Python处理Excel表格

对于操作Excel，需要Xlrd/xlwt这两个模块，下面推荐出系统性学习的网址：

python操作Excel读写--使用xlrd

官方文档

Python 使用 Xlrd/xlwt 操作 Excel

用Python读写Excel文件

1 Windows下先下载 xlwt 和xlrd

2. 解压xlrd-0.9.2.tar.gz至指定文件夹

3. 在CMD控制台下切换至上述指定文件夹路径，输入命令 python setup.py install 完成安装

Linux下安装同安装python 或者用pip安装pip install xlwt

二、实战

帮朋友处理一个excel,幸好数据量不大，几万条数据。需求如下：

指定选取三列然后挑选出同时满足>=1或者同时<=-1的 将其所有数据存入新的csv表格中

程序如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# @Date    : 2014-04-10 21:47:56

# @Function: 指定选取三列然后挑选出同时满足>=1或者同时<=-1的 将其所有数据存入新的csv表格中

# @Author  : BeginMan

import os

import string

import xlrd

import xlwt

def get_data():

        """获取excel数据源"""

        file = r'C:UsersAdministratorDesktoppytoolxlrdinitial_log_data.xls'                   # 改成自己的路径

        filepath = raw_input(u'请将xls文件路径粘贴进去，如果程序里已经指定了文件则按Enter键继续：')

        is_valid = False                      # 验证文件

        try:

               filepath = [file, filepath][filepath != '']

               print filepath

               # 判断给出的路径是不是xls格式

               if os.path.isfile(filepath):

                       filename = os.path.basename(filepath)

                       if filename.split('.')[1] == 'xls':

                               is_valid = True

               data = None

               if is_valid:

                       data = xlrd.open_workbook(filepath)

        except Exception, e:

               print u'你操作错误：%s' %e

               return None

        return data

def handle_data():

        """处理数据"""

        data = get_data()

        if data:

               col_format = ['B', 'C', 'D']          # 指定的列

               inp = raw_input(u'请选择指定的三列，用逗号分隔，默认的是B,C,D(英文逗号,不区分大小写)，如果选择默认则按Enter键继续: ')

               try:

                       inp = inp.split(',')

                       col_format = [col_format,inp][len([i for i in inp if i in string.letters]) == 3]

                       col_format = [i.upper() for i in col_format]                                 # 转换成大写

                       table = data.sheet_by_index(0)                                                        # 选取第一个工作区

                       nrows = table.nrows                                                                                   # 行数

                       ncols = table.ncols                                                                                   # 列数

                       str_upcase = [i for i in string.uppercase]                                     # 所有大写字母

                       i_upcase = range(len(str_upcase))                                                     # 对应的数字

                       ncols_dir = dict(zip(str_upcase,i_upcase))                                     # 格式成字典

                       col_index = [ncols_dir.get(i) for i in col_format]                           # 获取指定列所对应的索引

                       # 选取的三列是否同时满足 >=1或者同时<=-1

                       print u'正在检索中……'

                       count = 0

                       result = []

                       for i in xrange(nrows):

                               cell_0 = table.cell(i,col_index[0]).value

                               cell_1 = table.cell(i,col_index[1]).value

                               cell_2 = table.cell(i,col_index[2]).value

                               if (cell_0>=1 and cell_1>=1 and cell_2>=1) or (cell_0<=-1 and cell_1<=-1 and cell_2<=-1):

                                       result.append(table.row_values(i))            # 将符合要求的一行添加进去

                                      count += 1

                       print u'该文件中共%s行，%s列,其中满足条件的共有%s条数据' %(nrows, ncols, count)

                       print u'正在写入数据……'

                       col_name = col_format[0]+col_format[1]+col_format[2]

                       if write_data(result, col_name):

                               print u'写入成功！'

               except Exception, e:

                       print u'你操作错误：%s' %e

                       return None

        else:

               print u'操作失败'

               return None

def write_data(data, name):

        """写入数据,data为符合条件的数据列表，name表示指定的哪三个列，以此命名"""

        file = xlwt.Workbook()

        table = file.add_sheet(name,cell_overwrite_ok=True)

        l = 0   # 表示行

        for line in data:

               c = 0   # 表示一行下的列数

               for col in line:

                       table.write(l,c,line[c])

                       c += 1

               l += 1        

        defatul_f = r'C:UsersAdministratorDesktoppytoolxlrd'            # 默认路径

        f = raw_input(u'请选择保存文件的路径：按回车跳过：')

        f_name = r'\%s.xls' % name

        filepath = [defatul_f+f_name, f+f_name][f != '']

        file.save(filepath)

        return True

def main():

        handle_data()

if __name__ == '__main__':

        main()

运行结果如下：

源数据

处理后的数据