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  • 数据结构之链表

    首先,我们来定义一个链表的数据结构,如下

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    1 public class Link {
     2     private int value;
     3     private Link next;
     4     public void set_Value(int m_Value) {
     5         this.value = m_Value;
     6     }
     7     public int get_Value() {
     8         return value;
     9     }
    10     public void set_Next(Link m_Next) {
    11         this.next = m_Next;
    12     }
    13     public Link get_Next() {
    14         return next;
    15     }
    16 }

      

    有了这个数据结构后,我们需要一个方法来生成和输出链表,其中链表中每个元素的值采用的是随机数。

    生成链表的代码如下:

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    1     public static Link init(int count, int maxValue)
     2     {
     3         Link list = new Link();
     4         Link temp = list;
     5         Random r = new Random();
     6         temp.set_Value(Integer.MIN_VALUE);
     7         for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
     8         {
     9             Link node = new Link();
    10             node.set_Value(r.nextInt(maxValue));
    11             temp.set_Next(node);
    12             temp=node;
    13         }
    14         temp.set_Next(null);
    15         return list;
    16     }
    17    
    18     public static Link init(int count)
    19     {
    20         return init(count, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
    21     }

      

    对于链表的头结点,我们是不存储任何信息的,因此将其值设置为Integer.MIN_VALUE。我们重载了生成链表的方法。

    下面是打印链表信息的方法:

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    1     public static void printList(Link list)
     2     {
     3         if (list == null || list.get_Next() == null)
     4         {
     5             System.out.println("The list is null or empty.");
     6             return;
     7         }
     8         Link temp = list.get_Next();
     9         StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
    10         while(temp != null)
    11         {
    12             sb.append(temp.get_Value() + "->");
    13             temp=temp.get_Next();
    14         }
    15         System.out.println(sb.substring(0, sb.length() - 2));
    16     }

      

    好了,有了以上这些基础的方法, 我们就可以深入探讨链表相关的面试题了。

      • 链表反转
        思路:有两种方法可以实现链表反转,第一种是直接循环每个元素,修改它的Next属性;另一种是采取递归的方式。
        首先来看直接循环的方式:
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    1     public static Link Reverve(Link list)
     2     {
     3         if (list == null || list.get_Next() == null || list.get_Next().get_Next() == null)
     4         {
     5             System.out.println("list is null or just contains 1 element, so do not need to reverve.");
     6             return list;
     7         }       
     8         Link current = list.get_Next();
     9         Link next = current.get_Next();
    10         current.set_Next(null);
    11         while(next != null)
    12         {
    13             Link temp = next.get_Next();
    14             next.set_Next(current);
    15             current = next;
    16             next = temp;
    17         }
    18         list.set_Next(current);
    19        
    20         return list;
    21     }

      然后是递归方式:

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    1     public static Link RecursiveReverse(Link list)
     2     {
     3         if (list == null || list.get_Next() == null || list.get_Next().get_Next() == null)
     4         {
     5             System.out.println("list is null or just contains 1 element, so do not need to reverve.");
     6             return list;
     7         }
     8        
     9         list.set_Next(Recursive(list.get_Next()));
    10        
    11         return list;
    12     }
    13    
    14    
    15     private static Link Recursive(Link list)
    16     {
    17         if (list.get_Next() == null)
    18         {
    19             return list;
    20         }
    21         Link temp = Recursive(list.get_Next());
    22         list.get_Next().set_Next(list);
    23         list.set_Next(null);
    24        
    25         return temp;

      输出指定位置的元素(倒数第N个元素)
    思路:采用两个游标来遍历链表,第1个游标先走N步,然后两个游标同时前进,当第一个游标到最后时,第二个游标就是想要的元素。

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    1     public static Link find(Link list, int rPos)
     2     {
     3         if (list == null || list.get_Next() == null)
     4         {
     5             return null;
     6         }
     7         int i = 1;
     8         Link first = list.get_Next();
     9         Link second = list.get_Next();
    10         while(true)
    11         {
    12             if (i==rPos || first == nullbreak;
    13             first = first.get_Next();
    14             i++;
    15         }
    16         if (first == null)
    17         {
    18             System.out.println("The length of list is less than " + rPos + ".");
    19             return null;
    20         }
    21         while(first.get_Next() != null)
    22         {
    23             first = first.get_Next();
    24             second = second.get_Next();
    25         }
    26        
    27         return second;
    28     }

      删除指定节点
    思路:可以分情况讨论,如果指定节点不是尾节点,那么可以采用取巧的方式,将指定节点的值修改为下一个节点的值,将指定节点的Next属性设置为Next.Next;但如果指定节点为尾节点,那么只能是从头开始遍历。

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    1     public static void delete(Link list, Link element)
     2     {
     3         if (element.get_Next() != null)
     4         {
     5             element.set_Value(element.get_Next().get_Value());
     6             element.set_Next(element.get_Next().get_Next());
     7         }
     8         else
     9         {
    10             Link current = list.get_Next();
    11             while(current.get_Next() != element)
    12             {
    13                 current = current.get_Next();
    14             }
    15             current.set_Next(null);
    16         }
    17     }

      删除重复节点
    思路:采用hashtable来存取链表中的元素,遍历链表,当指定节点的元素在hashtable中已经存在,那么删除该节点。

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    1     public static void removeDuplicate(Link list)
     2     {
     3         if (list == null || list.get_Next() == null || list.get_Next().get_Next() == nullreturn;
     4         Hashtable table = new Hashtable();
     5         Link cur = list.get_Next();
     6         Link next = cur.get_Next();
     7         table.put(cur.get_Value(), 1);
     8         while(next != null)
     9         {
    10             if (table.containsKey(next.get_Value()))
    11             {
    12                 cur.set_Next(next.get_Next());
    13                 next = next.get_Next();                
    14             }
    15             else
    16             {
    17                 table.put(next.get_Value(), 1);
    18                 cur= next;
    19                 next = next.get_Next();
    20             }
    21            
    22         }       
    23     }

      寻找链表中间节点
    思路:采用两个游标的方式,第一个游标每次前进两步,第二个游标每次前进一步,当第一个游标到最后时,第二个游标就是中间位置。需要注意的是,如果链表元素的个数是偶数,那么中间元素应该是两个。

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    1     public static void findMiddleElement(Link list)
     2     {
     3         if (list == null || list.get_Next() == nullreturn;
     4         System.out.println("The Middle element is:");
     5         if (list.get_Next().get_Next() == null)
     6         {
     7             System.out.println(list.get_Next().get_Value());
     8         }
     9         Link fast = list.get_Next();
    10         Link slow = list.get_Next();
    11         while(fast.get_Next() != null && fast.get_Next().get_Next() != null)
    12         {
    13             fast = fast.get_Next().get_Next();
    14             slow = slow.get_Next();
    15         }
    16            
    17         if (fast != null && fast.get_Next() == null)
    18         {
    19             System.out.println(slow.get_Value());
    20         }
    21         else
    22         {
    23             System.out.println(slow.get_Value());
    24             System.out.println(slow.get_Next().get_Value());
    25         }
    26     }

      链表元素排序
    思路:链表元素排序,有两种方式,一种是链表元素本身的排序,一种是链表元素值得排序。第二种方式更简单、灵活一些。

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    1     public static void Sort(Link list)
     2     {
     3         if (list == null || list.get_Next() == null || list.get_Next().get_Next() == null)
     4         {
     5             return;
     6         }
     7         Link current = list.get_Next();
     8         Link next = current.get_Next();
     9         while(current.get_Next() != null)
    10         {
    11             while(next != null)
    12             {
    13                 if (current.get_Value() > next.get_Value())
    14                 {
    15                     int temp = current.get_Value();
    16                     current.set_Value(next.get_Value());
    17                     next.set_Value(temp);
    18                 }
    19                 next = next.get_Next();
    20             }
    21             current = current.get_Next();
    22             next = current.get_Next();
    23         }
    24     }

      判断链表是否有环,如果有,找出环上的第一个节点
    思路:可以采用两个游标的方式判断链表是否有环,一个游标跑得快,一个游标跑得慢。当跑得快的游标追上跑得慢的游标时,说明有环;当跑得快的游标跑到尾节点时,说明无环。
    至于如何找出换上第一个节点,可以分两步,首先确定环上的某个节点,计算头结点到该节点的距离以及该节点在环上循环一次的距离,然后建立两个游标,分别指向头结点和环上的节点,并将距离平摊(哪个距离大,先移动哪个游标,直至两个距离相等),最后同时移动两个游标,碰到的第一个相同元素,就是环中的第一个节点。

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    1     public static Link getLoopStartNode(Link list)
     2     {
     3         if (list == null || list.get_Next() == null || list.get_Next().get_Next() == null)
     4         {
     5             return null;
     6         }
     7         int m = 1, n = 1;
     8         Link fast = list.get_Next();
     9         Link slow = list.get_Next();
    10         while(fast != null && fast.get_Next() != null)
    11         {
    12             fast = fast.get_Next().get_Next();
    13             slow = slow.get_Next();
    14             if (fast == slow) break;
    15             m++;
    16         }
    17         if (fast != slow)
    18         {
    19             return null;
    20         }
    21         Link temp = fast;
    22         while(temp.get_Next() != fast)
    23         {
    24             temp = temp.get_Next();
    25             n++;
    26         }
    27         Link node1 = list.get_Next();
    28         Link node2 = fast;
    29         if (m < n)
    30         {
    31             for (int i = 0; i < n - m; i++)
    32             {
    33                 node2 = node2.get_Next();
    34             }
    35         }
    36         if (m > n)
    37         {
    38             for (int i = 0; i < m - n; i++)
    39             {
    40                 node1 = node1.get_Next();
    41             }
    42         }
    43         while(true)
    44         {
    45             if (node1 == node2)
    46             {
    47                 break;
    48             }
    49             node1 = node1.get_Next();
    50             node2 = node2.get_Next();
    51         }
    52        
    53         return node1;
    54        
    55     }

      判断两个链表是否相交
    思路:判断两个链表的尾节点是否相同,如果相同,一定相交

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    1     public static boolean isJoint(Link list1, Link list2)
     2     {
     3         if (list1 == null || list2 == null || list1.get_Next() == null || list2.get_Next() == null)
     4         {
     5             return false;
     6         }
     7         Link node1 = list1;
     8         Link node2 = list2;
     9         while(node1.get_Next() != null)
    10         {
    11             node1 = node1.get_Next();
    12         }
    13         while(node2.get_Next() != null)
    14         {
    15             node2 = node2.get_Next();
    16         }
    17        
    18         return node1 == node2;
    19     }

      合并两个有序链表
    思路:新建一个链表,然后同时遍历两个有序链表,比较其大小,将元素较小的链表向前移动,直至某一个链表元素为空。然后将非空链表上的所有元素追加到新建链表中。

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    1     public static Link merge(Link list1, Link list2)
     2     {
     3         Link list = new Link();
     4         list.set_Value(Integer.MIN_VALUE);
     5         Link current1 = list1.get_Next();
     6         Link current2 = list2.get_Next();
     7         Link current = list;
     8         while(current1 != null && current2 != null)
     9         {
    10             Link temp = new Link();
    11             if (current1.get_Value() > current2.get_Value())
    12             {
    13                 temp.set_Value(current2.get_Value());
    14                 current2 = current2.get_Next();
    15             }
    16             else
    17             {
    18                 temp.set_Value(current1.get_Value());
    19                 current1 = current1.get_Next();
    20             }
    21             current.set_Next(temp);
    22             current = temp;
    23         }
    24         if (current1 != null)
    25         {
    26             while(current1 != null)
    27             {
    28                 Link temp = new Link();
    29                 temp.set_Value(current1.get_Value());
    30                 current.set_Next(temp);
    31                 current = temp;
    32                 current1 = current1.get_Next();
    33             }
    34         }
    35        
    36         if (current2 != null)
    37         {
    38             while(current2 != null)
    39             {
    40                 Link temp = new Link();
    41                 temp.set_Value(current2.get_Value());
    42                 current.set_Next(temp);
    43                 current = temp;
    44                 current2 = current2.get_Next();
    45             }
    46         }
    47        
    48         current.set_Next(null);
    49        
    50         return list;
    51     }

      交换链表中任意两个元素(非头结点)
    思路:首先需要保存两个元素的pre节点和next节点,然后分别对pre节点和next节点的Next属性重新赋值。需要注意的是,当两个元素师相邻元素时,需要特殊处理,否则会将链表陷入死循环。

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    1     public static void swap(Link list, Link element1, Link element2)
     2     {
     3         if (list == null || list.get_Next() == null || list.get_Next().get_Next() == null ||
     4                 element1 == null || element2 == null || element1 == element2)
     5             return;
     6                
     7         Link pre1 = null, pre2 = null, next1 = null, next2 = null;
     8         Link cur1=element1, cur2=element2;
     9         Link temp = list.get_Next();
    10         boolean bFound1 = false;
    11         boolean bFound2 = false;
    12         while(temp != null)
    13         {
    14             if(temp.get_Next() == cur1)
    15             {
    16                 pre1=temp;
    17                 next1 = temp.get_Next().get_Next();
    18                 bFound1 = true;
    19             }
    20             if (temp.get_Next() == cur2)
    21             {
    22                 pre2 = temp;
    23                 next2 = temp.get_Next().get_Next();
    24                 bFound2=true;
    25             }
    26             if (bFound1 && bFound2) break;
    27             temp = temp.get_Next();
    28         }
    29        
    30         if (cur1.get_Next() == cur2)
    31         {
    32             temp = cur2.get_Next();
    33             pre1.set_Next(cur2);
    34             cur2.set_Next(cur1);
    35             cur1.set_Next(temp);
    36         }
    37         else if (cur2.get_Next() == cur1)
    38         {
    39             temp = cur1.get_Next();
    40             pre2.set_Next(cur1);
    41             cur1.set_Next(cur2);
    42             cur2.set_Next(temp);
    43         }
    44         else
    45         {
    46             pre1.set_Next(cur2);
    47             cur1.set_Next(next2);
    48             pre2.set_Next(cur1);
    49             cur2.set_Next(next1);
    50         }
    51     }

      这里,还有另外一种取巧的方法,就是直接交换两个元素的值,而不需要修改引用。

    1
    2
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    10
    1     public static void swapValue(Link list, Link element1, Link element2)
     2     {
     3         if (element1 == null || element2 == null)
     4         {
     5             return;
     6         }
     7         int temp = element1.get_Value();
     8         element1.set_Value(element2.get_Value());
     9         element2.set_Value(temp);
    10     }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/1And0/p/5550094.html
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