images 是containers的基础。每次使用docker run 命令都要指定image。
列出本地images
zane@zane-V:~$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE zane0306/docker-whale latest d09756981eeb 30 hours ago 275.1 MB ubuntu latest 104bec311bcd 11 days ago 129 MB hello-world latest c54a2cc56cbb 5 months ago 1.848 kB docker/whalesay latest 6b362a9f73eb 19 months ago 247 MB training/webapp latest 6fae60ef3446 19 months ago 348.8 MB
寻找获取新image
寻找一下centos images。
zane@zane-V:~$ docker search centos NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED centos The official build of CentOS. 2949 [OK] jdeathe/centos-ssh CentOS-6 6.8 x86_64 / CentOS-7 7.3.1611 x8... 51 [OK] nimmis/java-centos This is docker images of CentOS 7 with dif... 20 [OK] torusware/speedus-centos Always updated official CentOS docker imag... 8 [OK] egyptianbman/docker-centos-nginx-php A simple and highly configurable docker co... 6 [OK] nathonfowlie/centos-jre Latest CentOS image with the JRE pre-insta... 5 [OK] centos/mariadb55-centos7 3 [OK]
docker pull 下载image
zane@zane-V:~$ docker pull centos Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/centos 45a2e645736c: Pull complete Digest: sha256:c577af3197aacedf79c5a204cd7f493c8e07ffbce7f88f7600bf19c688c38799 Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
启动一个容器
zane@zane-V:~$ docker run -t -i centos /bin/bash [root@a57fbae352e1 /]# ls anaconda-post.log dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
training/sinatra下载
zane@zane-V:~$ docker pull training/sinatra Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from training/sinatra a3ed95caeb02: Pull complete 6e71c809542e: Pull complete d196a7609355: Pull complete 08f6dff5acea: Pull complete ce65532003d0: Pull complete 54bcaa4d1a10: Pull complete 8572ad96f6e1: Pull complete Digest: sha256:03fc0cd265cbc28723e4efd446f9f2f37b4790cf9cc12f1b9203c79fb86b6772 Status: Downloaded newer image for training/sinatra:latest
创建自己的images
虽然training/sinatra ，image已经非常好了，但是可能我们要增加一些功能。
更新和创建images的两种方法
- 更新容器，并提交更改结果到image
- 使用Dockerfile 指定说明来创建一个image
更新和提交image
创建容器用来更新
zane@zane-V:~$ docker run -t -i training/sinatra /bin/bash
root@b9d598059fa9:/#
查看正在运行的容器
zane@zane-V:~$ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES b9d598059fa9 training/sinatra "/bin/bash" 45 seconds ago Up 44 seconds desperate_bose
在运行的容器中让我们先升级 Ruby
root@b9d598059fa9:/# apt-get install -y ruby2.0-dev ruby2.0 Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: ....... .......
再来安装json
root@b9d598059fa9:/# gem2.0 install json Fetching: json-2.0.2.gem (100%) Building native extensions. This could take a while... Successfully installed json-2.0.2 Parsing documentation for json-2.0.2 unable to convert "xD0" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for lib/json/ext/generator.so, skipping unable to convert "xD0" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for lib/json/ext/parser.so, skipping Installing ri documentation for json-2.0.2 1 gem installed
完成更新之后，退出容器使用exit 命令。
root@b9d598059fa9:/# exit
exit
zane@zane-V:~$
提交
docker commit命令提交
-m : 说明更改
-a : 更改作者
b9d598059fa9：更改的容器ID
sinatra:v2 ：提交到sinatra image ,v2是tag;
zane@zane-V:~$ docker commit -m "Added json gem" -a "zane" b9d598059fa9 sinatra:v2 sha256:7902e96eb0144d64577348c02ff8accf939e5469c01df9a0911044122205b8c7 zane@zane-V:~$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE sinatra v2 7902e96eb014 About a minute ago 471.2 MB zane0306/docker-whale latest d09756981eeb 30 hours ago 275.1 MB centos latest 67591570dd29 11 days ago 191.8 MB ubuntu latest 104bec311bcd 11 days ago 129 MB hello-world latest c54a2cc56cbb 5 months ago 1.848 kB docker/whalesay latest 6b362a9f73eb 19 months ago 247 MB training/webapp latest 6fae60ef3446 19 months ago 348.8 MB training/sinatra latest 49d952a36c58 2 years ago 447 MB
可以看到commit 之后，在本地出现了我们本地image
使用Dockerfile创建image
docker build 命令 读取Dockerfile 来创建image
创建目录以及Dockerfile
zane@zane-V:~$ mkdir sinatra zane@zane-V:~$ cd sinatra/ zane@zane-V:~/sinatra$ touch Dockerfile
Dockerfile内容
# This is a comment FROM ubuntu:14.04 MAINTAINER zane zane.zhang@zoom.us RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y ruby ruby-dev RUN gem install sinatra
- #: 注释
- FROM
- 以哪个image为基础
- maintainer
- 作者
- RUN
- 在基础image上做一些实质性操作
docker build 创建image
zane@zane-V:~/sinatra$ docker build -t zane/sinatra:v1 . Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kB Step 1 : FROM ubuntu:14.04 14.04: Pulling from library/ubuntu 16da43b30d89: Pulling fs layer 1840843dafed: Pulling fs layer 91246eb75b7d: Pulling fs layer 7faa681b41d7: Waiting 97b84c64d426: Waiting
-t 参数给image名称 zane/sinatra,以及标签 v1
不要忘记 . 命令，它告诉docker build 在本目录寻找调用Dockerfile。
zane@zane-V:~$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE zane/sinatra v1 c0e79450b1a1 About a minute ago 322.4 MB sinatra v2 7902e96eb014 21 minutes ago 471.2 MB zane0306/docker-whale latest d09756981eeb 31 hours ago 275.1 MB centos latest 67591570dd29 11 days ago 191.8 MB ubuntu latest 104bec311bcd 11 days ago 129 MB ubuntu 14.04 3f755ca42730 11 days ago 188 MB hello-world latest c54a2cc56cbb 5 months ago 1.848 kB docker/whalesay latest 6b362a9f73eb 19 months ago 247 MB training/webapp latest 6fae60ef3446 19 months ago 348.8 MB training/sinatra latest 49d952a36c58 2 years ago 447 MB
设置image的标签
zane@zane-V:~$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE sinatra v2 7902e96eb014 18 minutes ago 471.2 MB zane0306/docker-whale latest d09756981eeb 31 hours ago 275.1 MB centos latest 67591570dd29 11 days ago 191.8 MB ubuntu latest 104bec311bcd 11 days ago 129 MB ubuntu 14.04 3f755ca42730 11 days ago 188 MB hello-world latest c54a2cc56cbb 5 months ago 1.848 kB docker/whalesay latest 6b362a9f73eb 19 months ago 247 MB training/webapp latest 6fae60ef3446 19 months ago 348.8 MB training/sinatra latest 49d952a36c58 2 years ago 447 MB
给sinatra增加一个tag vv
zane@zane-V:~$ docker tag 7902e96eb014 sinatra:vv zane@zane-V:~$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE B sinatra v2 7902e96eb014 19 minutes ago 471.2 MB sinatra vv 7902e96eb014 19 minutes ago 471.2 MB zane0306/docker-whale latest d09756981eeb 31 hours ago 275.1 MB centos latest 67591570dd29 11 days ago 191.8 MB ubuntu latest 104bec311bcd 11 days ago 129 MB ubuntu 14.04 3f755ca42730 11 days ago 188 MB hello-world latest c54a2cc56cbb 5 months ago 1.848 kB docker/whalesay latest 6b362a9f73eb 19 months ago 247 MB training/webapp latest 6fae60ef3446 19 months ago 348.8 MB training/sinatra latest 49d952a36c58 2 years ago 447 MB
当然也可以给指定不同的repository名称，以及tag名；
zane@zane-V:~$ docker tag 7902e96eb014 zane-sinatra:vv zane@zane-V:~$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE sinatra v2 7902e96eb014 21 minutes ago 471.2 MB sinatra vv 7902e96eb014 21 minutes ago 471.2 MB zane-sinatra vv 7902e96eb014 21 minutes ago 471.2 MB zane0306/docker-whale latest d09756981eeb 31 hours ago 275.1 MB centos latest 67591570dd29 11 days ago 191.8 MB ubuntu latest 104bec311bcd 11 days ago 129 MB ubuntu 14.04 3f755ca42730 11 days ago 188 MB hello-world latest c54a2cc56cbb 5 months ago 1.848 kB docker/whalesay latest 6b362a9f73eb 19 months ago 247 MB training/webapp latest 6fae60ef3446 19 months ago 348.8 MB training/sinatra latest 49d952a36c58 2 years ago 447 MB
image摘要
$ docker images --digests | head REPOSITORY TAG DIGEST IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE ouruser/sinatra latest sha256:cbbf2f9a99b47fc460d422812b6a5adff7dfee951d8fa2e4a98caa0382cfbdbf 5db5f8471261 11 hours ago 446.7 MB
可以用来指定要拉下来的是哪个版本
push image 到 Docker Hub
zane@zane-V:~$ docker push zane/sinatra The push refers to a repository [docker.io/zane/sinatra] e9170f93385d: Preparing d375b10aba64: Preparing 4fcb79d431cc: Preparing 4375cecd293e: Preparing 738d3f35b582: Preparing 53edc9780c07: Waiting bc224b1b676d: Waiting unauthorized: authentication required
删除本地image
zane@zane-V:~$ docker rmi hello-world Untagged: hello-world:latest Untagged: hello-world@sha256:0256e8a36e2070f7bf2d0b0763dbabdd67798512411de4cdcf9431a1feb60fd9 Deleted: sha256:c54a2cc56cbb2f04003c1cd4507e118af7c0d340fe7e2720f70976c4b75237dc Deleted: sha256:a02596fdd012f22b03af6ad7d11fa590c57507558357b079c3e8cebceb4262d7
总结
- 寻找获取新image
- docker search centos
- 从docker hub 上pull下来
- docker pull centos
- 启动一个容器
- docker run -t -i centos /bin/bash
- 创建image两种方式
-
- 更新容器，并提交更改结果到image
- a.运行容器
- b.安装新软件如：ruby,python,json
- c.提交
- docker commit -m "Added json gem" -a "zane" b9d598059fa9 sinatra:v2
- -m :说明，-a：作者，
- 将容器b9d598059fa9的更改提交到sinatra 镜像的V2标签
- 使用Dockerfile，创建新image
- 编写dockerfile
- 运行build 命令
- 更新容器，并提交更改结果到image
-
- 给image增加标签
- docker tag 7902e96eb014 sinatra:vv