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  • JAVA -- 内省 Introspector

    内省(Introspector) 是Java 语言对 JavaBean 类属性、事件的一种缺省处理方法。

      JavaBean是一种特殊的类,主要用于传递数据信息,这种类中的方法主要用于访问私有的字段,且方法名符合某种命名规则。如果在两个模块之间传递信息,可以将信息封装进JavaBean中,这种对象称为“值对象”(Value Object),或“VO”。方法比较少。这些信息储存在类的私有变量中,通过set()、get()获得。

      例如类UserInfo :

    package com.peidasoft.Introspector;
    
    public class UserInfo {
        
        private long userId;
        private String userName;
        private int age;
        private String emailAddress;
        
        public long getUserId() {
            return userId;
        }
        public void setUserId(long userId) {
            this.userId = userId;
        }
        public String getUserName() {
            return userName;
        }
        public void setUserName(String userName) {
            this.userName = userName;
        }
        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }
        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
        public String getEmailAddress() {
            return emailAddress;
        }
        public void setEmailAddress(String emailAddress) {
            this.emailAddress = emailAddress;
        }
        
    }

      在类UserInfo中有属性 userName, 那我们可以通过 getUserName,setUserName来得到其值或者设置新的值。通过 getUserName/setUserName来访问 userName属性,这就是默认的规则。 Java JDK中提供了一套 API 用来访问某个属性的 getter/setter 方法,这就是内省。

      JDK内省类库:

      PropertyDescriptor类:

      PropertyDescriptor类表示JavaBean类通过存储器导出一个属性。主要方法:
          1. getPropertyType(),获得属性的Class对象;
          2. getReadMethod(),获得用于读取属性值的方法;getWriteMethod(),获得用于写入属性值的方法;
          3. hashCode(),获取对象的哈希值;
          4. setReadMethod(Method readMethod),设置用于读取属性值的方法;
          5. setWriteMethod(Method writeMethod),设置用于写入属性值的方法。

    实例代码如下:

    package com.peidasoft.Introspector;
    
    import java.beans.BeanInfo;
    import java.beans.Introspector;
    import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
    import java.lang.reflect.Method;
    
    public class BeanInfoUtil {  
     
        public static void setProperty(UserInfo userInfo,String userName)throws Exception{
            PropertyDescriptor propDesc=new PropertyDescriptor(userName,UserInfo.class);
            Method methodSetUserName=propDesc.getWriteMethod();
            methodSetUserName.invoke(userInfo, "wong");
            System.out.println("set userName:"+userInfo.getUserName());
        }
      
        public static void getProperty(UserInfo userInfo,String userName)throws Exception{
            PropertyDescriptor proDescriptor =new PropertyDescriptor(userName,UserInfo.class);
            Method methodGetUserName=proDescriptor.getReadMethod();
            Object objUserName=methodGetUserName.invoke(userInfo);
            System.out.println("get userName:"+objUserName.toString());
        }
    }

      Introspector类:

      将JavaBean中的属性封装起来进行操作。在程序把一个类当做JavaBean来看,就是调用Introspector.getBeanInfo()方法,得到的BeanInfo对象封装了把这个类当做JavaBean看的结果信息,即属性的信息。

      getPropertyDescriptors(),获得属性的描述,可以采用遍历BeanInfo的方法,来查找、设置类的属性。具体代码如下:

    package com.peidasoft.Introspector;
    
    import java.beans.BeanInfo;
    import java.beans.Introspector;
    import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
    import java.lang.reflect.Method;
    
    
    public class BeanInfoUtil {
            
        public static void setPropertyByIntrospector(UserInfo userInfo,String userName)throws Exception{
            BeanInfo beanInfo=Introspector.getBeanInfo(UserInfo.class);
            PropertyDescriptor[] proDescrtptors=beanInfo.getPropertyDescriptors();
            if(proDescrtptors!=null&&proDescrtptors.length>0){
                for(PropertyDescriptor propDesc:proDescrtptors){
                    if(propDesc.getName().equals(userName)){
                        Method methodSetUserName=propDesc.getWriteMethod();
                        methodSetUserName.invoke(userInfo, "alan");
                        System.out.println("set userName:"+userInfo.getUserName());
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        
        public static void getPropertyByIntrospector(UserInfo userInfo,String userName)throws Exception{
            BeanInfo beanInfo=Introspector.getBeanInfo(UserInfo.class);
            PropertyDescriptor[] proDescrtptors=beanInfo.getPropertyDescriptors();
            if(proDescrtptors!=null&&proDescrtptors.length>0){
                for(PropertyDescriptor propDesc:proDescrtptors){
                    if(propDesc.getName().equals(userName)){
                        Method methodGetUserName=propDesc.getReadMethod();
                        Object objUserName=methodGetUserName.invoke(userInfo);
                        System.out.println("get userName:"+objUserName.toString());
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        
    }

      通过这两个类的比较可以看出,都是需要获得PropertyDescriptor,只是方式不一样:前者通过创建对象直接获得,后者需要遍历,所以使用PropertyDescriptor类更加方便。

      使用实例:

    package com.peidasoft.Introspector;
    
    public class BeanInfoTest {
    
        /**
         * @param args
         */
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            UserInfo userInfo=new UserInfo();
            userInfo.setUserName("peida");
            try {
                BeanInfoUtil.getProperty(userInfo, "userName");
                
                BeanInfoUtil.setProperty(userInfo, "userName");
                
                BeanInfoUtil.getProperty(userInfo, "userName");
                
                BeanInfoUtil.setPropertyByIntrospector(userInfo, "userName");            
                
                BeanInfoUtil.getPropertyByIntrospector(userInfo, "userName");
                
                BeanInfoUtil.setProperty(userInfo, "age");
                
            } catch (Exception e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
        }
    
    }

      输出:

    get userName:peida
    set userName:wong
    get userName:wong
    set userName:alan
    get userName:alan
    java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: argument type mismatch
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
        at com.peidasoft.Introspector.BeanInfoUtil.setProperty(BeanInfoUtil.java:14)
        at com.peidasoft.Introspector.BeanInfoTest.main(BeanInfoTest.java:22)

      说明:BeanInfoUtil.setProperty(userInfo, "age");报错是应为age属性是int数据类型,而setProperty方法里面默认给age属性赋的值是String类型。所以会爆出argument type mismatch参数类型不匹配的错误信息。

      BeanUtils工具包:

      由上述可看出,内省操作非常的繁琐,所以所以Apache开发了一套简单、易用的API来操作Bean的属性——BeanUtils工具包。
      BeanUtils工具包:下载:http://commons.apache.org/beanutils/ 注意:应用的时候还需要一个logging包 http://commons.apache.org/logging/
      使用BeanUtils工具包完成上面的测试代码:

    package com.peidasoft.Beanutil;
    
    import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
    
    import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
    import org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils;
    
    import com.peidasoft.Introspector.UserInfo;
    
    public class BeanUtilTest {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            UserInfo userInfo=new UserInfo();
             try {
                BeanUtils.setProperty(userInfo, "userName", "peida");
                
                System.out.println("set userName:"+userInfo.getUserName());
                
                System.out.println("get userName:"+BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo, "userName"));
                
                BeanUtils.setProperty(userInfo, "age", 18);
                System.out.println("set age:"+userInfo.getAge());
                
                System.out.println("get age:"+BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo, "age"));
                 
                System.out.println("get userName type:"+BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo, "userName").getClass().getName());
                System.out.println("get age type:"+BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo, "age").getClass().getName());
                
                PropertyUtils.setProperty(userInfo, "age", 8);
                System.out.println(PropertyUtils.getProperty(userInfo, "age"));
                
                System.out.println(PropertyUtils.getProperty(userInfo, "age").getClass().getName());
                      
                PropertyUtils.setProperty(userInfo, "age", "8");   
            } 
             catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } 
             catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

      运行结果:

    set userName:peida
    get userName:peida
    set age:18
    get age:18
    get userName type:java.lang.String
    get age type:java.lang.String
    java.lang.Integer
    Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Cannot invoke com.peidasoft.Introspector.UserInfo.setAge 
    on bean class 'class com.peidasoft.Introspector.UserInfo' - argument type mismatch - had objects of type "java.lang.String" 
    but expected signature "int"
        at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.invokeMethod(PropertyUtilsBean.java:2235)
        at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.setSimpleProperty(PropertyUtilsBean.java:2151)
        at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.setNestedProperty(PropertyUtilsBean.java:1957)
        at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.setProperty(PropertyUtilsBean.java:2064)
        at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils.setProperty(PropertyUtils.java:858)
        at com.peidasoft.orm.Beanutil.BeanUtilTest.main(BeanUtilTest.java:38)
    Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: argument type mismatch
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
        at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.invokeMethod(PropertyUtilsBean.java:2170)
        ... 5 more

      说明:

      1.获得属性的值,例如,BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo,"userName"),返回字符串
      2.设置属性的值,例如,BeanUtils.setProperty(userInfo,"age",8),参数是字符串或基本类型自动包装。设置属性的值是字符串,获得的值也是字符串,不是基本类型。   

      3.BeanUtils的特点:
        1). 对基本数据类型的属性的操作:在WEB开发、使用中,录入和显示时,值会被转换成字符串,但底层运算用的是基本类型,这些类型转到动作由BeanUtils自动完成。
        2). 对引用数据类型的属性的操作:首先在类中必须有对象,不能是null,例如,private Date birthday=new Date();。操作的是对象的属性而不是整个对象,例如,BeanUtils.setProperty(userInfo,"birthday.time",111111);   

    package com.peidasoft.Introspector;
    import java.util.Date;
    
    public class UserInfo {
    
        private Date birthday = new Date();
        
        public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
            this.birthday = birthday;
        }
        public Date getBirthday() {
            return birthday;
        }      
    }
    package com.peidasoft.Beanutil;
    
    import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
    import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
    import com.peidasoft.Introspector.UserInfo;
    
    public class BeanUtilTest {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            UserInfo userInfo=new UserInfo();
             try {
                BeanUtils.setProperty(userInfo, "birthday.time","111111");  
                Object obj = BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo, "birthday.time");  
                System.out.println(obj);          
            } 
             catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } 
             catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

      3.PropertyUtils类和BeanUtils不同在于,运行getProperty、setProperty操作时,没有类型转换,使用属性的原有类型或者包装类。由于age属性的数据类型是int,所以方法PropertyUtils.setProperty(userInfo, "age", "8")会爆出数据类型不匹配,无法将值赋给属性。

    啦啦啦

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ClassNotFoundException/p/7278620.html
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