弹射起步～django

sudo apt-get installl tree

开始创建工作目录

django-admin.py startproject mysite

创建一个名为 mysite的子目录，然后我们通过tree 命令查看一下目录结构

xpower@xpower-CW65S:~$ tree mysite/
mysite/
├── manage.py
└── mysite
    ├── __init__.py
    ├── settings.py
    ├── urls.py
    └── wsgi.py

1 directory, 5 files

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mysite ： 外面的mysite是项目文件的目录名称罢了，Django不在意他的名字，可以将其改为你喜欢的名字。

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manage.py ：命令行工具集，供我们操作本Django项目，

python3 manage.py help #查看起提供的功能。

注意，千万不要修改该文件。下面我们看一下该文件的内容。

#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import sys

if __name__ == "__main__":
    os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "mysite.settings")
    try:
        from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
    except ImportError:
        # The above import may fail for some other reason. Ensure that the
        # issue is really that Django is missing to avoid masking other
        # exceptions on Python 2.
        try:
            import django
        except ImportError:
            raise ImportError(
                "Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and "
                "available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you "
                "forget to activate a virtual environment?"
            )
        raise
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)

可以看出其是本项目入口文件。

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mysite/mysite/ : 这个mysite是我们项目的一个包。

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__init__.py ： 让python吧mysite目录作文一个包的必须文件。一般情况下文件为空。

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setting.py ： 该项目的配置文件，通过该文件，我们可以了解到可以了解到可以进行那些配置和已有的默认值。

"""
Django settings for mysite project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.10.4.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/
"""

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '&ey(33(c&&oq)+s%o%*i-xxt=+me2w&c-ka50%s)urmxxahb!h'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'mysite.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'mysite.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

项目中需要的配置信息都在里面，包括运行结构，和网站部署等等。

urls.py ： Django的URL设置，网站目录。

wsgi.py : 是兼容WSGI的Web服务器伺服你的项目的入口文件。更多细节请查阅“如何通过WSGI部署”(https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.4/howto/deployment/wsgi/)。

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下面我们看一下 manage.py可以提供的服务。

xpower@xpower-CW65S:~/mysite$ python3 manage.py help

Type 'manage.py help <subcommand>' for help on a specific subcommand.

Available subcommands:

[auth]
    changepassword
    createsuperuser

[django]
    check
    compilemessages
    createcachetable
    dbshell
    diffsettings
    dumpdata
    flush
    inspectdb
    loaddata
    makemessages
    makemigrations
    migrate
    sendtestemail
    shell
    showmigrations
    sqlflush
    sqlmigrate
    sqlsequencereset
    squashmigrations
    startapp
    startproject
    test
    testserver

[sessions]
    clearsessions

[staticfiles]
    collectstatic
    findstatic
    runserver

通过以上信息，我们开始运行我们的开发服务器。

python3 manage.py runserver

得到如下信息表示成功启动

xpower@xpower-CW65S:~/mysite$ python3 manage.py runserver
Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).

You have 13 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions.
Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.

February 13, 2017 - 19:08:59
Django version 1.10.4, using settings 'mysite.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

打开链接可以看到 It‘s worked ！界面。

Django自带的这个开发服务器虽然方便，但是它只能在同一时间可靠地处理一个链接，而且没有任何安全检查，在发布我们的站点之前，我们还需要了解如何部署Django。

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默认情况下runserver的时候我们启动的是8000端口，上述反馈信息中得出。如果端口占用或者我们需要指定端口的时候使用

python manage.py runserver 8080