MySQL索引优化（索引两表优化案例）

建表SQL

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `class` (
`id` INT(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`card` INT(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
);
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `book` (
`bookid` INT(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`card` INT(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`bookid`)
);
 
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
 
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));
INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

　　　　

# 下面开始explain分析
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM class LEFT JOIN book ON class.card = book.card;

#结论：type 有All

# 添加索引优化
ALTER TABLE `book` ADD INDEX Y ( `card`);

# 第2次explain
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM class LEFT JOIN book ON class.card = book.card;

#可以看到第二行的 type 变为了 ref,rows 也变成了优化比较明显。
#这是由左连接特性决定的。LEFT JOIN 条件用于确定如何从右表搜索行,左边一定都有,
#所以右边是我们的关键点,一定需要建立索引。

# 删除旧索引 + 新建 + 第3次explain
DROP INDEX Y ON book;
ALTER TABLE class ADD INDEX X (card);

EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM class LEFT JOIN book ON class.card = book.card;