setBackground(color); } } } |
程序运行时只需同时按Ctrl+Y或R或B键,窗口就会自动显示某种颜色,运行结果如下:
测试程序4:
● 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材462页程序11-4、11-5,结合程序运行结果理解程序;
● 掌握GUI程序中鼠标事件处理技术。
代码如下:
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package mouse; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.awt.geom.*; import java.util.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * 带有鼠标操作的用于添加和删除正方形的组件。 */ public class MouseComponent extends JComponent { private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300 ; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200 ; private static final int SIDELENGTH = 10 ; private ArrayList<Rectangle2D> squares; private Rectangle2D current; //包含鼠标光标的正方形 public MouseComponent() { squares = new ArrayList<>(); current = null ; addMouseListener( new MouseHandler()); addMouseMotionListener( new MouseMotionHandler()); } public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); } public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { var g2 = (Graphics2D) g; // 遍历正方形集合,并将每个正方形绘制出来 for (Rectangle2D r : squares) g2.draw(r); } /** * Finds the first square containing a point. * @param p a point * @return the first square that contains p */ public Rectangle2D find(Point2D p) { for (Rectangle2D r : squares) { if (r.contains(p)) return r; } return null ; } /** * Adds a square to the collection. * @param p the center of the square */ public void add(Point2D p) { double x = p.getX(); double y = p.getY(); current = new Rectangle2D.Double(x - SIDELENGTH / 2 , y - SIDELENGTH / 2 , SIDELENGTH, SIDELENGTH); squares.add(current); repaint(); } /** * Removes a square from the collection. * @param s the square to remove */ public void remove(Rectangle2D s) { if (s == null ) return ; if (s == current) current = null ; squares.remove(s); repaint(); } private class MouseHandler extends MouseAdapter { public void mousePressed(MouseEvent event) { // add a new square if the cursor isn't inside a square current = find(event.getPoint()); if (current == null ) add(event.getPoint()); } public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent event) { //如果光标所在位置在正方形集合中包含并且鼠标点击次数>=2,则删除此位置的正方形 current = find(event.getPoint()); if (current != null && event.getClickCount() >= 2 ) remove(current); } } private class MouseMotionHandler implements MouseMotionListener { public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent event) { // set the mouse cursor to cross hairs if it is inside a rectangle if (find(event.getPoint()) == null ) setCursor(Cursor.getDefaultCursor()); else setCursor(Cursor.getPredefinedCursor(Cursor.CROSSHAIR_CURSOR)); } public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent event) { if (current != null ) { int x = event.getX(); int y = event.getY(); // 拖动当前矩形使其居中(x,y) current.setFrame(x - SIDELENGTH / 2 , y - SIDELENGTH / 2 , SIDELENGTH, SIDELENGTH); repaint(); } } } } |
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package mouse; import javax.swing.*; /** * A frame containing a panel for testing mouse operations */ public class MouseFrame extends JFrame { public MouseFrame() { add( new MouseComponent()); pack(); } } |
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package mouse; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * @version 1.35 2018-04-10 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class MouseTest { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { var frame = new MouseFrame(); frame.setTitle( "MouseTest" ); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible( true ); }); } } |
运行结果如下:
学习总结:
通过本周的学习,我知道了如何进行事件处理,
测试程序4:
● 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材462页程序11-4、11-5,结合程序运行结果理解程序;
● 掌握GUI程序中鼠标事件处理技术。
代码如下:
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package mouse; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.awt.geom.*; import java.util.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * 带有鼠标操作的用于添加和删除正方形的组件。 */ public class MouseComponent extends JComponent { private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300 ; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200 ; private static final int SIDELENGTH = 10 ; private ArrayList<Rectangle2D> squares; private Rectangle2D current; //包含鼠标光标的正方形 public MouseComponent() { squares = new ArrayList<>(); current = null ; addMouseListener( new MouseHandler()); addMouseMotionListener( new MouseMotionHandler()); } public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); } public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { var g2 = (Graphics2D) g; // 遍历正方形集合,并将每个正方形绘制出来 for (Rectangle2D r : squares) g2.draw(r); } /** * Finds the first square containing a point. * @param p a point * @return the first square that contains p */ public Rectangle2D find(Point2D p) { for (Rectangle2D r : squares) { if (r.contains(p)) return r; } return null ; } /** * Adds a square to the collection. * @param p the center of the square */ public void add(Point2D p) { double x = p.getX(); double y = p.getY(); current = new Rectangle2D.Double(x - SIDELENGTH / 2 , y - SIDELENGTH / 2 , SIDELENGTH, SIDELENGTH); squares.add(current); repaint(); } /** * Removes a square from the collection. * @param s the square to remove */ public void remove(Rectangle2D s) { if (s == null ) return ; if (s == current) current = null ; squares.remove(s); repaint(); } private class MouseHandler extends MouseAdapter { public void mousePressed(MouseEvent event) { // add a new square if the cursor isn't inside a square current = find(event.getPoint()); if (current == null ) add(event.getPoint()); } public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent event) { //如果光标所在位置在正方形集合中包含并且鼠标点击次数>=2,则删除此位置的正方形 current = find(event.getPoint()); if (current != null && event.getClickCount() >= 2 ) remove(current); } } private class MouseMotionHandler implements MouseMotionListener { public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent event) { // set the mouse cursor to cross hairs if it is inside a rectangle if (find(event.getPoint()) == null ) setCursor(Cursor.getDefaultCursor()); else setCursor(Cursor.getPredefinedCursor(Cursor.CROSSHAIR_CURSOR)); } public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent event) { if (current != null ) { int x = event.getX(); int y = event.getY(); // 拖动当前矩形使其居中(x,y) current.setFrame(x - SIDELENGTH / 2 , y - SIDELENGTH / 2 , SIDELENGTH, SIDELENGTH); repaint(); } } } } |
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package mouse; import javax.swing.*; /** * A frame containing a panel for testing mouse operations */ public class MouseFrame extends JFrame { public MouseFrame() { add( new MouseComponent()); pack(); } } |
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package mouse; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * @version 1.35 2018-04-10 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class MouseTest { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { var frame = new MouseFrame(); frame.setTitle( "MouseTest" ); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible( true ); }); } } |
运行结果如下:
测试程序4:
● 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材462页程序11-4、11-5,结合程序运行结果理解程序;
● 掌握GUI程序中鼠标事件处理技术。
代码如下:
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package mouse; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.awt.geom.*; import java.util.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * 带有鼠标操作的用于添加和删除正方形的组件。 */ public class MouseComponent extends JComponent { private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300 ; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200 ; private static final int SIDELENGTH = 10 ; private ArrayList<Rectangle2D> squares; private Rectangle2D current; //包含鼠标光标的正方形 public MouseComponent() { squares = new ArrayList<>(); current = null ; addMouseListener( new MouseHandler()); addMouseMotionListener( new MouseMotionHandler()); } public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); } public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { var g2 = (Graphics2D) g; // 遍历正方形集合,并将每个正方形绘制出来 for (Rectangle2D r : squares) g2.draw(r); } /** * Finds the first square containing a point. * @param p a point * @return the first square that contains p */ public Rectangle2D find(Point2D p) { for (Rectangle2D r : squares) { if (r.contains(p)) return r; } return null ; } /** * Adds a square to the collection. * @param p the center of the square */ public void add(Point2D p) { double x = p.getX(); double y = p.getY(); current = new Rectangle2D.Double(x - SIDELENGTH / 2 , y - SIDELENGTH / 2 , SIDELENGTH, SIDELENGTH); squares.add(current); repaint(); } /** * Removes a square from the collection. * @param s the square to remove */ public void remove(Rectangle2D s) { if (s == null ) return ; if (s == current) current = null ; squares.remove(s); repaint(); } private class MouseHandler extends MouseAdapter { public void mousePressed(MouseEvent event) { // add a new square if the cursor isn't inside a square current = find(event.getPoint()); if (current == null ) add(event.getPoint()); } public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent event) { //如果光标所在位置在正方形集合中包含并且鼠标点击次数>=2,则删除此位置的正方形 current = find(event.getPoint()); if (current != null && event.getClickCount() >= 2 ) remove(current); } } private class MouseMotionHandler implements MouseMotionListener { public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent event) { // set the mouse cursor to cross hairs if it is inside a rectangle if (find(event.getPoint()) == null ) setCursor(Cursor.getDefaultCursor()); else setCursor(Cursor.getPredefinedCursor(Cursor.CROSSHAIR_CURSOR)); } public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent event) { if (current != null ) { int x = event.getX(); int y = event.getY(); // 拖动当前矩形使其居中(x,y) current.setFrame(x - SIDELENGTH / 2 , y - SIDELENGTH / 2 , SIDELENGTH, SIDELENGTH); repaint(); } } } } |
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package mouse; import javax.swing.*; /** * A frame containing a panel for testing mouse operations */ public class MouseFrame extends JFrame { public MouseFrame() { add( new MouseComponent()); pack(); } } |
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package mouse; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * @version 1.35 2018-04-10 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class MouseTest { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { var frame = new MouseFrame(); frame.setTitle( "MouseTest" ); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible( true ); }); } } |
运行结果如下:
测试程序4:
● 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材462页程序11-4、11-5,结合程序运行结果理解程序;
● 掌握GUI程序中鼠标事件处理技术。
代码如下:
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package mouse; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.awt.geom.*; import java.util.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * 带有鼠标操作的用于添加和删除正方形的组件。 */ public class MouseComponent extends JComponent { private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300 ; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200 ; private static final int SIDELENGTH = 10 ; private ArrayList<Rectangle2D> squares; private Rectangle2D current; //包含鼠标光标的正方形 public MouseComponent() { squares = new ArrayList<>(); current = null ; addMouseListener( new MouseHandler()); addMouseMotionListener( new MouseMotionHandler()); } public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); } public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { var g2 = (Graphics2D) g; // 遍历正方形集合,并将每个正方形绘制出来 for (Rectangle2D r : squares) g2.draw(r); } /** * Finds the first square containing a point. * @param p a point * @return the first square that contains p */ public Rectangle2D find(Point2D p) { for (Rectangle2D r : squares) { if (r.contains(p)) return r; } return null ; } /** * Adds a square to the collection. * @param p the center of the square */ public void add(Point2D p) { double x = p.getX(); double y = p.getY(); current = new Rectangle2D.Double(x - SIDELENGTH / 2 , y - SIDELENGTH / 2 , SIDELENGTH, SIDELENGTH); squares.add(current); repaint(); } /** * Removes a square from the collection. * @param s the square to remove */ public void remove(Rectangle2D s) { if (s == null ) return ; if (s == current) current = null ; squares.remove(s); repaint(); } private class MouseHandler extends MouseAdapter { public void mousePressed(MouseEvent event) { // add a new square if the cursor isn't inside a square current = find(event.getPoint()); if (current == null ) add(event.getPoint()); } public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent event) { //如果光标所在位置在正方形集合中包含并且鼠标点击次数>=2,则删除此位置的正方形 current = find(event.getPoint()); if (current != null && event.getClickCount() >= 2 ) remove(current); } } private class MouseMotionHandler implements MouseMotionListener { public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent event) { // set the mouse cursor to cross hairs if it is inside a rectangle if (find(event.getPoint()) == null ) setCursor(Cursor.getDefaultCursor()); else setCursor(Cursor.getPredefinedCursor(Cursor.CROSSHAIR_CURSOR)); } public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent event) { if (current != null ) { int x = event.getX(); int y = event.getY(); // 拖动当前矩形使其居中(x,y) current.setFrame(x - SIDELENGTH / 2 , y - SIDELENGTH / 2 , SIDELENGTH, SIDELENGTH); repaint(); } } } } |
运行结果如下:
学习总结:
通过本次实验
测试程序4:
● 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材462页程序11-4、11-5,结合程序运行结果理解程序;
● 掌握GUI程序中鼠标事件处理技术。
代码如下:
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package mouse; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.awt.geom.*; import java.util.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * 带有鼠标操作的用于添加和删除正方形的组件。 */ public class MouseComponent extends JComponent { private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300 ; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200 ; private static final int SIDELENGTH = 10 ; private ArrayList<Rectangle2D> squares; private Rectangle2D current; //包含鼠标光标的正方形 public MouseComponent() { squares = new ArrayList<>(); current = null ; addMouseListener( new MouseHandler()); addMouseMotionListener( new MouseMotionHandler()); } public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); } public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { var g2 = (Graphics2D) g; // 遍历正方形集合,并将每个正方形绘制出来 for (Rectangle2D r : squares) g2.draw(r); } /** * Finds the first square containing a point. * @param p a point * @return the first square that contains p */ public Rectangle2D find(Point2D p) { for (Rectangle2D r : squares) { if (r.contains(p)) return r; } return null ; } /** * Adds a square to the collection. * @param p the center of the square */ public void add(Point2D p) { double x = p.getX(); double y = p.getY(); current = new Rectangle2D.Double(x - SIDELENGTH / 2 , y - SIDELENGTH / 2 , SIDELENGTH, SIDELENGTH); squares.add(current); repaint(); } /** * Removes a square from the collection. * @param s the square to remove */ public void remove(Rectangle2D s) { if (s == null ) return ; if (s == current) current = null ; squares.remove(s); repaint(); } private class MouseHandler extends MouseAdapter { public void mousePressed(MouseEvent event) { // add a new square if the cursor isn't inside a square current = find(event.getPoint()); if (current == null ) add(event.getPoint()); } public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent event) { //如果光标所在位置在正方形集合中包含并且鼠标点击次数>=2,则删除此位置的正方形 current = find(event.getPoint()); if (current != null && event.getClickCount() >= 2 ) remove(current); } } private class MouseMotionHandler implements MouseMotionListener { public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent event) { // set the mouse cursor to cross hairs if it is inside a rectangle if (find(event.getPoint()) == null ) setCursor(Cursor.getDefaultCursor()); else setCursor(Cursor.getPredefinedCursor(Cursor.CROSSHAIR_CURSOR)); } public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent event) { if (current != null ) { int x = event.getX(); int y = event.getY(); // 拖动当前矩形使其居中(x,y) current.setFrame(x - SIDELENGTH / 2 , y - SIDELENGTH / 2 , SIDELENGTH, SIDELENGTH); repaint(); } } } } |
运行结果如下:
学习总结:
通过本次实验,熟悉掌握了Java的异常机制,通过new一个数组,从而通过数组的下标取出内容,当下标不合法时就会出现数组下标越界异常,通过catch铺获异常,并对异常做出处理。这仅仅是对简单异常的处理,还须更进一步对异常熟悉,还要对字符串的练习和掌握。通过实验课上学长演示实验,再用lambda表达式以及匿名类等简化程序,希望以后在学长的帮助下能学的更好。