学习过程，把代码过程较好的代码段做个记录，如下的代码段是关于Python illustrating Downhill simplex method for minimizing the user-supplied scalar function的代码，应该能对各位朋友有较大用途。
''' x = downhill(F,xStart,side,tol=1.0e-6)
Downhill simplex method for minimizing the user-supplied
scalar function F(x) with respect to the vector x.
xStart = starting vector x.
side = side length of the starting simplex (default is 0.1)
'''
from numpy import zeros,dot,argmax,argmin,sum
from math import sqrt
def downhill(F,xStart,side=0.1,tol=1.0e-6):
n = len(xStart) # Number of variables
x = zeros((n+1,n))
f = zeros(n+1)
# Generate starting simplex
x[0] = xStart
for i in range(1,n+1):
x[i] = xStart
x[i,i-1] = xStart[i-1] + side
# Compute values of F at the vertices of the simplex
for i in range(n+1): f[i] = F(x[i])
# Main loop
for k in range(500):
# Find highest and lowest vertices
iLo = argmin(f)
iHi = argmax(f)
# Compute the move vector d
# Check for convergence
if sqrt(dot(d,d)/n) < tol: return x[iLo]
# Try reflection
fNew = F(xNew)
if fNew <= f[iLo]: # Accept reflection
x[iHi] = xNew
f[iHi] = fNew
# Try expanding the reflection
xNew = x[iHi] + d
fNew = F(xNew)
if fNew <= f[iLo]: # Accept expansion
x[iHi] = xNew
f[iHi] = fNew
else:
# Try reflection again
if fNew <= f[iHi]: # Accept reflection
x[iHi] = xNew
f[iHi] = fNew
else:
# Try contraction
fNew = F(xNew)
if fNew <= f[iHi]: # Accept contraction
x[iHi] = xNew
f[iHi] = fNew
else:
# Use shrinkage
for i in range(len(x)):
if i != iLo:
f[i] = F(x[i])
print "Too many iterations in downhill"
print "Last values of x were"
return x[iLo]