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  • [CodeVS2370] 小机房的树 (LCA, 树链剖分, LCT)

    Description

      小机房有棵焕狗种的树,树上有N个节点,节点标号为0到N-1,有两只虫子名叫飘狗和大吉狗,分居在两个不同的节点上。有一天,他们想爬到一个节点上去搞基,但是作为两只虫子,他们不想花费太多精力。
      已知从某个节点爬到其父亲节点要花费 c 的能量(从父亲节点爬到此节点也相同),他们想找出一条花费精力最短的路,以使得搞基的时候精力旺盛,他们找到你要你设计一个程序来找到这条路,要求你告诉他们最少需要花费多少精力

    Input

      第一行一个n,接下来n-1行每一行有三个整数u,v, c 。表示节点 u 爬到节点 v 需要花费 c 的精力。
      第n+1行有一个整数m表示有m次询问。接下来m行每一行有两个整数 u ,v 表示两只虫子所在的节点

    Output

      一共有m行,每一行一个整数,表示对于该次询问所得出的最短距离。

    Sample Input

    3
    1 0 1
    2 0 1
    3
    1 0
    2 0
    1 2

    Sample Output

    1
    1
    2

    HINT

      1<=n<=50000, 1<=m<=75000, 0<=c<=1000

    Source

    Solution

      倍增求LCA, $O((n + m)logn)$

     1 #include <bits/stdc++.h>
     2 using namespace std;
     3 struct edge
     4 {
     5     int v, w, nxt;
     6 }e[100005];
     7 int fst[50005], q[50005], front, back;
     8 int fa[17][50005], dis[50005], dep[50005];
     9 
    10 void addedge(int i, int u, int v, int w)
    11 {
    12     e[i] = (edge){v, w, fst[u]}, fst[u] = i;
    13 }
    14 
    15 int LCA(int u, int v)
    16 {
    17     if(dep[u] > dep[v]) swap(u, v);
    18     for(int i = 16; ~i; i--)
    19         if(dep[fa[i][v]] >= dep[u])
    20             v = fa[i][v];
    21     if(u == v) return u;
    22     for(int i = 16; ~i; i--)
    23         if(fa[i][u] != fa[i][v])
    24             u = fa[i][u], v = fa[i][v];
    25     return fa[0][u];
    26 }
    27 
    28 int main()
    29 {
    30     int n, m, u, v, w;
    31     cin >> n;
    32     for(int i = 1; i < n; i++)
    33     {
    34         cin >> u >> v >> w;
    35         addedge(i << 1, ++u, ++v, w);
    36         addedge(i << 1 | 1, v, u, w);
    37     }
    38     q[++back] = 1, dep[1] = fa[0][1] = 1;
    39     while(front != back)
    40     {
    41         u = q[++front];
    42         for(int i = fst[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt)
    43             if(e[i].v != fa[0][u])
    44             {
    45                 q[++back] = e[i].v;
    46                 dep[e[i].v] = dep[u] + 1;
    47                 fa[0][e[i].v] = u;
    48                 dis[e[i].v] = dis[u] + e[i].w;
    49             }
    50     }
    51     for(int i = 1; i <= 16; i++)
    52         for(int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
    53             fa[i][j] = fa[i - 1][fa[i - 1][j]];
    54     cin >> m;
    55     while(m--)
    56     {
    57         cin >> u >> v, u++, v++;
    58         cout << dis[u] + dis[v] - 2 * dis[LCA(u, v)] << endl;
    59     }
    60     return 0;
    61 }
    View Code

      Tarjan求LCA, $O(n + m)$(写法较鬼畜)

     1 #include <bits/stdc++.h>
     2 using namespace std;
     3 struct edge
     4 {
     5     int v, w, nxt;
     6 }e[100005];
     7 struct query
     8 {
     9     int u, v, nxt;
    10 }q[150005];
    11 int efst[50005], qfst[75005], fa[50005], lca[75005], dis[50005];
    12 bool vis[50005];
    13 
    14 void addedge(int i, int u, int v, int w)
    15 {
    16     e[i] = (edge){v, w, efst[u]}, efst[u] = i;
    17 }
    18 
    19 void addquery(int i, int u, int v)
    20 {
    21     q[i] = (query){u, v, qfst[u]}, qfst[u] = i;
    22 }
    23 
    24 int get_dis(int i)
    25 {
    26     return dis[q[i << 1].u] + dis[q[i << 1].v] - 2 * dis[lca[i]];
    27 }
    28 
    29 int getfa(int x)
    30 {
    31     return fa[x] = x == fa[x] ? x : getfa(fa[x]);
    32 }
    33 
    34 void Tarjan(int u)
    35 {
    36     fa[u] = u, vis[u] = true;
    37     for(int i = efst[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt)
    38         if(!vis[e[i].v])
    39         {
    40             dis[e[i].v] = dis[u] + e[i].w;
    41             Tarjan(e[i].v);
    42             fa[e[i].v] = u;
    43         }
    44     for(int i = qfst[u]; i; i = q[i].nxt)
    45     {
    46         int v = q[i].u == u ? q[i].v : q[i].u;
    47         if(vis[v]) lca[i >> 1] = getfa(fa[v]);
    48     }
    49 }
    50 
    51 int main()
    52 {
    53     int n, m, u, v, w;
    54     cin >> n;
    55     for(int i = 1; i < n; i++)
    56     {
    57         cin >> u >> v >> w;
    58         addedge(i << 1, ++u, ++v, w);
    59         addedge(i << 1 | 1, v, u, w);
    60     }
    61     cin >> m;
    62     for(int i = 1; i <= m; i++)
    63     {
    64         cin >> u >> v;
    65         addquery(i << 1, ++u, ++v);
    66         addquery(i << 1 | 1, v, u);
    67     }
    68     Tarjan(1);
    69     for(int i = 1; i <= m; i++)
    70         cout << get_dis(i) << endl;
    71     return 0;
    72 }
    View Code

      树链剖分求LCA, $O(mlogn)$,我习惯把树剖维护的7个信息写到结构体里。

     1 #include <bits/stdc++.h>
     2 using namespace std;
     3 struct edge
     4 {
     5     int v, w, nxt;
     6 }e[100005];
     7 struct point
     8 {
     9     int fa, siz, son, dep, dis, dfn, top;
    10 }p[50005];
    11 int ptot, fst[50005];
    12 
    13 void addedge(int i, int u, int v, int w)
    14 {
    15     e[i] = (edge){v, w, fst[u]}, fst[u] = i;
    16 }
    17 
    18 void DFS1(int u)
    19 {
    20     p[u].siz = 1;
    21     for(int i = fst[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt)
    22         if(e[i].v != p[u].fa)
    23         {
    24             p[e[i].v].fa = u;
    25             p[e[i].v].dep = p[u].dep + 1;
    26             p[e[i].v].dis = p[u].dis + e[i].w;
    27             DFS1(e[i].v);
    28             p[u].siz += p[e[i].v].siz;
    29             if(p[e[i].v].siz > p[p[u].son].siz)
    30                 p[u].son = e[i].v;
    31         }
    32 }
    33 
    34 void DFS2(int u, int top)
    35 {
    36     p[u].dfn = ++ptot, p[u].top = top;
    37     if(p[u].son) DFS2(p[u].son, top);
    38     for(int i = fst[u]; i; i = e[i].nxt)
    39         if(e[i].v != p[u].fa && e[i].v != p[u].son)
    40             DFS2(e[i].v, e[i].v);
    41 }
    42 
    43 int LCA(int u, int v)
    44 {
    45     while(p[u].top != p[v].top)
    46     {
    47         if(p[p[u].top].dep > p[p[v].top].dep) swap(u, v);
    48         v = p[p[v].top].fa;
    49     }
    50     if(p[u].dep > p[v].dep) swap(u, v);
    51     return u;
    52 }
    53 
    54 
    55 int main()
    56 {
    57     int n, m, u, v, w;
    58     cin >> n;
    59     for(int i = 1; i < n; i++)
    60     {
    61         cin >> u >> v >> w;
    62         addedge(i << 1, ++u, ++v, w);
    63         addedge(i << 1 | 1, v, u, w);
    64     }
    65     p[1].dep = 1, DFS1(1), DFS2(1, 1);
    66     cin >> m;
    67     while(m--)
    68     {
    69         cin >> u >> v, u++, v++;
    70         cout << p[u].dis + p[v].dis - 2 * p[LCA(u, v)].dis << endl;
    71     }
    72     return 0;
    73 }
    View Code

       LCT, $O(mlog^{2}n)$

      1 #include <bits/stdc++.h>
      2 using namespace std;
      3 struct LCT
      4 {
      5     int fa, c[2], rev, key, sum;
      6     int& operator [] (int i)
      7     {
      8         return c[i];
      9     }
     10 }a[100005];
     11 int sta[100005], top;
     12 
     13 void push_up(int k)
     14 {
     15     a[k].sum = a[a[k][0]].sum + a[a[k][1]].sum + a[k].key;
     16 }
     17 
     18 void push_down(int k)
     19 {
     20     if(a[k].rev)
     21     {
     22         a[a[k][0]].rev ^= 1, a[a[k][1]].rev ^= 1;
     23         swap(a[k][0], a[k][1]), a[k].rev = 0;
     24     }
     25 }
     26 
     27 bool isroot(int x)
     28 {
     29     return a[a[x].fa][0] != x && a[a[x].fa][1] != x;
     30 }
     31 
     32 void rotate(int x)
     33 {
     34     int y = a[x].fa, z = a[y].fa;
     35     int dy = a[y][1] == x, dz = a[z][1] == y;
     36     if(!isroot(y)) a[z][dz] = x;
     37     a[y][dy] = a[x][dy ^ 1], a[a[x][dy ^ 1]].fa = y;
     38     a[x][dy ^ 1] = y, a[y].fa = x, a[x].fa = z;
     39     push_up(y);
     40 }
     41 
     42 void splay(int x)
     43 {
     44     sta[top = 1] = x;
     45     for(int i = x; !isroot(i); i = a[i].fa)
     46         sta[++top] = a[i].fa;
     47     while(top)
     48         push_down(sta[top--]);
     49     while(!isroot(x))
     50     {
     51         int y = a[x].fa, z = a[y].fa;
     52         if(!isroot(y))
     53             if(a[y][1] == x ^ a[z][1] == y) rotate(x);
     54             else rotate(y);
     55         rotate(x);
     56     }
     57     push_up(x);
     58 }
     59 
     60 void access(int x)
     61 {
     62     for(int i = 0; x; x = a[x].fa)
     63         splay(x), a[x][1] = i, i = x;
     64 }
     65 
     66 void make_root(int x)
     67 {
     68     access(x), splay(x), a[x].rev ^= 1;
     69 }
     70 
     71 void link(int x, int y)
     72 {
     73     make_root(x), a[x].fa = y;
     74 }
     75 
     76 void cut(int x, int y)
     77 {
     78     make_root(x), access(y), splay(y), a[y][0] = a[x].fa = 0;
     79 }
     80 
     81 int find_root(int x)
     82 {
     83     access(x), splay(x);
     84     while(a[x][0])
     85         x = a[x][0];
     86     return x;
     87 }
     88 
     89 int main()
     90 {
     91     int n, m, u, v, w;
     92     cin >> n;
     93     for(int i = 1; i < n; i++)
     94     {
     95         cin >> u >> v >> w;
     96         a[i + n].sum = a[i + n].key = w;
     97         link(++u, i + n), link(i + n, ++v);
     98     }
     99     cin >> m;
    100     while(m--)
    101     {
    102         cin >> u >> v;
    103         make_root(++u), access(++v), splay(v);
    104         printf("%d
    ", a[v].sum);
    105     }
    106     return 0;
    107 }
    View Code
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/CtrlCV/p/5376386.html
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