转发与重定向的区别
前言:之前写了几篇JSP的博客,现在又回过头来看Servlet,温故而知新,再回顾回顾,总会有收获的。以前学习Servlet感觉内容很多,现在看的时候,其实也没多少东西,只需知道Servlet的生命周期,Servlet的实现方式,ServletContext作用域,接收和响应,转发和重定向,我觉得差不多够用了。当然,要是细究的话也不止这些,我针对的是新手。
转发与重定向简介
转发和重定向都是实现页面跳转,也就是说,当我们访问一个Servlet 的时候,Servlet帮我们跳转到另一个界面。
转发与重定向的区别
实现转发调用的是HttpServletRequest对象中的方法
实现重定向调用的是HttpServletResponse对象中的方法
转发时浏览器中的url地址不会发生改变
重定向时浏览器中的url地址会发生改变
转发时浏览器只请求一次服务器
重定向时浏览器请求两次服务器
转发能使用request带数据到跳转的页面
重定向能使用ServletContext带数据到跳转的页面
代码演示转发和重定向
package servlet; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; @WebServlet("/login") public class ServletDemo extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { //获取表单提交过来的数据 //getParameter()方法可以获取请求的参数信息 String name = req.getParameter("name"); String password = req.getParameter("password"); //打印获取到的参数信息 System.out.println("name:"+name); System.out.println("password:"+password); //如果name=admin,password=123,则跳转到succee.jsp,否则跳转到fail.jsp if("admin".equals(name)&&"123".equals(password)){ //通过转发实现跳转 req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req,resp); }else { //通过重定向实现跳转 resp.sendRedirect("/fail.jsp"); } } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(req, resp); } }
JSP代码
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>登录</title> </head> <body> <form action="/login"> <table align="center"> <tr> <td>账号:</td> <td><input type="text" name="name"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>密码:</td> <td><input type="text" name="password"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><input type="submit" value="登录"></td> <td><input type="reset" value="重置"></td> </tr> </table> </form> </body> </html>
转发和重定向如何带数据到某个页面
package servlet; import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; @WebServlet("/login") public class ServletDemo extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { //通过转发带数据 req.setAttribute("name","张三"); req.getRequestDispatcher("/send.jsp").forward(req,resp); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(req, resp); } }
send.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>转发和重定向传代数据练习</title> </head> <body> <% //1、接收转发传代的数据 String name = (String) request.getAttribute("name"); out.println("转发传代的数据:"+name); %> </body> </html>
package servlet; import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; @WebServlet("/login") public class ServletDemo extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { //通过重定向带数据 ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext(); servletContext.setAttribute("name","王二麻子"); resp.sendRedirect("/send2.jsp"); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(req, resp); } }
send2.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>转发和重定向传代数据练习</title> </head> <body> <% //1、接收重定向传代的数据 String name1 = (String)application.getAttribute("name"); out.println("重定向传代的数据:"+name1); %> </body> </html>
练习
index.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form action="CountServlet" method="post"> <h3>加法计算器</h3> 加数1:<input type="number" name="one"> 加数2:<input type="number" name="two"> <input type="submit" value="计算"> </form> </body> </html>
count.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> 计算结果:<%=request.getAttribute("count")%> <!--计算结果:<%=application.getAttribute("count")%>--> </body> </html>
Servlet
package servlet; import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; @WebServlet("/CountServlet") public class CountServlet extends HttpServlet { protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { String one=request.getParameter("one"); int o=Integer.parseInt(one);//强制转换,将String类型的数据转换成int类型 String two=request.getParameter("two"); int t=Integer.parseInt(two);//强制转换,将String类型的数据转换成int类型 System.out.println(one+" "+two); int c=o+t; String co=String.valueOf(c);//将int类型的数据转换成String类型 //转发,可以携带数据 request.setAttribute("count",co); request.getRequestDispatcher("count.jsp").forward(request,response); //用于存放数据 // ServletContext s=this.getServletContext(); // s.setAttribute("count",co); //重定向只能依靠ServletContext获取数据 // response.sendRedirect("count.jsp"); System.out.println(co); } protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doPost(request,response); } }
结束语
Servlet分享到此结束,想了解更多的朋友可以看之前总结过的博客《Servlet》,和《JSP》 ,更多精彩等你来学习。
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