计算机网络 动态路由配置
|
RIP：Routing Information Protocol，路由信息协议，是应用较早、使用较普遍的IGP内部网关协议，适用于小型同类网络，是典型的距离矢量协议。 RIP协议跳数作为衡量路径开销的，RIP协议里规定最大跳数为15。 RIP协议有两个版本RIPv1和RIPv2。 RIPv1属于有类路由协议，不支持VLSM（变长子网掩码），RIPv1是以广播的形式进行路由信息的更新的；更新周期为30秒。 RIPv2属于无类路由协议，支持VLSM（变长子网掩码），RIPv2是以组播的形式进行路由信息的更新的，组播地址是224.0.0.9。RIPv2还支持基于端口的认证，提高网络的安全性。 OSPF协议用链路状态来评估路由，可用于规模很大的网络。 OSPF可通过区域划分网络，对于规模较小的网络一般只设置一个区域0，对于规模较大的网络，可划分多个区域，其中区域0是必不可少的，它用于连接其它各区域。 OSPF协议采用组播方式进行OSPF包交换，组播地址为224.0.0.5（全部OSPF路由器）和224.0.06（指定路由器）。 OSPF协议的管理距离是110，低于RIP协议的120，所以如果设备同时运行OSPF协议和RIP协议，则OSPF协议产生的路由优先级高。
交换机 Switch>en Switch#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Switch(config)#hostname S3560 S3560(config)#vlan 10 S3560(config-vlan)#exit S3560(config)#vlan 20 S3560(config-vlan)#interface fa 0/10 S3560(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10 S3560(config-if)# %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan10, changed state to up exit S3560(config)#int fa 0/20 S3560(config-if)#switchport access valn20 ^ % Invalid input detected at '^' marker. S3560(config-if)#exit S3560(config)#interface vlan 10 S3560(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 S3560(config)#int vlan 10 S3560(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 S3560(config-if)#no shutdown S3560(config-if)#exit S3560(config)#int vlan 20 S3560(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan20, changed state to up ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 S3560(config-if)#no shutdown S3560(config-if)#end S3560# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan10
S3560#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. S3560(config)#router ospf 1 S3560(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 S3560(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 S3560(config-router)#end S3560# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan10
S3560#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. S3560(config)#router ospf 1 S3560(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 S3560(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 S3560(config-router)#end S3560# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan10
路由A Router>en Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#hostname R1 R1(config)#int fa 0/0 R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#exit R1(config)#int serial 2/0 R1(config-if)#no shutdown R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000 R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)#end R1# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
R1#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R1(config)#router ospf 1 R1(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R1(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R1(config-router)#end R1# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
路由B Router>en Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#hostname R2 R2(config)#int fa 0/0 R2(config-if)#no shut down
R2(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#no shutdown R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#exit R2(config)#int serial 2/0 R2(config-if)#no shutdown R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.0 R2(config-if)#end R2# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
R2#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R2(config)#router ospf 1 R2(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R2(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R2(config-router)#end R2# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console show ip route |
