Cobbler安装和配置

1.yum国内源的安装与更新

1.1 备份原repo文件

cd /etc/yum.repo.d/       
mkdir repo_bak        
mv *.repo repo_bak

1.2 在centos中配置网易和阿里的开源镜像

wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

1.3 清除系统缓存并生成新的yum缓存

yum clean all

yum makecache

1.4 安装epel源

yum -y install epel-release

1.5 下载安装阿里开源镜像提供的epel

wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

1.6 再次清除系统缓存并生成新的yum缓存

yum clean all

yum makecache

1.7 查看系统可用的yum源和所有yum源

yum repolist enable

yum repolist all

2.搭建前操作

2.1 升级系统到最新

yum update -y

2.2 关闭selinux

vi /etc/selinux/config

将SELINUX=enforcing改为disabled

getenforce #检测selinux是否关闭

2.3 关闭防火墙

firewall-cmd --state #查看防火墙状态
systemctl stop firewalld.service #临时关闭防火墙
systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止firewall开机启动

2.4 支撑环境安装

yum -y install cobbler httpd rsync tftp-server xinetd dhcp pykickstart fence-agents cobbler-web

3.配置Tftp,Http

vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp        
service tftp      
{

        disable                 = no #原为yes
        socket_type             = dgram
        protocol                = udp
        wait                    = yes
        user                    = root
        server                  =/usr/sbin/in.tftpd
        server_args             = -B 1380 -v -s /var/lib/tftpboot
        per_source              = 11
        cps                     = 100 2
        flags                   = IPv4
}

vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf        
ServerName 192.168.4.88:80     

4.配置Cobbler

4.1 生成系统装机默认密码

如在kiskstart文件内设置密码则系统安装后root密码为kickstart文件内设置的密码）
openssl passwd -1 -salt 'testabc' '123456'
$1$random-p$mzxQ/Sx848sXgvfwJCoZM0 #生成root密码

4.2 修改settings文件

vim /etc/cobbler/settings         
manage_dhcp: 1 ## 原为 0   
manage_tftpd: 1    
manage_rsync: 1 ## 原为 0  
next_server: 192.168.4.88 ## 本机 IP   
server: 192.168.4.88 ## 本机 IP    
default_password_crypted: "$1$random-p$mzxQ/Sx848sXgvfwJCoZM0" ## 生成的 root 密码

4.3 cobbler-web用户及密码修改

cobbler-web登陆默认使用cobbler/cobbler登陆，用户及密码存放的位置在/etc/cobbler/users.conf和/etc/cobbler/users.digest 两个文件内
如想修改可以使用如下命令：

htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digest "Cobbler" cobbler   
Changing password for user cobbler in realm Cobbler 
New password:  
Re-type new password:  

4.4 配置DHCP

只修改这个区域的IP地址即可

vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template        
subnet 172.16.31.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
     option routers             172.16.31.88;
     #option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1;
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
     range dynamic-bootp        172.16.31.100 172.16.31.120;
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                $next_server;

5.启动相关服务

5.1 启动服务

systemctl start httpd   
systemctl start xinetd  
systemctl start cobblerd    
systemctl start rsyncd  

5.2 将服务加入启动项

systemctl enable httpd  
systemctl enable xinetd  
systemctl enable cobblerd   
systemctl enable rsyncd

6.检查配置

cobbler check

依照检查配置的要求完成每一步
执行cobbler get-loaders自动下载引导文件
cobbler get-loaders

注意 debmirror检查这一步可以忽略

7.同步操作

cobbler sync

8.重启cobbler服务

systemctl restart cobblerd       
systemctl status cobblerd

9.注意事项

cobbler-web使用的python Django1.8.9实现，如果通过页面https://192.168.4.88/cobbler_web 登陆报“Internal Server Error”错误可以通过以下方式修复

#下载pip.py    
　　　　wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py    
#调用本地python运行pip.py脚本  
　　　　python get-pip.py  
#安装pip    
　　　　pip install Django==1.8.9   
#查看pip版本号  
　　　　python -c "import django; print(django.get_version())"    
#重启httpd  
　　　　systemctl restart httpd 

10.cobbler使用

10.1 下载安装镜像文件

wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.6.1810/isos/x86_64/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1810.iso

10.2导入安装源 #以下步骤均可在web页面完成

mkdir /mnt/CentOS-7-x86_64    
mount -r CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1810.iso /mnt/CentOS-7-x86_64/       
cobbler import --path=/mnt/CentOS-7-x86_64 --name=Centos-7-x86_64       

输出信息略（Cobbler 将镜像拷贝一份放在 /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-7-x86_64 目录下）

（同时会创建一个名为 Centos-7-x86_64 的发布版本及 profile 文件）

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler list
distros:        
   CenOS-7-xx86_64-Minimal-x86_64       
   Centos-7-x86_64      
profiles:     
   CenOS-7-xx86_64-Minimal-x86_64       
   Centos-7-x86_64
systems:       
   CHN-JS-1-IRON-07     
repos:        
images:       
mgmtclasses:       
packages:     
files:        

10.3 创建ks文件

vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Centos7-base-install.cfg

#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
# System language
lang en_US
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
# Root password
rootpw --plaintext ezsvs@123
#Use text mode install
text
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
#Use NFS installation Media
url --url=$tree
#System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
#Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr

#version=DEVEL

#Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled

# System authorization information
auth  --useshadow  --passalgo=sha512
# Use graphical install
text

# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# Installation logging level
logging --level=info
# Reboot after installation
reboot
# Network information
$SNIPPET('network_config')
# Network information
#network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on

# Partition clearing information
#clearpart --all --initlabel 
clearpart --drives=sda --all
# Disk partitioning information
#part /boot --asprimary --fstype="ext4" --ondisk=sda --size=200
#part swap --asprimary --fstype="swap" --ondisk=sda --size=4096
#part / --asprimary --fstype="xfs" --grow --ondisk=sda --size=1
part / --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=20480
part swap --fstype="swap" --ondisk=sda --size=4096
part /boot --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=500
part /data --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --grow --asprimary --size=1

%pre
 $SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
# Enable installation monitoring
$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
%end

%post
$SNIPPET('post_install_network_config')
%end

%packages
@base
@core
%end

目前已有编写好的文件供安装系统调用，注意ks文件中不能有中文，注释也不能有中文。
注意磁盘分区字段
clearpart --all --initlabel #系统初装删除所有分区
clearpart --drives=sda --all #系统重装只删除系统分区sda保留数据盘

10.4 关联ks文件

[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler distro list    
   CenOS-7-xx86_64-Minimal-x86_64  
   Centos-7-x86_64 

这里有2个镜像，其中Centos-7-x86_64是我刚上传制作的

[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler profile report --name Centos-7-x86_64   
Name                           : Centos-7-x86_64      
TFTP Boot Files                : {}      
Comment                        :         
DHCP Tag                       : default        
Distribution                   : Centos-7-x86_64     
Enable gPXE?                   : 0      
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1      
Fetchable Files                : {}     
Kernel Options                 : {}     
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}     
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks        
Kickstart Metadata             : {}     
Management Classes             : []     
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>     
Name Servers                   : []     
Name Servers Search Path       : []     
Owners                         : ['admin']      
Parent Profile                 :        
Internal proxy                 :        
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>     
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>     
Repos                          : []     
Server Override                : <<inherit>>     
Template Files                 : {}     
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1      
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0     
Virt CPUs                      : 1      
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw        
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5      
Virt Path                      :        
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512        
Virt Type                      : kvm       

这个镜像默认使用的ks文件为/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks

cobbler profile add --name=Cenos-7-x86_64 --distro=Centos-7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Centos7-base-install.cfg

再次查看关联成功

Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Centos7-base-install.cfg

10.5 修改内核参数

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=Centos-7-x86_64  --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile report --name=Centos-7-x86_64 
Name                           : Centos-7-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : Centos-7-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Centos7-base-install.cfg
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm

10.6 同步配置完成操作

cobbler sync

至此，cobbler的安装和配置已经完成，连接待安装的服务器，将服务器启动引导PXE启动，即可开始安装系统。

11.附录

11.1 cobbler 常用命令列表

[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler --help      
usage       
=====       
cobbler <distro|profile|system|repo|image|mgmtclass|package|file> ...       
        [add|edit|copy|getks*|list|remove|rename|report] [options|--help]       
cobbler <aclsetup|buildiso|import|list|replicate|report|reposync|sync|validateks|version|signature|get-loaders|hardlink> [options|--help]        

[root@localhost kickstarts]# cobbler profile --help      
usage       
=====       
cobbler profile add     
cobbler profile copy        
cobbler profile dumpvars        
cobbler profile edit        
cobbler profile find        
cobbler profile getks       
cobbler profile list        
cobbler profile remove      
cobbler profile rename      
cobbler profile report    

cobbler distro add --name=string --kernel=path --initrd=path [--kopts=string] [--kopts-post=string] [--ksmeta=string] [--arch=x86|x86_64|ia64] [--breed=redhat|debian|suse] [--template-files=string]

cobbler profile add --name=string --distro=string [--kickstart=path] [--kopts=string] [--ksmeta=string] [--virt-file-size=gigabytes] [--virt-ram=megabytes] [--virt-type=string] [--virt-cpus=integer] [--virt-path=string] [--virt-bridge=string] [--server] [--parent=profile]

cobbler system add --name=string --profile=string [--mac=macaddress] [--ip-address=ipaddress] [--hostname=hostname] [--kopts=string] [--ksmeta=string] [--kickstart=path] [--netboot-enabled=Y/N] [--server=string] [--gateway=string] [--dns-name=string] [--static-routes=string] [--power-address=string] [--power-type=string] [--power-user=string] [--power-pass=string] [--power-id=string]

11.2 基本命令说明

命令名称	命令用途
cobbler check	核对当前设置是否有问题
cobbler list	列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler distro/profile/system/repo/image/mgmtclass/package/file list	列出每种元素的列表
cobbler report	详细的列出每个元素
cobbler distro/profile/system/repo/image/mgmtclass/package/file report --name=[object-name]	列出每个元素的报告
cobbler sync	同步配置
cobbler reposync	同步yum仓库

11.3 配置文件说明

cobbler配置文件存放在/etc/cobbler/下

配置文件名称	用途
/etc/cobbler/settings	cobbler主配置文件
/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template	dhcp的模板配置文件
/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template	tftp的模板配置文件
/etc/cobbler/named.template	dns的模板配置文件
/etc/cobbler/users.digest	用于web访问的用户名密码配置文件
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf	模块配置文件
/etc/cobbler/users.conf	cobbler webUI/web service授权配置文件

repo数据目录/var/www/cobbler

导入的发行版，repos镜像和kickstarts文件都放置在/var/www/cobbler目录下。确保/var目录有足够的空间来存储这些文件

目录名称	用途
images/	存储所有导入发行版的kernel和initrd镜像用于远程网路启动
ks_mirrors	存储导入的发行版
repo_mirror	yum repos存储目录
/var/log/cobbler	存放日志文件/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log

cobbler数据目录/var/lib/cobbler，此目录存储和cobbler profiles，systems，distros相关的配置。

目录名称	用途
configs/	存储distros，repos，systems和profiles相关信息
backup/	备份目录
snippets	放置一些可以在kickstarts导入的脚本小片段
triggers/	放置一些可执行脚本
kickstarts/	放置kickstarts模板文件