Dockerfile指令
FROM #基础镜像 一切从这里开始搭建 MAINTAINER #镜像是谁写的 姓名+邮箱 RUN #镜像构建的时候需要运行的命令 ADD #步骤：tomcat镜像 这个tomcat压缩包 添加内容 WORKDIR #镜像工作的目录 VOLUME #挂载的目录 EXPOSE #保留端口配置 CMD #指定这个容器启动的时候需要运行的命令，只有最后一个会生效 可被替代 ENTRYPOINT #指定这个容器启动的时候需要运行的命令，可以追加命令 ONBUILD #当构建一个被继承 Dockerfile 这个时候就会运行 ONBUILD 的指令 触发指令 COPY #类似ADD 将我们文件拷贝到镜像中 ENV #构建的时候设置环境变量
实战测试
#构建自己的centos镜像 root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/home/text1# vim xiaohei root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/home/text1# cat xiaohei FROM centos MAINTAINER FANWD<320013624@qq.com ENV MYPATH /usr/local WORKDIR $MYPATH RUN yum -y install vim RUN yum -y install net-tools EXPOSE 80 CMD echo $MYPATH CMD echo "---------end--------" CMD /bin/bash #通过文件构建镜像 root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/home/text1# docker build -f xiaohei -t mycentos:0.1 . #命令构建 Successfully built 2e209a1255fd Successfully tagged mycentos:0.1 #新建镜像进行测试 [root@9c21b634a633 local]# pwd /usr/local [root@9c21b634a633 local]# ifconfig eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 172.17.0.2 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255 ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet) RX packets 21 bytes 2800 (2.7 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 [root@9c21b634a633 local]# vim xiaohei123 # docker history 容器id 查看镜像变化的过程
CMD && ENTRYPOINT 的区别
CMD #指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令 只有最后一个会生效 可被替代 ENTRYPOINT #指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令 可以追加命令 测试CMD #测试 root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/home/text1# cat cesho1 FROM centos CMD ["ls","-a"] root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/home/text1# docker build -f cesho1 -t centos:3.0 . Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072kB Step 1/2 : FROM centos ---> 300e315adb2f Step 2/2 : CMD ["ls","-a"] ---> Running in 00af7ce5a732 Removing intermediate container 00af7ce5a732 ---> 3e4ea39097a2 Successfully built 3e4ea39097a2 Successfully tagged centos:3.0 #进入 root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/home/text1# docker run -it centos:3.0 . .dockerenv dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr .. bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var 、 #追加-l测试报错 root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/home/text1# docker run 3e4ea39097a2 -l docker: Error response from daemon: OCI runtime create failed: container_linux.go:367: starting container process caused: exec: "-l": executable file not found in $PATH: unknown. ERRO[0000] error waiting for container: context canceled
测试ENTRYPOINT
root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/home/text1# cat cesho1 FROM centos ENTRYPOINT ["ls","-a"] #新建镜像 root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/home/text1# docker build -f cesho1 -t centos:4.0 . Sending build context to Docker daemon 7.68kB Step 1/2 : FROM centos ---> 300e315adb2f Step 2/2 : ENTRYPOINT ["ls","-a"] ---> Running in 6112f7cf447a Removing intermediate container 6112f7cf447a ---> b148ce1f9d73 Successfully built b148ce1f9d73 Successfully tagged centos:4.0 #打开镜像 root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/home/text1# docker run -it centos:4.0 . .dockerenv dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr .. bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var #追加命令 -l root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/home/text1# docker run -it b148ce1f9d73 -l total 56 drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Mar 29 07:27 . drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Mar 29 07:27 .. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Mar 29 07:27 .dockerenv lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 3 15:22 bin -> usr/bin drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 360 Mar 29 07:27 dev drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Mar 29 07:27 etc drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 15:22 home lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 3 15:22 lib -> usr/lib lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 3 15:22 lib64 -> usr/lib64 drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Dec 4 17:37 lost+found drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 15:22 media drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 15:22 mnt drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 15:22 opt dr-xr-xr-x 301 root root 0 Mar 29 07:27 proc dr-xr-x--- 2 root root 4096 Dec 4 17:37 root drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Dec 4 17:37 run lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Nov 3 15:22 sbin -> usr/sbin drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 3 15:22 srv dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 Mar 29 07:27 sys drwxrwxrwt 7 root root 4096 Dec 4 17:37 tmp drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Dec 4 17:37 usr drwxr-xr-x 20 root root 4096 Dec 4 17:37 var
docker run、exec和attach使用和区别
docker run；创建和启动一个新的容器实例，操作对象是镜像，选项较多，如果你要创建和启动一个容器，只能用run；
docker exec: 在已运行的容器中，执行命令，操作对象是容器，如果你要进入已运行的容器，并且执行命令，用exec；
docker attach: 同样操作的是已运行的容器，可以将本机标准输入（键盘输入）输到容器中，也可以将容器的输出显示在本机的屏幕上，如果你想查看容器运行过程中产生的标准输入输出，用attach；
查看的一个大佬的博客 这是他的原文链接：
docker网络
root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/fanwd/build/tomcat# ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo #本机回环地址 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:d9:10:91 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff altname enp2s1 inet 192.168.220.138/24 brd 192.168.220.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33 valid_lft 1630sec preferred_lft 1630sec ##### 内网地址 inet6 fe80::f6ad:1e7d:41d8:a2d5/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default link/ether 02:42:8f:1c:48:6f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0 #### docker0 地址 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::42:8fff:fe1c:486f/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever #测试 root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/fanwd/build/tomcat# docker run -d -P --name tomcat01 tomcat #查看容器内部的IP addr root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/fanwd/build/tomcat# docker exec -it tomcat01 ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 20: eth0@if21: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0 inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever #linux ping容器内部ip fanw@fanwd-virtual-machine:~$ ping 172.17.0.2 PING 172.17.0.2 (172.17.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 比特，来自 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 时间=0.101 毫秒 64 比特，来自 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 时间=0.038 毫秒 64 比特，来自 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 时间=0.051 毫秒 64 比特，来自 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 时间=0.037 毫秒 64 比特，来自 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 时间=0.048 毫秒 #veth-pair ,是一个成对的端口,所有从这对端口一 端进入的数据包都将从另一端出来,反之也是一样.
—link
root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/fanwd/build/tomcat# ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo #本机回环地址 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:d9:10:91 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff altname enp2s1 inet 192.168.220.138/24 brd 192.168.220.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33 valid_lft 1630sec preferred_lft 1630sec ##### 内网地址 inet6 fe80::f6ad:1e7d:41d8:a2d5/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default link/ether 02:42:8f:1c:48:6f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0 #### docker0 地址 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::42:8fff:fe1c:486f/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever #测试 root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/fanwd/build/tomcat# docker run -d -P --name tomcat01 tomcat #查看容器内部的IP addr root@fanwd-virtual-machine:/fanwd/build/tomcat# docker exec -it tomcat01 ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 20: eth0@if21: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0 inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever #linux ping容器内部ip fanw@fanwd-virtual-machine:~$ ping 172.17.0.2 PING 172.17.0.2 (172.17.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 比特，来自 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 时间=0.101 毫秒 64 比特，来自 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 时间=0.038 毫秒 64 比特，来自 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 时间=0.051 毫秒 64 比特，来自 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 时间=0.037 毫秒 64 比特，来自 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 时间=0.048 毫秒 #veth-pair ,是一个成对的端口,所有从这对端口一 端进入的数据包都将从另一端出来,反之也是一样.