一：安装django
安装Django：
pip install django==2.1 #指定版本安装，默认是安装最新版本
注意：最新版本的Django对mysql版本也有要求
二：django命令
1.创建项目命令：django-admin startproject ssz_django
2.启动项目命令：
python manage.py runserver 默认端口启动8000
python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8002 指定端口启动，别人也可以访问
python manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:8002 指定端口启动，只能自己访问
3.创建子模块：python manage.py startapp user
4.创建表结构：
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
5.查询命令
python manage.py --help
6.pycharm创建子模块
Run manage.py Task 进入命令行
startapp user #创建user子模块
三：python创建django项目
四：项目架构
五： 表结构
六：
1.1 urls.py
该文件是用来配置url的
from django.contrib import admin
2 from django.urls import path
3 from user import views #引入模块
4
5 urlpatterns = [
6 path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
7 path('index/', views.user_info),
8 path('welcome/',views.welcome),
9 path('',views.index),#配置url
10 ]
1.2settings.py
该文件是配置文件，数据库等配置
import os
2
3 # Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
4 BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
5
6
7 # Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
8 # See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/howto/deployment/checklist/
9
10 # SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
11 SECRET_KEY = '6ui+975ck&h4o8f9ga!lnz%j7u&se&-%69&-(h(4!-q4n80y9c'
12
13 # SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
14 DEBUG = True
15
16 ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
17
18
19 # Application definition
20
21 INSTALLED_APPS = [ #加增加的应用
22 'django.contrib.admin',
23 'django.contrib.auth',
24 'django.contrib.contenttypes',
25 'django.contrib.sessions',
26 'django.contrib.messages',
27 'django.contrib.staticfiles',
28 'user',
29 'test_tools',
30 'case'
31 ]
32
33 MIDDLEWARE = [
34 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
35 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
36 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
37 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
38 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
39 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
40 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
41 ]
42
43 ROOT_URLCONF = 'sky.urls'
44
45 TEMPLATES = [
46 {
47 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
48 'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'templates')],#指的是Django寻找html的目录
49 'APP_DIRS': True,
50 'OPTIONS': {
51 'context_processors': [
52 'django.template.context_processors.debug',
53 'django.template.context_processors.request',
54 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
55 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
56 ],
57 },
58 },
59 ]
60
61 WSGI_APPLICATION = 'sky.wsgi.application'
62
63
64 # Database
65 # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/#databases
66
67 DATABASES = {
68 'default': {
69 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
70 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
71 }
72 }
73
74
75 # Password validation
76 # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
77
78 AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
79 {
80 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
81 },
82 {
83 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
84 },
85 {
86 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
87 },
88 {
89 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
90 },
91 ]
92
93
94 # Internationalization
95 # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/i18n/
96
97 #LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us' #英文
98 LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans'#中文
99
100 TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'#时区
101
102 USE_I18N = True
103
104 USE_L10N = True
105
106 USE_TZ = False#True：往数据库里插数据，用的标准时区的时间
107
108
109 # Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
110 # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/howto/static-files/
111
112 STATIC_URL = '/static/'
113
114 STATICFILES_DIRS = (
115 os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),
116 )
117
118 MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'images')#图片的总目录
119 MEDIA_URL = '/images/'
1.3wsgj.py
该文件是用来部署用的
1.4manage.py
项目管理文件
1.5models.py
操作数据库文件
from django.db import models 2 3 # Create your models here. 4 class Category(models.Model): 5 name = models.CharField(verbose_name='分类名称',max_length=20,unique=True) 6 create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间',auto_now_add=True) 7 update_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='修改时间',auto_now=True) 8 class Meta: 9 db_table = 'category' #指定表名 10 verbose_name = '分类' 11 verbose_name_plural = verbose_name 12 ordering = ['-create_time','name'] #排序，默认是升序,-是降序
建有外键的表的代码
class Article(models.Model): 2 title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标题',max_length=50) 3 content = models.TextField(verbose_name='文章内容') 4 category = models.ForeignKey(Category,on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING,db_constraint=False,verbose_name='分类') 5 #建外键，on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING：当分类被删除时，文章不被影响 6 #db_constraint = False:不会在表中建立真实的外键关系 7 8 img = models.ImageField(upload_to='article',verbose_name='文章图片',blank=True)#图片存放的文件夹 9 create_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='创建时间', auto_now_add=True) 10 update_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='修改时间', auto_now=True) 11 class Meta: 12 db_table = 'article' #指定表名 13 verbose_name = '文章' 14 verbose_name_plural = verbose_name 15 ordering = ['-create_time'] #排序，默认是升序,-是降序
代码写好后，分别执行以下命令，就可以生成表结构
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
Django 内嵌了sqllite，默认就是将表创建在sqllite中
如果想要连接mysql等其他数据库，需要自己在settings.py文件中配置
1.6关联删除模式：
外键删除操作模式
#models.DO_NOTHING:不受任何影响
#models.CASCADE:关联的数据也会被删除，分类被删除，引用分类的文章也会被删除
#models.SET:传入一个方法名，用方法返回值
#models.SET_DEFAULT：删除了，设置为默认值，要该字段有默认值
#models.SET_NULL：删除了，直接设置为空，要该字段可为空
#models.PROTECT#受保护，不能删除，只要这个分类下有文章，就不能删除这个分类
1.7views.py
是用来做逻辑处理的文件
from django.http import HttpResponse
2 from django.shortcuts import render
3 from . import models
4
5 # Create your views here.
6
7 def user_info(request):
8 s = '你好'
9 return HttpResponse(s)#返回的是字符串
10
11
12 def welcome(request):
13 username = '谢谢啦dddd'
14 # f = open('G:\pythonWorkspace\day018\sky\templates\welcome.html',encoding='utf-8')
15 # content = f.read()
16 # new_content = content.replace('{{ uname }}',username)
17 # return HttpResponse(new_content)
18 # render 就等于上面的一系列操作
19 return render(request,'welcome.html',{'uname':username})
20
21
22 def index(request):
23 categories = models.Category.objects.all()
24 articles = models.Article.objects.all()
25 return render(request,'index.html',{'categories':categories,'articles':articles})
七： ORM操作数据库
1.1增.删.改、查
#增
# Category= models.Category(name='python')
# Category.save()
# models.Category.objects.create(name='java')
# models.Category.objects.create(name='mysql')
# models.Category.objects.create(name='心情日记')
# models.Category.objects.create(name='我爱你')
#改
# c1 = models.Category.objects.get(id=1)
# c1.name = 'Java'
# c1.save() #单个数据修改
# q = models.Category.objects.filter(name='Java')
# q.update(name='python1')
#查
# c1=models.Category.objects.get(id=1)
# print(c1.name)
# print(c1.id)
# query_set = models.Category.objects.filter()
# print(query_set)
# c=query_set[0]
# print(c.id)
#删
# c1 = models.Category.objects.get(id=1)
# c1.delete() #