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  • mysql_约束+外键

    约束

    唯一约束:unique

    非空约束:not null

    主键约束:primary key

    添加数据自动创建:id int primary key auto_increment

    初始化为当前时间:date_time datetime default current_timestamp

    随改变 时间改变为当前时间:date_time datetime default current_timestamp on update current_timestamp

    1. 创建时添加约束:

    create table ‘表’(

    id int primary key auto_increment,

    name char not null ,

    data_time datetime default current_timestamp,

    );

    1. 修改约束:

    alter table ‘表’ modify name char not null;

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    外键约束:constraint fkseat foreign key(my_id) references ‘表’(id)

    mysql> create table seats(id int primary key,name varchar(20) not null );

    mysql> desc seats;

    +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

    | Field | Type   | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

    +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

    | id  | int     | NO  | PRI | NULL |    |

    | name | varchar(20) | NO  |   | NULL |     |

    +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

    mysql> insert into seats values(1,"一组"),(2,"二组"),(3,"三组"),(4,"四组");

    mysql> select * from seats;

    +----+------+

    | id | name|

    +----+------+

    | 1 | 一组|

    | 2 | 二组|

    | 3 | 三组|

    | 4 | 四组|

    +----+------+

    mysql> create table students(id int primary key,name varchar(20) not null,age int not null,seatid int,constraint fkseat foreign key(seatid) references seats(id));

    mysql> insert into students values(1, "李琰", 18, "1"), (7, "秦晓光", 17, "2"),(8, "杨润国", 19, "2"), (13, "周雨辉", 16, "3");

    mysql> select * from students;

    +----+--------+-----+--------+

    | id | name| age | seatid |

    +----+--------+-----+--------+

    | 1 | 李琰 | 18 |  1  |

    | 7 |秦晓光| 17 |  2  |

    | 8 |杨润国| 19 |  2  |

    | 13 |周雨辉| 16 |  3  |

    +----+--------+-----+--------+

    mysql> insert into students values(20,"诸葛亮",20,"5");

    ERROR 1452 (23000): Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails (`day1`.`students`, CONSTRAINT `fkseat` FOREIGN KEY (`seatid`) REFERENCES `seats` (`id`))

    mysql> insert into students values(20,"诸葛亮",20,"4");

    mysql> select * from students;

    +----+--------+-----+--------+

    | id | name | age | seatid |

    +----+--------+-----+--------+

    | 1 | 李琰 | 18 |  1  |

    | 7 |秦晓光| 17 |  2  |

    | 8 |杨润国| 19 |  2  |

    |13|周雨辉| 16 |  3  |

    |20|诸葛亮| 20 |  4  |

    +----+--------+-----+--------+

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/20010405ma/p/13848956.html
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