python watchdog监控文件修改

概述

watchdog用来监控指定目录/文件的变化，如添加删除文件或目录、修改文件内容、重命名文件或目录等，每种变化都会产生一个事件，且有一个特定的事件类与之对应，然后再通过事件处理类来处理对应的事件，怎么样处理事件完全可以自定义，只需继承事件处理类的基类并重写对应实例方法。

使用例子

import sys
import time
import logging
from watchdog.observers import Observer
from watchdog.events import LoggingEventHandler

if __name__ == "__main__":
    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,
                        format='%(asctime)s - %(message)s',
                        datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
    path = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else '.'
    event_handler = LoggingEventHandler()
    observer = Observer()
    observer.schedule(event_handler, path, recursive=True)
    observer.start()
    try:
        while True:
            time.sleep(1)
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        observer.stop()
    observer.join()

使用方法

• Create an instance of the watchdog.observers.Observer thread class.
• Implement a subclass of watchdog.events.FileSystemEventHandler (or as in our case, we will use the built-in watchdog.events.LoggingEventHandler, which already does).
• Schedule monitoring a few paths with the observer instance attaching the event handler.
• Start the observer thread and wait for it generate events without blocking our main thread.。

上面两个是events和observer，介绍一下:

events

主要的内容都在events这个文件里面
包含了所有的可监听的事件
看一下例子的LoggingEventHandler

class LoggingEventHandler(FileSystemEventHandler):
    """Logs all the events captured."""

    def on_moved(self, event):
        super(LoggingEventHandler, self).on_moved(event)

        what = 'directory' if event.is_directory else 'file'
        logging.info("Moved %s: from %s to %s", what, event.src_path,
                     event.dest_path)

    def on_created(self, event):
        super(LoggingEventHandler, self).on_created(event)

        what = 'directory' if event.is_directory else 'file'
        logging.info("Created %s: %s", what, event.src_path)

    def on_deleted(self, event):
        super(LoggingEventHandler, self).on_deleted(event)

        what = 'directory' if event.is_directory else 'file'
        logging.info("Deleted %s: %s", what, event.src_path)

    def on_modified(self, event):
        super(LoggingEventHandler, self).on_modified(event)

        what = 'directory' if event.is_directory else 'file'
        logging.info("Modified %s: %s", what, event.src_path)

watchdog.events.FileSystemEventHandler()
事件处理器的基类，用于处理事件，用户需继承该类，并在子类中重写对应方法。

类实例方法如下：

• self.dispatch(event)
  接收到一个事件后，通过该方法来决定该event由下面哪个方法处理

• self.on_any_event(event)
  任何事件发生都会首先执行该方法，该方法默认为空，dispatch()方法会先执行该方法，然后再把event分派给其他方法处理

• self.on_moved(event)
  Called when a file or a directory is moved or renamed，也就是处理DirMovedEvent和FileMovedEvent事件，子类需重写该方法

• self.on_created(event)
  Called when a file or directory is created，也就是处理DirCreatedEvent和FileCreatedEvent事件，子类需重写该方法

• self.on_deleted(event)
  Called when a file or directory is deleted，也就是处理DirDeletedEvent和FileDeletedEvent事件，子类需重写该方法

• self.on_modified(event)
  Called when a file or directory is modified，也就是处理DirModifiedEvent和FileModifiedEvent事件，子类需重写该方法

observer

watchdog.observers.Observer(timeout=1)

该类实现了监控文件变化，触发对应的事件类，然后调用关联的事件处理类来处理事件。该类其实是threading.Thread的子类，通过observer.start()使之运行在一个线程中，不会阻塞主进程运行，然后可以调用observer.stop()来停止该线程
实例属性及方法：
observer.schedule(event_handler, path, recursive=False)
监控指定路径path，该路径触发任何事件都会调用event_handler来处理，如果path是目录，则recursive=True则会递归监控该目录的所有变化。每一次调用schedule()对一个路径进行监控处理就叫做一个watch，schedule()方法会返回这个watch，接着可以对这个watch做其他操作，如为该watch增加多个event处理器等
注：内部由一个字典handlers来保存所有watch，watch的值是一个集合，包含对应此watch的所有event handler：

handlers = {
    watch1: set(event_handler1, event_handler2),
    watch2: set(event_handler),
}

• observer.add_handler_for_watch(event_handler, watch)
  添加一个新的事件处理器到watch中，watch是ObservedWatch()类或其子类的实例

• observer.remove_handler_for_watch(event_handler, watch)
  从watch中移除一个事件处理器

• observer.unschedule(watch)
  移除一个watch及这个watch上的所有事件处理器

• observer.unschedule_all()
  移除所有watch及关联的事件处理器

• observer.on_thread_stop()
  等同于observer.unschedule_all()

• observer.stop()
  调用该方法来停止observer线程

from watchdog.observers import Observer
from watchdog.events import *
import time

class FileEventHandler(FileSystemEventHandler):
    def __init__(self):
        FileSystemEventHandler.__init__(self)

    def on_moved(self, event):
        if event.is_directory:
            print("directory moved from {0} to {1}".format(event.src_path,event.dest_path))
        else:
            print("file moved from {0} to {1}".format(event.src_path,event.dest_path))

    def on_created(self, event):
        if event.is_directory:
            print("directory created:{0}".format(event.src_path))
        else:
            print("file created:{0}".format(event.src_path))

    def on_deleted(self, event):
        if event.is_directory:
            print("directory deleted:{0}".format(event.src_path))
        else:
            print("file deleted:{0}".format(event.src_path))

    def on_modified(self, event):
        if event.is_directory:
            print("directory modified:{0}".format(event.src_path))
        else:
            print("file modified:{0}".format(event.src_path))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    observer = Observer()
    event_handler = FileEventHandler()
    observer.schedule(event_handler,"d:/dcm",True)
    observer.start()
    try:
        while True:
            time.sleep(1)
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        observer.stop()
    observer.join()

参考资料

https://pythonhosted.org/watchdog/
https://blog.csdn.net/chdhust/article/details/50514391

作者：ckj123
链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/1b8560df595a