mysql的binlog说明
主从复制依赖于二进制日志文件，简称为binlog
binlog里面有存放了偏移信息
mysql主库binlog信息查看命令
[root@master ~]# mysql -u root -p123456 #登录到mysql里 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 4 Server version: 5.7.26-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show master logs; #binlog列表查看，也可以直接到/data/mysql查看 +-------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +-------------------+-----------+ | master-bin.000001 | 177 | | master-bin.000002 | 398 | +-------------------+-----------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show master status; #记录目前的binlog+偏移信息 +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | master-bin.000002 | 398 | | | | #398即是偏移 +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
创建一个库和表，观察日志
mysql> create database darren; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | darren | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use darren; Database changed mysql> create table test (id int); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show tables; +------------------+ | Tables_in_darren | +------------------+ | test | +------------------+
查看binlog日志
mysql> mysql> show binlog events in 'master-bin.000002'; #全部查看 +-------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info | +-------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | master-bin.000002 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 123 | Server ver: 5.7.26-log, Binlog ver: 4 | | master-bin.000002 | 123 | Previous_gtids | 1 | 154 | | | master-bin.000002 | 154 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 219 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | master-bin.000002 | 219 | Query | 1 | 398 | ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9' | | master-bin.000002 | 398 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 463 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | master-bin.000002 | 463 | Query | 1 | 563 | create database darren | | master-bin.000002 | 563 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 628 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | master-bin.000002 | 628 | Query | 1 | 732 | use `darren`; create table test (id int) | +-------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ mysql> mysql> show binlog events in 'master-bin.000002' limit 2; 只查看前两个语句 +-------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+ | Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info | +-------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+ | master-bin.000002 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 123 | Server ver: 5.7.26-log, Binlog ver: 4 | | master-bin.000002 | 123 | Previous_gtids | 1 | 154 | | +-------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show binlog events in 'master-bin.000002' from 398; #查看偏移量是398以后的语句 +-------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+ | Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info | +-------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+ | master-bin.000002 | 398 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 463 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | master-bin.000002 | 463 | Query | 1 | 563 | create database darren | | master-bin.000002 | 563 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 628 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | master-bin.000002 | 628 | Query | 1 | 732 | use `darren`; create table test (id int) | +-------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+ mysql> mysql> show binlog events in 'master-bin.000002' from 398 limit 1; #查看偏移量为398的前一条 +-------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+--------------------------------------+ | Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info | +-------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+--------------------------------------+ | master-bin.000002 | 398 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 463 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | +-------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+--------------------------------------+
直接使用命令查看二进制文件
[root@master ~]# cd /data/mysql/
[root@master mysql]# mysqlbinlog master-bin.000002
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/; /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/; DELIMITER /*!*/; # at 4 #190703 11:37:51 server id 1 end_log_pos 123 CRC32 0x7ae93041 Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.7.26-log created 190703 11:37:51 at startup # Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly. ROLLBACK/*!*/; BINLOG ' z8scXQ8BAAAAdwAAAHsAAAABAAQANS43LjI2LWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADPyxxdEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAXwAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKKioAEjQA AUEw6Xo= '/*!*/; # at 123 #190703 11:37:51 server id 1 end_log_pos 154 CRC32 0x81e643cc Previous-GTIDs # [empty] # at 154 #190703 11:50:19 server id 1 end_log_pos 219 CRC32 0x0a3cc640 Anonymous_GTID last_committed=0 sequence_number=1 rbr_only=no SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/; # at 219 #190703 11:50:19 server id 1 end_log_pos 398 CRC32 0xbd85ba24 Query thread_id=3 exec_time=0 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1562169019/*!*/; SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=3/*!*/; SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/; SET @@session.sql_mode=1436549152/*!*/; SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/; /*!C utf8 *//*!*/; SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=8/*!*/; SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/; SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/; ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9' /*!*/; # at 398 #190703 12:18:27 server id 1 end_log_pos 463 CRC32 0x674f9414 Anonymous_GTID last_committed=1 sequence_number=2 rbr_only=no SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/; # at 463 #190703 12:18:27 server id 1 end_log_pos 563 CRC32 0x2106de6f Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1562170707/*!*/; create database darren /*!*/; # at 563 #190703 12:19:26 server id 1 end_log_pos 628 CRC32 0xbf9b983e Anonymous_GTID last_committed=2 sequence_number=3 rbr_only=no SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/; # at 628 #190703 12:19:26 server id 1 end_log_pos 732 CRC32 0x773a1598 Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0 use `darren`/*!*/; SET TIMESTAMP=1562170766/*!*/; create table test (id int) /*!*/; SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/; DELIMITER ; # End of log file /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;
增删改查，然后查看binlog
mysql> insert into test values (1); #写入一个数据，有事务的提交 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> select * from test; #查一个数据 +------+ | id | +------+ | 1 | +------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> update mysql> update test set id 1; #改一个数据，有事务的提交 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from test; +------+ | id | +------+ | 3 | +------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> delete from test; #删除数据，有事务的提交 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show binlog events in 'master-bin.000002' from 463; #查看日志 +-------------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+ | Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info | +-------------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+ | master-bin.000002 | 463 | Query | 1 | 563 | create database darren | | master-bin.000002 | 563 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 628 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | master-bin.000002 | 628 | Query | 1 | 732 | use `darren`; create table test (id int) | | master-bin.000002 | 732 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 797 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | master-bin.000002 | 797 | Query | 1 | 871 | BEGIN | | master-bin.000002 | 871 | Table_map | 1 | 920 | table_id: 108 (darren.test) | | master-bin.000002 | 920 | Write_rows | 1 | 960 | table_id: 108 flags: STMT_END_F | | master-bin.000002 | 960 | Xid | 1 | 991 | COMMIT /* xid=44 */ | | master-bin.000002 | 991 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 1056 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | master-bin.000002 | 1056 | Query | 1 | 1130 | BEGIN | | master-bin.000002 | 1130 | Table_map | 1 | 1179 | table_id: 108 (darren.test) | | master-bin.000002 | 1179 | Update_rows | 1 | 1225 | table_id: 108 flags: STMT_END_F | | master-bin.000002 | 1225 | Xid | 1 | 1256 | COMMIT /* xid=49 */ | | master-bin.000002 | 1256 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 1321 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | master-bin.000002 | 1321 | Query | 1 | 1395 | BEGIN | | master-bin.000002 | 1395 | Table_map | 1 | 1444 | table_id: 108 (darren.test) | | master-bin.000002 | 1444 | Delete_rows | 1 | 1484 | table_id: 108 flags: STMT_END_F | | master-bin.000002 | 1484 | Xid | 1 | 1515 | COMMIT /* xid=52 */ | +-------------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
#错误sql不会写入binlog
mysql主库binlog清空，测试教学环境用，线上环境慎用。或者初搭建mysql主从用
mysql> reset master; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show master logs; +-------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +-------------------+-----------+ | master-bin.000001 | 154 | +-------------------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show binlog events in 'master-bin.000001' ; +-------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+ | Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info | +-------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+ | master-bin.000001 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 123 | Server ver: 5.7.26-log, Binlog ver: 4 | | master-bin.000001 | 123 | Previous_gtids | 1 | 154 | | +-------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
mysql主库刷新binlog，一般来说也是测试环境用
mysql> flush logs; #新增一个日志 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show master logs; +-------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +-------------------+-----------+ | master-bin.000001 | 202 | | master-bin.000002 | 154 | +-------------------+-----------+ 2 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> use darren; Database changed mysql> insert into test values (1); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show master logs; +-------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +-------------------+-----------+ | master-bin.000001 | 202 | | master-bin.000002 | 413 | +-------------------+-----------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show binlog events in 'master-bin.000001' ; +-------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+ | Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info | +-------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+ | master-bin.000001 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 123 | Server ver: 5.7.26-log, Binlog ver: 4 | | master-bin.000001 | 123 | Previous_gtids | 1 | 154 | | | master-bin.000001 | 154 | Rotate | 1 | 202 | master-bin.000002;pos=4 | +-------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+ mysql> show binlog events in 'master-bin.000002' ; #查看日志内容 +-------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+ | Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info | +-------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+ | master-bin.000002 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 123 | Server ver: 5.7.26-log, Binlog ver: 4 | | master-bin.000002 | 123 | Previous_gtids | 1 | 154 | | | master-bin.000002 | 154 | Anonymous_Gtid | 1 | 219 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS' | | master-bin.000002 | 219 | Query | 1 | 293 | BEGIN | | master-bin.000002 | 293 | Table_map | 1 | 342 | table_id: 108 (darren.test) | | master-bin.000002 | 342 | Write_rows | 1 | 382 | table_id: 108 flags: STMT_END_F | | master-bin.000002 | 382 | Xid | 1 | 413 | COMMIT /* xid=62 */ | +-------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
测试数据删除，让两个数据库的内容保持一致
mysql> show binlog events in 'master-bin.000002 ^C; mysql> drop database darren; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) mysql> reset master; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)