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  • 【Hadoop离线基础总结】HDFS的API操作

    HDFS的API操作


    创建maven工程并导入jar包

      <repositories>
        <repository>
          <id>cloudera</id>
          <url>https://repository.cloudera.com/artifactory/cloudera-repos/</url>
        </repository>
      </repositories>
    

      再从这里找需要的jar包:https://www.cloudera.com/documentation/enterprise/release-notes/topics/cdh_vd_cdh5_maven_repo_514x.html

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
            <artifactId>hadoop-client</artifactId>
            <version>2.6.0-mr1-cdh5.14.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
            <artifactId>hadoop-common</artifactId>
            <version>2.6.0-cdh5.14.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
            <artifactId>hadoop-hdfs</artifactId>
            <version>2.6.0-cdh5.14.0</version>
        </dependency>
    
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
            <artifactId>hadoop-mapreduce-client-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.6.0-cdh5.14.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/junit/junit -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
            <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
            <version>RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                    <!--    <verbal>true</verbal>-->
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
    
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.4.3</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>shade</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <minimizeJar>true</minimizeJar>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
          <!--  <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin </artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <descriptorRefs>
                        <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
                    </descriptorRefs>
                    <archive>
                        <manifest>
                            <mainClass>cn.itcast.hadoop.db.DBToHdfs2</mainClass>
                        </manifest>
                    </archive>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>make-assembly</id>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>single</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>-->
        </plugins>
    </build>
    

    使用URL的方式访问数据(重在了解)

    import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
    import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FsUrlStreamHandlerFactory;
    import org.junit.Test;
    
    import java.io.*;
    import java.net.MalformedURLException;
    import java.net.URL;
    
    public class demo {
        @Test
        public void demo1() throws IOException {
            //第一步:注册HDFS的URL,让java代码能够识别HDFS的URL形式
            URL.setURLStreamHandlerFactory(new FsUrlStreamHandlerFactory());
    
            InputStream inputStream = null;
            FileOutputStream outputStream =null;
    
            //URL地址可以在hadoop配置文件core-site.xml中查看
            String url = "hdfs://192.168.0.10:8020/test/yum.log";
    
            //打开文件输入流
            try {
                inputStream =new URL(url).openStream();
                outputStream = new FileOutputStream(new File("/Users/zhaozhuang/Downloads/hello.txt"));
                IOUtils.copy(inputStream,outputStream);
            }catch (IOException e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }finally {
                IOUtils.closeQuietly(inputStream);
                IOUtils.closeQuietly(outputStream);
            }
        }
    }
    
    

    上述代码中String url的出处
    url地址来源


    获取FileSystem的几种方式

    • 第一种方式获取FileSystem
    	@Test
        public void getFileSystem1() throws IOException {
            /*
            FileSystem是一个抽象类,获取抽象类的实例有两种方式
            第一种,看看这个抽象类有没有提供什么方法,返回它本身
            第二种,找子类
             */
            Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
            //如果这里不加任何配置,这里获取到的就是本地文件系统
            configuration.set("fs.defaultFS","hdfs://node01:8020");
            FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystem.get(configuration);
    
            System.out.println(fileSystem.toString());
            fileSystem.close();
        }
    
    • 第二种方式获取FileSystem
    	@Test
        public void getFileSystem2() throws URISyntaxException, IOException {
            Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
            FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://node01:8020"), configuration);
    
            System.out.println(fileSystem.toString());
            fileSystem.close();
        }
    
    • 第三种方式获取FileSystem
    	@Test
        public void getFileSystem3() throws IOException {
            Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
            configuration.set("fs.defaultFS","hdfs://node01:8020");
    
            FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystem.newInstance(configuration);
    
            System.out.println(fileSystem.toString());
            fileSystem.close();
        }
    
    • 第四种方式获取FileSystem
    	@Test
        public void getFileSystem4() throws URISyntaxException, IOException {
            Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
            FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystem.newInstance(new URI("hdfs://node01:8020"), configuration);
    
            System.out.println(fileSystem.toString());
            fileSystem.close();
        }
    

    递归遍历HDFS的所有文件

    • 通过递归遍历hdfs文件系统
    	@Test
        public void getAllFiles() throws URISyntaxException, IOException {
            //获取HDFS
            FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://node01:8020"), new Configuration());
            //获取文件的状态,可以通过fileStatuses来判断究竟是文件夹还是文件
            FileStatus[] fileStatuses = fileSystem.listStatus(new Path("hdfs://node01:8020/"));
            /**
            循环遍历FileStatus,判断文件究竟是文件夹还是文件
            如果是文件,直接输出路径
            如果是文件夹,继续遍历
             */
            for (FileStatus fileStatus : fileStatuses) {
                if (fileStatus.isDirectory()){
                    //如果是文件夹,继续遍历(需要再写一个方法来获取文件夹中的文件)
                    getDirFiles(fileStatus.getPath(),fileSystem);
                } else {
                    Path path = fileStatus.getPath();
                    System.out.println(path.toString());
                }
            }
        }
    
        public void getDirFiles(Path path,FileSystem fileSystem) throws IOException {
            //还是先获取文件的状态
            FileStatus[] fileStatuses = fileSystem.listStatus(path);
            //循环遍历fileStatus
            for (FileStatus fileStatus : fileStatuses) {
                if (fileStatus.isDirectory()){
                    getDirFiles(fileStatus.getPath(),fileSystem);
                } else {
                    System.out.println(fileStatus.getPath().toString());
                }
            }
        }
    
    • 官方提供的API直接遍历
    	/**
         * 通过hdfs直接提供的API进行遍历
         */
        @Test
        public void getAllFiles2() throws URISyntaxException, IOException {
            //获取HDFS
            FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://node01:8020"), new Configuration());
            //获取RemoteIterator 得到所有的文件或者文件夹,第一个参数指定遍历的路径,第二个参数表示是否要递归遍历
            RemoteIterator<LocatedFileStatus> locatedFileStatusRemoteIterator = fileSystem.listFiles(new Path("hdfs://node01:8020/"), true);
            //while循环遍历
            while (locatedFileStatusRemoteIterator.hasNext()){
                LocatedFileStatus next = locatedFileStatusRemoteIterator.next();
                System.out.println(next.getPath().toString());
            }
            fileSystem.close();
        }
    

    下载文件到本地

    	@Test
        public void downloadFileToLocal() throws URISyntaxException, IOException {
            //获取HDfS
            FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://node01:8020"), new Configuration());
            //打开输入流,读取HDfS上的文件
            FSDataInputStream inputStream = fileSystem.open(new Path("hdfs://node01:8020/test/yum.log"));
            //用输出流,确定下载到本地的路径
            FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(new File("/Users/zhaozhuang/Downloads/hello2.txt"));
            //用IOUtils把文件下载下来
            IOUtils.copy(inputStream,outputStream);
            //关闭输入流和输出流
            IOUtils.closeQuietly(inputStream);
            IOUtils.closeQuietly(outputStream);
            fileSystem.close();
        }
    

    在HDFS上创建文件夹

    	@Test
        public void mkdirs() throws URISyntaxException, IOException {
            //获取HDFS
            FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://node01:8020"), new Configuration());
            //创建文件夹
            boolean mkdirs = fileSystem.mkdirs(new Path("/hello/mydir/test"));
            //关闭系统
            fileSystem.close();
        }
    

    HDFS文件上传

    	@Test
        public void uploadFileFromLocal() throws URISyntaxException, IOException {
            //获取HDfS
            FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://node01:8020"), new Configuration());
            //上传文件
            fileSystem.copyFromLocalFile(new Path("/Users/zhaozhuang/Downloads/hello2.txt"),new Path("/"));
            //关闭系统
            fileSystem.close();
        }
    

    HDFS权限问题以及伪造用户

    • 首先停止hdfs集群,在node01机器上执行以下命令
    cd /export/servers/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.14.0
    
    stop-dfs.sh
    
    • 修改node01机器上的hdfs-site.xml当中的配置文件
    <property>
       <name>dfs.permissions</name>
       <value>true</value>
    </property>
    
    • 修改完成之后配置文件发送到其他机器上面去
    scp hdfs-site.xml node02:$PWD
    scp hdfs-site.xml node03:$PWD
    
    • 重启hdfs集群
    start-dfs.sh
    
    • 随意上传一些文件到我们hadoop集群当中准备测试使用
    cd /export/servers/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.14.0/etc/hadoop
    hdfs dfs -mkdir /config
    hdfs dfs -put *.xml /config
    hdfs dfs -chmod 600 /config/core-site.xml  
    
    • Java伪造root用户下载
    	@Test
        public void getConfig() throws URISyntaxException, IOException, InterruptedException {
            //获取HDFS(第三个参数为伪造的用户)
            FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://node01:8020"), new Configuration(),"root");
            //下载文件
            fileSystem.copyToLocalFile(new Path("/config/core-site.xml"),new Path("/Users/ZhaoZhuang/Downloads/hello3.txt"));
            //关闭系统
            fileSystem.close();
        }
    

    HDFS的小文件合并

    • 在linux进行小文件合并
    cd /export/servers
    
    hdfs dfs -getmerge /config/*.xml ./hello.xml
    
    • 在java进行小文件合并
    	@Test
        public void mergeFiles() throws URISyntaxException, IOException, InterruptedException {
            //获取HDFS
            FileSystem fileSystem = FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://node01:8020"), new Configuration(), "root");
            //创建输出流,在HDFS端创建一个合并文件
            FSDataOutputStream outputStream = fileSystem.create(new Path("/bigFile.xml"));
            //获取本地文件系统
            LocalFileSystem local = FileSystem.getLocal(new Configuration());
            //通过本地文件系统获取文件列表,为一个集合
            FileStatus[] fileStatuses = local.listStatus(new Path("/Volumes/赵壮备份/大数据离线课程资料/3.大数据离线第三天/上传小文件合并"));
            //遍历FileStatus
            for (FileStatus fileStatus : fileStatuses) {
                FSDataInputStream inputStream = local.open(fileStatus.getPath());
                IOUtils.copy(inputStream,outputStream);
                IOUtils.closeQuietly(inputStream);
            }
            IOUtils.closeQuietly(outputStream);
            local.close();
            fileSystem.close();
        }
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zzzsw0412/p/12772493.html
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