十三、多表联接查询
1、分类
(1)内联接(INNER JOIN)(2)外联接
A、左外联结 (LEFT JOIN)
B、右外联结 (RIGHT JOIN)
C、完整外联结 (FULL JOIN)
(3)交叉联接(CROSS JOIN)
2、多表内联结查询
(1)建立联接
SELECT S.SName,C.CourseID,C.Score From Score AS C INNER JOIN Students AS S ON C.StudentID = S.SCode --显示结果:把 Score 表和 Students 表建立内联结,查询 C.StudentID = S.SCode 时,显显示S.SName,C.CourseID,C.Score 的内容。
(2)未建立联接
SELECT Students.SName, Score.CourseID, Score.Score FROM Students,Score WHERE Students.SCode = Score.StudentID<pre name="code" class="sql">--显示结果:把 Score 表和 Students 表建立内联结,查询 C.StudentID = S.SCode 时,显显示S.SName,C.CourseID,C.Score 的内容。
(3)多表联接查询—三表联接
SELECT S.SName AS 姓名, CS.CourseName AS 课程, C.Score AS 成绩 FROM Students AS S INNER JOIN Score AS C ON (S.SCode = C.StudentID) INNER JOIN Course AS CS ON (CS.CourseID = C.CourseID)
(4)区别
建立联接的查询速度比没有建立的快得多。
3、多表外联接查询
(1)左外联接 (LEFT JOIN 或 LEFT OUTER JOIN)<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(LEFT JOIN 或 LEFT OUTER JOIN) </span>SELECT S.SName,C.CourseID,C.Score From Students AS S LEFT JOIN Score AS C ON C.StudentID = S.SCode --显示结果:Students 为左表(left join)Score 为右表。左表中有的,右表中没有的显示空值(NULL)。
(2)右外联接 (RIGHT JOIN 或 RIGHT OUTER JOIN)
SELECT Titles.Title_id, Titles.Title, Publishers.Pub_name FROM titles RIGHT OUTER JOIN Publishers ON Titles.Pub_id = Publishers.Pub_id --显示结果:<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Students 为右表(right join)Score 为左表。右表中有的,左表中没有的显示空值(NULL)。</span>
(3)完整外联接 (FULL JOIN 或 FULL OUTER JOIN)
SELECT Titles.Title_id, Titles.Title, Publishers.Pub_name FROM titles RIGHT OUTER JOIN Publishers ON Titles.Pub_id = Publishers.Pub_id显示结果:左表和右表中的所有行。当某行在另一个表中没有匹配行时,则另一个表的
选择列为空值;如果有匹配行,则显示结果包括左右表中的所有列值。
4、多表交叉联接查询 (CROSS JOIN)
交叉联接返回左表中的所有行,左表中的每一行与右表中的所有行一一组合,相当于两
个表“相乘”。 类似于我们学过的做笛卡儿积
摘自:http://vdisk.weibo.com/s/d0C3jikrGIj1N