上集主要讲解了oracle自身导入导出功能，本集讲解rman这个工具。
Oracle 11gR2 使用RMAN Duplicate复制数据库、通过备份恢复方式来迁移数据库。
Active database duplicate 功能强大，不需要先把目标数据库进行rman备份，只要目标数据库处于归档模式下即可直接通过网络对数据库进行copy，且copy完成后自动open数据库。这对于大数据特别是T级别的数据库来说优点非常明显，复制前不需要进行备份，减少了备份和传送备份的时间，同时节省备份空间。下面来进行具体的duplicate操作。
应用场景：
Active database duplicate 功能强大，不需要先把目标数据库进行rman备份，只要目标数据库处于归档模式下即可直接通过网络对数据库进行copy，且copy完成后自动open数据库。这对于大数据特别是T级别的数据库来说优点非常明显，复制前不需要进行备份，减少了备份和传送备份的时间，同时节省备份空间。下面来进行具体的duplicate操作。
应用场景：文件路径一样，旧库可以使用并且网络顺畅
实验环境：
target db：
ip 192.168.56.1
oracle_sid=test
oracle_version=11.2.0.3
auxiliary db：
ip 192.168.56.2
oracle_sid=test
oracle_version=11.2.0.3
在新库创建参数文件并启动实例到nomount状态
--auxiliary db上执行
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cat initoradu.ora
db_name=test
db_block_size=8192
[oracle@localhost ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=test
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Sun Mar 20 12:56:36 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount pfile=/home/oracle/inittest、.ora
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 238034944 bytes
Fixed Size 2227136 bytes
Variable Size 180356160 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 5120000 bytes
SQL>
2、创建密码文件
--必须保持target DB和auxiliary DB的密码一致。这里我直接把target db的密码文件复制到auxiliary db对应的目录下并重命名
--target db上执行
[oracle@localhost ~]$ scp /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/orapwtest oracle@192.168.56.150:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/orapwtest
The authenticity of host '192.168.56.150 (192.168.56.150)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 58:71:ed:0c:e0:2a:57:68:3e:fe:79:52:8b:72:2e:00.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.56.150' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
oracle@192.168.56.150's password:
orapwmydb 100% 1536 1.5KB/s 00:00
3、配置target db 和auxiliary db的监听
--auxiliary db必须使用静态监听，否则报错RMAN-04006: error from auxiliary database: ORA-12528: TNS:listener: all appropriate instances are blocking new connections
--auxiliary db
vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/network/admin/listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db)
(SID_NAME=test)
)
)
vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
test =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.1)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = test)
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
)
)
--target db
vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/network/admin/listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db)
(ORACLE_SID = test)
)
)
vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
test =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.2)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = test)
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
)
)
--重启两台机器的监听
lsnrctl stop
lsnrctl start
4、开始复制
--在target db上执行
[oracle@localhost ~]$ rman target / auxiliary sys/123456@test
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sun Mar 20 14:09:39 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: MYDB (DBID=2820637901)
connected to auxiliary database: test(not mounted)
RMAN> duplicate target database to test from active database;
Starting Duplicate Db at 20-MAR-16
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone "create spfile from memory";
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: create spfile from memory
contents of Memory Script:
{
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone nomount;
}
executing Memory Script
Oracle instance shut down
connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 238034944 bytes
Fixed Size 2227136 bytes
Variable Size 180356160 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 5120000 bytes
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone "alter system set db_name =
''MYDB'' comment=
''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system set db_unique_name =
''ORADU'' comment=
''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone force nomount
backup as copy current controlfile auxiliary format '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/cntrloradu.dbf';
alter clone database mount;
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter system set db_name = ''MYDB'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set db_unique_name = ''ORADU'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile
Oracle instance shut down
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 238034944 bytes
Fixed Size 2227136 bytes
Variable Size 180356160 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 5120000 bytes
Starting backup at 20-MAR-16
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=34 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying current control file
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/snapcf_mydb.f tag=TAG20160320T140956 RECID=31 STAMP=906991797
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 20-MAR-16
database mounted
contents of Memory Script:
{
set newname for datafile 1 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/system01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 2 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/sysaux01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 3 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/undotbs01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 4 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/users01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 5 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/test.dbf";
set newname for datafile 6 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/store_01.dbf";
set newname for datafile 7 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/store_02.dbf";
set newname for datafile 8 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/pitr01.dbf";
backup as copy reuse
datafile 1 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/system01.dbf" datafile
2 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/sysaux01.dbf" datafile
3 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/undotbs01.dbf" datafile
4 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/users01.dbf" datafile
5 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/test.dbf" datafile
6 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/store_01.dbf" datafile
7 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/store_02.dbf" datafile
8 auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/pitr01.dbf" ;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting backup at 20-MAR-16
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/system01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/system01.dbf tag=TAG20160320T141004
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:01:05
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/sysaux01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20160320T141004
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/undotbs01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20160320T141004
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/users01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/users01.dbf tag=TAG20160320T141004
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/store_02.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/store_02.dbf tag=TAG20160320T141004
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/test.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/test.dbf tag=TAG20160320T141004
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/store_01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/store_01.dbf tag=TAG20160320T141004
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00008 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mydb/pitr01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/pitr01.dbf tag=TAG20160320T141004
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 20-MAR-16
sql statement: alter system archive log current
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy reuse
archivelog like "/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/arch/1_22_906314379.dbf" auxiliary format
"/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/arch1_22_906314379.dbf" ;
catalog clone archivelog "/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/arch1_22_906314379.dbf";
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 20-MAR-16
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log copy
input archived log thread=1 sequence=22 RECID=44 STAMP=906991972
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/arch1_22_906314379.dbf RECID=0 STAMP=0
channel ORA_DISK_1: archived log copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 20-MAR-16
cataloged archived log
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/arch1_22_906314379.dbf RECID=44 STAMP=906989788
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=31 STAMP=906989788 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=32 STAMP=906989788 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=33 STAMP=906989788 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=34 STAMP=906989788 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=35 STAMP=906989788 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/test.dbf
datafile 6 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=36 STAMP=906989788 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/store_01.dbf
datafile 7 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=37 STAMP=906989788 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/store_02.dbf
datafile 8 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=38 STAMP=906989788 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/pitr01.dbf
contents of Memory Script:
{
set until scn 2809336;
recover
clone database
delete archivelog
;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
Starting recover at 20-MAR-16
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=18 device type=DISK
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 22 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/arch1_22_906314379.dbf
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/dbs/arch1_22_906314379.dbf thread=1 sequence=22
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 20-MAR-16
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 238034944 bytes
Fixed Size 2227136 bytes
Variable Size 180356160 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 5120000 bytes
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone "alter system set db_name =
''ORADU'' comment=
''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile";
sql clone "alter system reset db_unique_name scope=spfile";
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone nomount;
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter system set db_name = ''ORADU'' comment= ''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system reset db_unique_name scope=spfile
Oracle instance shut down
connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 238034944 bytes
Fixed Size 2227136 bytes
Variable Size 180356160 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 5120000 bytes
sql statement: CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "ORADU" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/redo01.log', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/redo01_01.log' ) SIZE 100 M REUSE,
GROUP 2 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/redo02.log', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/redo02_01.log' ) SIZE 100 M REUSE,
GROUP 3 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/redo03.log', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/redo03_01.log' ) SIZE 100 M REUSE,
GROUP 4 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/redo04.log', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/redo04_01.log' ) SIZE 100 M REUSE
DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/system01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
contents of Memory Script:
{
set newname for tempfile 1 to
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/temp01.dbf";
switch clone tempfile all;
catalog clone datafilecopy "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/sysaux01.dbf",
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/undotbs01.dbf",
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/users01.dbf",
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/test.dbf",
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/store_01.dbf",
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/store_02.dbf",
"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/pitr01.dbf";
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/temp01.dbf in control file
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/sysaux01.dbf RECID=1 STAMP=906989800
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/undotbs01.dbf RECID=2 STAMP=906989800
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/users01.dbf RECID=3 STAMP=906989800
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/test.dbf RECID=4 STAMP=906989800
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/store_01.dbf RECID=5 STAMP=906989800
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/store_02.dbf RECID=6 STAMP=906989800
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/pitr01.dbf RECID=7 STAMP=906989800
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=1 STAMP=906989800 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=906989800 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=906989800 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=906989800 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/test.dbf
datafile 6 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=906989800 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/store_01.dbf
datafile 7 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=906989800 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/store_02.dbf
datafile 8 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=906989800 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/oradu/pitr01.dbf
Reenabling controlfile options for auxiliary database
Executing: alter database add supplemental log data
contents of Memory Script:
{
Alter clone database open resetlogs;
}
executing Memory Script
database opened
Finished Duplicate Db at 20-MAR-16
RMAN>
5、验证是否迁移成功
--在auxiliary db 执行
SQL> select name,open_mode from v$database;
NAME OPEN_MODE
--------- --------------------
test READ WRITE
以上迁移就完成