第51课 继承对象模型分析——多态的本质分析

多态的本质分析

用C写面向对象，用C实现多态

#ifndef _51_2_H_
#define _51_2_H_

typedef void Demo;
typedef void Derived;

Demo* Demo_Create(int i, int j);
int Demo_GetI(Demo* pThis);
int Demo_GetJ(Demo* pThis);
int Demo_Add(Demo* pThis, int value);
void Demo_Free(Demo* pThis);

Derived* Derived_Create(int i, int j, int k);
int Derived_GetK(Derived* pThis);
int Derived_Add(Derived* pThis, int value);

#endif

#include "51-2.h"
#include "malloc.h"

static int Demo_Virtual_Add(Demo* pThis, int value);
static int Derived_Virtual_Add(Demo* pThis, int value);

struct VTable     // 2. 定义虚函数表数据结构
{
    int (*pAdd)(void*, int);   // 3. 虚函数表里面存储什么？？？
};

struct ClassDemo
{
    struct VTable* vptr;     // 1. 定义虚函数表指针  ==》 虚函数表指针类型？？？
    int mi;
    int mj;
};

struct ClassDerived
{
    struct ClassDemo d;
    int mk;
};

static struct VTable g_Demo_vtbl = 
{
    Demo_Virtual_Add
};

static struct VTable g_Derived_vtbl = 
{
    Derived_Virtual_Add
};

Demo* Demo_Create(int i, int j)
{
    struct ClassDemo* ret = (struct ClassDemo*)malloc(sizeof(struct ClassDemo)); 

    if( ret != NULL )
    {
        ret->vptr = &g_Demo_vtbl;   // 4. 关联对象和虚函数表
        ret->mi = i;
        ret->mj = j;
    }
    
    return ret;
}

int Demo_GetI(Demo* pThis)
{
     struct ClassDemo* obj = (struct ClassDemo*)pThis;    

     return obj->mi;
}

int Demo_GetJ(Demo* pThis)
{
    struct ClassDemo* obj = (struct ClassDemo*)pThis;

    return obj->mj;
}

// 6. 定义虚函数表中指针所指向的具体函数
static int Demo_Virtual_Add(Demo* pThis, int value)
{
    struct ClassDemo* obj = (struct ClassDemo*)pThis;
    
    return obj->mi + obj->mj + value;
}


// 5. 分析具体的虚函数！！！！
int Demo_Add(Demo* pThis, int value)
{

    struct ClassDemo* obj = (struct ClassDemo*)pThis;

    return obj->vptr->pAdd(pThis, value);
}

void Demo_Free(Demo* pThis)
{
    free(pThis);
}

Derived* Derived_Create(int i, int j, int k)
{
    struct ClassDerived* ret = (struct ClassDerived*)malloc(sizeof(struct ClassDerived));
    
    if( ret != NULL )
    {
        ret->d.vptr = &g_Derived_vtbl;
        ret->d.mi = i;
        ret->d.mj = j;
        ret->mk = k;
    }
    
    return ret;
}

int Derived_GetK(Derived* pThis)
{
    struct ClassDerived* obj = (struct ClassDerived*)pThis;
    
    return obj->mk;
}

static int Derived_Virtual_Add(Demo* pThis, int value)
{
    struct ClassDerived* obj = (struct ClassDerived*)pThis; 

    return obj->mk + value;
}

int Derived_Add(Derived* pThis, int value)
{   
    struct ClassDerived* obj = (struct ClassDerived*)pThis;
    
    return obj->d.vptr->pAdd(pThis, value);
}

#include "stdio.h"
#include "51-2.h"

void run(Demo* p, int v)
{
    int r = Demo_Add(p, v);
    
    printf("r = %d
", r);
}

int main()
{
    Demo* pb = Demo_Create(1, 2);
    Derived* pd = Derived_Create(1, 22, 333);
    
    printf("pb->add(3) = %d
", Demo_Add(pb, 3));
    printf("pd->add(3) = %d
", Derived_Add(pd, 3));
    
    run(pb, 3);
    run(pd, 3);
    
    Demo_Free(pb);
    Demo_Free(pd);
    
    return 0;
}

继承的本质就是父子间成员变量的叠加
C++中的多态是通过虚函数表实现的
虚函数表是由编译器自动生成与维护的
虚函数的调用效率低于普通成员函数