apache/tomcat安装过程略
一些变量
apache安装目录
APACHE_PREFIX=/Data/app/apache
apache配置文件
APACHE_CONF=/etc/httpd/httpd.conf
tomcat 安装目录
TOMCAT1_PREFIX=/Data/app/tomcat1
TOMCAT2_PREFIX=/Data/app/tomcat2
tomcat根目录
TOMCAT_ROOT=/Data/code
为tomcat添加项目，也就是配置tomcat根目录,修改$TOMCAT_PREFIX/conf/server.xml
在
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps"
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
<Context path="" docBase="/Data/code"></Context>
.....
.....
</Host>
jk安装（apache tomcat 连接器）
wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-connectors/jk/tomcat-connectors-1.2.39-src.tar.gz
tar zxvf tomcat-connectors-1.2.39-src.tar.gz && cd tomcat-connectors-1.2.39-src/native
./configure --with-apxs=/Data/app/apache/bin/apxs --with-java-home=/Data/app/jdk
make # mod_jk.so会生成在apache安装目录下的modules目录
安装tomcat native，否则在tomcat启动日志中会有关于libnative的报错
cd /Data/app/tomcat/bin # tomcat 安装目录下的bin目录
tar zxvf tomcat-native.tar.gz && cd tomcat-native-1.1.29-src/jni/native
./configure --with-apr=/Data/app/apr/bin/apr-1-config --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl/
make && make install
cp /usr/local/apr/lib/libtcnative* /usr/lib #拷贝到/usr/lib /usr/lib64等位置都可，参考tomcat启动日志
启动多个tomcat，本机启动多个tomcat，要注意修改tomcat端口，server.xml的8080,8005,8009端口都要避免冲突，不然无法启动多个tomcat
假设本机安装的两个tomcat分别为$TOMCAT1_PREFIX和$TOMCAT2_PREFIX,确认端口无冲突后启动
$TOMCAT1_PREFIX/bin/catalina.sh start
$TOMCAT2_PREFIX/bin/catalina.sh start
配置apache作为前端，将请求转发给后端tomcat集群
在/etc/httpd/extra目录下创建mod_jk.conf,文件内容为：
LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so #加载mod_jk模块
JkWorkersFile /etc/httpd/extra/workers.properties #这个文件里配置的是tomcat集群及负载均衡
JkMountFile /etc/httpd/extra/uriworkermap.properties # 这里配置的是转发规则，即哪些由apache自己处理，哪些交给tomcat
JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log
JkLogLevel info
在extra下创建workers.properties和uriworkermap.properties
####################################
##file name workers.properties####
worker.list=tomcatserver,status # tomcatserver为均衡器名称，自定义
# localhost server 1
# ------------------------
worker.s1.port=8009 #s1是为tomcat定义的名称，多个tomcat不得冲突
worker.s1.host=localhost
worker.s1.type=ajp13
worker.s1.lbfactor = 1 #在集群中的权重
# localhost server 2
# ------------------------
worker.s2.port=8010 #s2的意义同s1
worker.s2.host=localhost
worker.s2.type=ajp13
worker.s2.lbfactor = 1
#-----------------------------
worker.tomcatserver.type=lb #负载均衡类型，
worker.retries=3
worker.tomcatserver.balance_workers=s1,s2 #s1,s2就是上边定义的名称
worker.tomcatserver.sticky_session=false #启用session复制，该选项必须为false,如果为true，则表示同一用户的请求不会在多个tomcat之间移动，固定由一个tomcat处理
worker.tomcatserver.sticky_session_force=1 #默认tomcat 无反应，是否将请求转到其他tomcat
worker.status.type=status
##########################################
#####file name uriworkermap.properties####
/*=tomcatserver #所有请求都由controller这个server处理
/jkstatus=status #所有包含jkstatus请求的都由status这个server处理
!/*.gif=tomcatserver #所有以.gif结尾的请求都不由tomcatserver这个server处理，以下几个都是一样的意思
!/*.jpg=tomcatserver
!/*.png=tomcatserver
!/*.css=tomcatserver
!/*.js=tomcatserver
!/*.htm=tomcatserver
!/*.html=tomcatserver
修改$APACHE_CONF，
Include /etc/httpd/extra/mod_jk.conf
重启httpd
现在apache已经可以使用jk方式与tomcat通信，并且将请求平均分发给s1,s2两个tomcat.不安装jk的话,apache可以使用proxy方式与tomcat通信
多个tomcat session复制,保持客户端会话
修改$TOMCAT1_PREFIX/conf/server.xml和$TOMCAT2_PREFIX/conf/server.xml
TOMCAT1_PREFIX/conf/server.xml######
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="s1"> #jvmRoute必须设置，s1与workers.properties中设置的名称一致，另一个为jvmRoute="s2"
<!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:
/docs/cluster-howto.html (simple how to)
/docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->
<!--
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>
-->
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
channelSendOptions="8">
<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>
<Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
<Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
address="228.0.0.4"
port="45564"
frequency="500"
dropTime="3000"/>
<Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
address="auto" #auto的话，会绑定在127.0.0.1上
port="4000" #这个端口号两个tomcat必须不一致，不得冲突
autoBind="100"
selectorTimeout="5000"
maxThreads="6"/>
<Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
<Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
</Sender>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
</Channel>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
filter=""/>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>
<Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
watchEnabled="false"/>
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/>
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
</Cluster>
在$TOMCAT_ROOT下创建WEB-INF目录，WEB-INF目录下创建web.xml
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
version="3.0"
metadata-complete="true">
<display-name>Welcome to Tomcat</display-name>
<description>
Welcome to Tomcat
</description>
<distributable/> #必须添加这个标签
</web-app>
启动两个tomcat
route add -net 224.0.0.0 netmask 240.0.0.0 dev eth0