简介:
fixture区别于unnitest的传统单元测试(setup/teardown)有显著改进:
1.有独立的命名,并通过声明它们从测试函数、模块、类或整个项目中的使用来激活。
2.按模块化的方式实现,每个fixture都可以互相调用。
3.fixture的范围从简单的单元测试到复杂的功能测试,可以对fixture配置参数,或者跨函数function,类class,模块module或整个测试session范围。
fixture可以当做参数传入
定义fixture跟定义普通函数差不多,唯一区别就是在函数上加个装饰器@pytest.fixture(),fixture命名不要以test开头,跟用例区分开。fixture是有返回值得,没有返回值默认为None。用例调用fixture的返回值,直接就是把fixture的函数名称当做变量名称。
# 作者 :admin import pytest @pytest.fixture() def test_01(): a = 5 return a def test_02(test_01): assert test_01 == 5 print("断言成功") ============================= test session starts ============================= platform win32 -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.0.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0 rootdir: E:daimaProject_test est_demo, inifile: plugins: allure-adaptor-1.7.10, html-1.22.0, metadata-1.8.0, rerunfailures-7.0 collected 1 item test_demo_pytest_fixture.py 断言成功 . ========================== 1 passed in 0.17 seconds ===========================
使用多个fixture
如果用例需要用到多个fixture的返回数据,fixture也可以返回一个元祖,list或字典,然后从里面取出对应数据。
# 作者 :admin import pytest @pytest.fixture() def test_01(): a = 5 b = 6 return (a, b) def test_02(test_01): a = test_01[0] b = test_01[1] assert a < b print("断言成功") Launching py.test with arguments E:/daima/Project_test/test_demo/test_demo_pytest_fixture.py in E:daimaProject_test est_demo ============================= test session starts ============================= platform win32 -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.0.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0 rootdir: E:daimaProject_test est_demo, inifile: plugins: allure-adaptor-1.7.10, html-1.22.0, metadata-1.8.0, rerunfailures-7.0collected 1 item test_demo_pytest_fixture.py .断言成功 [100%] ========================== 1 passed in 0.01 seconds =========================== Process finished with exit code 0
fixture的作用范围(scope)
ixture里面有个scope参数可以控制fixture的作用范围:session>module>class>function
-function:每一个函数或方法都会调用
-class:每一个类调用一次,一个类中可以有多个方法
-module:每一个.py文件调用一次,该文件内又有多个function和class
-session:是多个文件调用一次,可以跨.py文件调用,每个.py文件就是module
代码示例:
# 作者 :admin import pytest @pytest.fixture(scope="class") def test_01(): a = 5 b = 6 return (a, b) class TestNum: def test_02(self,test_01): a = test_01[0] b = test_01[1] assert a < b print("断言成功") Launching py.test with arguments E:/daima/Project_test/test_demo/test_demo_pytest_fixture.py in E:daimaProject_test est_demo ============================= test session starts ============================= platform win32 -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.0.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0 rootdir: E:daimaProject_test est_demo, inifile: plugins: allure-adaptor-1.7.10, html-1.22.0, metadata-1.8.0, rerunfailures-7.0collected 1 item test_demo_pytest_fixture.py .断言成功 [100%] ========================== 1 passed in 0.02 seconds =========================== Process finished with exit code 0
调用fixture的三种方法
1.函数或类里面方法直接传fixture的函数参数名称
注释:代码详见上图
2.使用装饰器@pytest.mark.usefixtures()修饰需要运行的用例
# 作者 :admin import pytest @pytest.fixture(scope="class") def test_01(): a = 5 b = 6 return (a, b) @pytest.mark.usefixtures("test_01") class TestNum: def test_02(self,test_01): a = test_01[0] b = test_01[1] assert a < b print("断言成功") Launching py.test with arguments E:/daima/Project_test/test_demo/test_demo_pytest_fixture.py in E:daimaProject_test est_demo ============================= test session starts ============================= platform win32 -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.0.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0 rootdir: E:daimaProject_test est_demo, inifile: plugins: allure-adaptor-1.7.10, html-1.22.0, metadata-1.8.0, rerunfailures-7.0collected 1 item test_demo_pytest_fixture.py .断言成功 [100%] ========================== 1 passed in 0.02 seconds =========================== Process finished with exit code 0
3.叠加usefixtures
如果一个方法或者一个class用例想要同时调用多个fixture,可以使用@pytest.mark.usefixture()进行叠加。注意叠加顺序,先执行的放底层,后执行的放上层。
# 作者 :admin import pytest @pytest.fixture(scope="class") def test_01(): a = 5 b = 6 return (a, b) @pytest.fixture(scope="class") def test_02(): print("你是第二个执行") @pytest.mark.usefixtures("test_02") @pytest.mark.usefixtures("test_01") class TestNum: def test_03(self,test_01): a = test_01[0] b = test_01[1] assert a < b print("断言成功") Launching py.test with arguments E:/daima/Project_test/test_demo/test_demo_pytest_fixture.py in E:daimaProject_test est_demo ============================= test session starts ============================= platform win32 -- Python 3.7.2, pytest-4.0.2, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0 rootdir: E:daimaProject_test est_demo, inifile: plugins: allure-adaptor-1.7.10, html-1.22.0, metadata-1.8.0, rerunfailures-7.0collected 1 item test_demo_pytest_fixture.py 你是第二个执行 .断言成功 [100%] ========================== 1 passed in 0.02 seconds =========================== Process finished with exit code 0