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  • Open vSwitch使用案例扩展实验

    写在前面


    此随笔参考

    • 学习并理解基于Python的Mininet脚本。
    • 核心:通过“ovs-vsctl”命令,给OvS交换机下流表。

    实验简介


    在SDN环境中,控制器可以通过对交换机下发流表操作来控制交换机的转发行为。在本实验中,使用Mininet基于python的脚本,调用“ovs-vsctl”命令直接控制OpenvSwitch。使用默认的交换机泛洪规则,设置更高的优先级规则进行预先定义IP报文的转发。在多个交换机中通过设置不同TOS值的数据包将通过不同的方式到达目的地址,验证主机间的连通性及到达目的的时间。

    实验任务一


    使用默认的交换机泛洪规则,设置更高的优先级规则进行预先定义IP报文的转发。

    • 实验一拓扑

    • 创建脚本,并编辑内容如下:
    #!/usr/bin/python
     
    from mininet.net import Mininet
    from mininet.node import Node
    from mininet.link import Link
    from mininet.log import  setLogLevel, info
     
    def myNet():
        "Create network from scratch using Open vSwitch."
     
        info( "*** Creating nodes
    " )  #创建节点
        switch0 = Node( 's0', inNamespace=False )
     
        h0 = Node( 'h0' )
        h1 = Node( 'h1' )
        h2 = Node( 'h2' )
     
        info( "*** Creating links
    " )  #创建连接
        Link( h0, switch0)
        Link( h1, switch0)
        Link( h2, switch0)
     
        info( "*** Configuring hosts
    " )
        h0.setIP( '192.168.123.1/24' )
        h1.setIP( '192.168.123.2/24' )
        h2.setIP( '192.168.123.3/24' )
           
        info( "*** Starting network using Open vSwitch
    " )
        switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp0' )
        switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-br dp0' )
     
        for intf in switch0.intfs.values():   #为刚刚创建的连接,依次分配端口
            print intf
            print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-port dp0 %s' % intf )
     
        # Note: controller and switch are in root namespace, and we
        # can connect via loopback interface
        #switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl set-controller dp0 tcp:127.0.0.1:6633' )
      
        print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-vsctl show')
        
        #下发流表
        print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=1,actions=flood' ) 
        print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=2,actions=flood' )
        print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=3,actions=flood' )
      
        print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=10,ip,nw_dst=192.168.123.1,actions=output:1' ) 
        print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=10,ip,nw_dst=192.168.123.2,actions=output:2' ) 
        print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=10,ip,nw_dst=192.168.123.3,actions=output:3')
     
        #switch0.cmd('tcpdump -i s0-eth0 -U -w aaa &')
        #h0.cmd('tcpdump -i h0-eth0 -U -w aaa &')
        info( "*** Running test
    " )
        h0.cmdPrint( 'ping -c 3 ' + h1.IP() )
        h0.cmdPrint( 'ping -c 3 ' + h2.IP() )
     
        #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl show dp0' )    
        #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl dump-tables  dp0' )
        #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl dump-ports   dp0' )
        #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl dump-flows  dp0' )
        #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl dump-aggregate  dp0' )
        #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl queue-stats dp0' )
     
        info( "*** Stopping network
    " )
        switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp0' )
        switch0.deleteIntfs()
        info( '
    ' )
     
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        setLogLevel( 'info' )
        info( '*** Scratch network demo (kernel datapath)
    ' )
        Mininet.init()
        myNet()
    

    s0中的流表项:

    • 优先级为10:
      • 目的IP为192.168.123.1(h0)的包,1口发出。
      • 目的IP为192.168.123.2(h1)的包,2口发出。
      • 目的IP为192.168.123.3(h2)的包,3口发出。
    • 优先级为1:
      • 1口进来的包,泛洪发出。
      • 2口进来的包,泛洪发出。
      • 3口进来的包,泛洪发出。
    • 给权限后运行脚本。
    • 结果如下:


    实验任务二


    在多个交换机中通过设置不同TOS值的数据包将通过不同的方式到达目的地址,验证主机间的连通性及到达目的的时间。

    • 实验二拓扑:

    TOS值:
    RFC 791中定义了TOS位的前三位为IP Precedence,划分成了8个优先级,即:IP优先级字段。可以应用于流分类,数值越大表示优先级越高。IP 优先权与CoS 相同,有8种服务(0 到7)可以标记。IP优先权值应用类型如下:

    • 7 预留(Reserved)
    • 6 预留(Reserved)
    • 5 语音(Voice)
    • 4 视频会议(Video Conference)
    • 3 呼叫信号(Call Signaling)
    • 2 高优先级数据(High-priority Data)
    • 1 中优先级数据(Medium-priority Data)
    • 0 尽力服务数据(Best-effort Data)
      在网络中实际部署的时候8个优先级是远远不够的,于是在RFC 2474中又对TOS进行了重新的定义。把前六位定义成DSCP差分服务代码点(Differentiated Services Code Point),后两位保留。
    • 建立脚本并修改为以下内容:
    #!/usr/bin/python
     
    from mininet.net import Mininet
    from mininet.node import Node
    from mininet.link import TCLink
    from mininet.log import  setLogLevel, info
     
    def myNet():
        "Create network from scratch using Open vSwitch."
     
        info( "*** Creating nodes
    " )
        switch0 = Node( 's0', inNamespace=False )
        switch1 = Node( 's1', inNamespace=False )
        switch2 = Node( 's2', inNamespace=False )
        switch3 = Node( 's3', inNamespace=False )
        switch4 = Node( 's4', inNamespace=False )
        h0 = Node( 'h0' )
        h1 = Node( 'h1' )
     
        info( "*** Creating links
    " )
        linkopts0=dict(bw=100, delay='1ms', loss=0)
        linkopts1=dict(bw=1, delay='100ms', loss=0)
        linkopts2=dict(bw=10, delay='50ms', loss=0)
        linkopts3=dict(bw=100, delay='1ms', loss=0)
        TCLink( h0, switch0, **linkopts0)
        TCLink( switch0, switch1, **linkopts0)
        TCLink( switch0, switch2, **linkopts0)
        TCLink( switch0, switch3, **linkopts0)
        TCLink( switch1, switch4,**linkopts1)
        TCLink( switch2, switch4,**linkopts2)
        TCLink( switch3, switch4,**linkopts3)
        TCLink( h1, switch4, **linkopts0)
     
        info( "*** Configuring hosts
    " )
        h0.setIP( '192.168.123.1/24' )
        h1.setIP( '192.168.123.2/24' )
        info( str( h0 ) + '
    ' )
        info( str( h1 ) + '
    ' )
           
        info( "*** Starting network using Open vSwitch
    " )
        switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp0' )
        switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-br dp0' )
        switch1.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp1' )
        switch1.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-br dp1' )
        switch2.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp2' )
        switch2.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-br dp2' )
        switch3.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp3' )
        switch3.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-br dp3' )
        switch4.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp4' )
        switch4.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-br dp4' )
     
        for intf in switch0.intfs.values():
            print intf
            print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-port dp0 %s' % intf )
     
        for intf in switch1.intfs.values():
            print intf
            print switch1.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-port dp1 %s' % intf )
     
        for intf in switch2.intfs.values():
            print intf
            print switch2.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-port dp2 %s' % intf )
     
        for intf in switch3.intfs.values():
            print intf
            print switch3.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-port dp3 %s' % intf )
     
        for intf in switch4.intfs.values():
            print intf
            print switch4.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-port dp4 %s' % intf )
       
        print switch1.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp1 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=1,actions=flood' )
        print switch1.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp1 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=1,actions=output:2' ) 
        print switch1.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp1 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=2,actions=output:1' )
        print switch2.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp2 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=1,actions=output:2' )
        print switch2.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp2 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=2,actions=output:1' )
        print switch3.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp3 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=1,actions=output:2' )    
        print switch3.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp3 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=2,actions=output:1' )
        print switch4.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp4 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=1,actions=output:4' )
        print switch4.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp4 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=2,actions=output:4' )
        print switch4.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp4 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=3,actions=output:4' )
        print switch4.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp4 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=4,actions=output:3' )
       
        #print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=10,ip,nw_dst=192.168.123.2,actions=output:4')
        print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=10,ip,nw_dst=192.168.123.2,nw_tos=0x10,actions=output:2') 
        print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=10,ip,nw_dst=192.168.123.2,nw_tos=0x20,actions=output:3')
        print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=10,ip,nw_dst=192.168.123.2,nw_tos=0x30,actions=output:4') 
        #print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=10,ip,nw_dst=192.168.123.1,actions=output:1')
     
        #switch0.cmd('tcpdump -i s0-eth0 -U -w aaa &')
        #h0.cmd('tcpdump -i h0-eth0 -U -w aaa &')
        info( "*** Running test
    " )
        h0.cmdPrint( 'ping -Q 0x10 -c 3 ' + h1.IP() )
        h0.cmdPrint( 'ping -Q 0x20 -c 3 ' + h1.IP() )
        h0.cmdPrint( 'ping -Q 0x30 -c 3 ' + h1.IP() )
        #h1.cmdPrint('iperf -s -p 12345 -u &')
        #h0.cmdPrint('iperf -c ' + h1.IP() +' -u -b 10m -p 12345 -t 10 -i 1')
     
        #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl show dp0' )    
        #print switch1.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl show dp1' )
        #print switch2.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl show dp2' )
        #print switch3.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl show dp3' )
        #print switch4.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl show dp4' )  
        #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl dump-tables  dp0' )
        #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl dump-ports   dp0' )
        #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl dump-flows  dp0' )
        #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl dump-aggregate  dp0' )
        #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl queue-stats dp0' )
     
        #print "Testing video transmission between h1 and h2"
        #h1.cmd('./myrtg_svc -u > myrd &')
        #h0.cmd('./mystg_svc -trace st 192.168.123.2')
     
        info( "*** Stopping network
    " )
        switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp0' )
        switch0.deleteIntfs()
        switch1.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp1' )
        switch1.deleteIntfs()
        switch2.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp2' )
        switch2.deleteIntfs()
        switch3.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp3' )
        switch3.deleteIntfs()
        switch4.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp4' )
        switch4.deleteIntfs()
        info( '
    ' )
     
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        setLogLevel( 'info' )
        info( '*** Scratch network demo (kernel datapath)
    ' )
        Mininet.init()
        myNet()
    

    s0中的流表项:

    • 优先级为10:
      • 目的IP为192.168.123.2(h1)的包且TOS为10,2口发出。
      • 目的IP为192.168.123.2(h1)的包且TOS为20,3口发出。
      • 目的IP为192.168.123.2(h1)的包且TOS为30,4口发出。

    s1中的流表项:

    • 优先级为1:
      • 1口进来的包,泛洪发出。
      • 1口进来的包,2口发出。
      • 2口进来的包,1口发出。

    s2中的流表项:

    • 优先级为1:
      • 1口进来的包,2口发出。
      • 2口进来的包,1口发出。

    s3中的流表项:

    • 优先级为1:
      • 1口进来的包,2口发出。
      • 2口进来的包,1口发出。

    s4中的流表项:

    • 优先级为1:
      • 1口进来的包,4口发出。
      • 2口进来的包,4口发出。
      • 3口进来的包,4口发出。
      • 4口进来的包,3口发出。

    本实验中设置了链路的带宽以及时延,可以通过ping的时间来区分转发的路径。

    • 效果截图:


    实验结论


    此实验并未连接控制器,只通过脚本在单个/多个交换机中下发静态流表实现主机间的通信。在给多个交换机下发流表时,通过ping操作测试验证主机间的连通性,并通过-Q参数设置不同的tos值验证主机间的连通性及到达目的地址的时间,通过验证发现,tos值设置越大,时间使用越少。因为TOS值不同,走的路径不同,时间自然不同。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/031602523liu/p/9031916.html
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